METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT STUDY IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT


Methodology provides a detailed account of the methods used in collecting the data; why the methods were chosen, what data were obtained, how they were analyzed, and how the answers to specific aims were provided.

Under the methodology, this study emphasizes on research design, scope of the study, method of data collection, population of the study, sampling techniques, source of data, validity and reliability, operational measures of variables, data presentation and analysis techniques.

3.1       Research Design
Research design could be seen as a framework or plan that is used as a guide in
collecting and analyzing the data for a study. This study, however adopted the field survey method. According to Osuala (2001), survey research is versatile and practical in that they identify present conditions and point to the present needs.

3.2.      Population of the Study
The population of this study would be made up of every staff of the selected companies mentioned above. The essence of using the entire staff of the companies is because the companies have a limited number of staff-strength totaling 236 in all.

3.3.      Method of Data Collection
Since the researcher wanted to have first hand information from both the policy
makers and operatives of the companies under study, the use of questionnaire and oral interview were adopted.

The questionnaire was used to ascertain the relationship between rewards and performance. It  also obtained information about employees ability, experience, skill, commitment and zeal to succeed, using performance appraisal as the measurement tool.

The questionnaire was also used to obtain information on how employees competence and ability are accessed, what organizations gain by employing employees with the right experience, how employees demonstrate their commitment to an organization and obtain information on employees performance ranking.

The copies of the questionnaire were administered to the respondents, and a period of two weeks gap was  given before the retrieval of the questionnaire from the respondents. The reason for the two weeks gap is to enable the respondents make out time to respond to the questionnaire.

3.4.      Sampling and Sampling Techniques
Since the population of the study is not very large one, the researcher therefore decides to make use of every member of the population, this therefore eliminated the use of sample size.

3.5.      Sources of Data Collection
There are two major sources of data namely: primary and secondary sources.
1.      Primary Source:  The primary source of data for this study is the raw data collected through the use of questionnaire that was administered to the respondents, and personal interview conducted with selected members of staff of Oil Companies.

3.6.      Validation and Reliability of Instrument
In order to guarantee the reliability of the research instrument (questionnaire), the test-retest method was adopted. In this method, the same individuals are measured at two different points in time. Then a Correlation Coefficient is computed to determine whether the scores on the first measure are related to scores on the second measure.

The content and construct validity were also guaranteed, as the researcher after drafting the questionnaire gave it to a research expert for vetting and validation before it was administered.

3.7.      Operational measures of variables
3.7.1    The Independent Variable (IV)

The independent variable is denoted by X. The independent variables in this study are employee’s ability, experience, skills, Job security; zeal to succeed, reward and employee’s participation. The measurement tool to determine the independent variables is the Employee’s Performance Appraisal. Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the Independent and dependent variables.
 3.7.2.     Intervening Variables (In. V)
The intervening variables in this study are workers performance, labour turn-over, and commitment to organizational set goals. Questions were asked to unveil factors that enhance performance, or lead to labour turn-over, employees commitment etc.

3.7.3.     Dependent Variables (DV)
The dependent variables in this study are effective organizational performance and organizational efficiency. Questions were asked to measure the extent at which reward influences performance. (Chukwu, 2008).

3.8.      Techniques of Data Analysis
The data collected in this study were presented on tables. The hypothesis stated
in chapter one are tested statistically using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, denoted by (r) this statistical tool is deemed appropriate because it measures the degree of relationship between two sets of ranked observations  (Baridam, 1986).

Degree of freedom is (2), while confidence level is 0.05% (R) assumes any value from -1 to +1 indicating perfect correlation, and 0 indicating no relationship. The ranked correlation co-efficient is denoted by r, in this study, r has the following formula.

 
            Where ∑x        = Sum of the scores on the first test
            2           = Sum of the squares of scores on the left test
            ∑y2        =  Sum of the squares of scores on the second test
(∑x)2    = Sum of the scores on the first test squared
∑x2  = Sum of the scores on the second test squared
N = Number of scores on the test.
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