The burden of reproductive tract
infections, including sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS is heavy in
the region and is worsened by sequels, namely, infertility, pelvic
inflammatory disease, sexual dysfunction, cervical cancer, ectopic
pregnancy, foetal deaths, etc. Africa
alone accounts for 25% of new cases of curable sexually transmitted diseases
occurring at the global level every year. Surveys on some countries show
that the rate of prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women ranges between
10-20% and HIV infection in pregnant women is as high as 40% in certain
areas. Africa also accounts for two-thirds of
HIV infections that occur among the 15.24 year olds in the world. The infertility rate among couples in some
countries is as high as 25%, resulting from post abortal or post partum
infections in women and delayed or inadequate treatment of sexually transmitted
infections in both men and women. Full and reliable data on the social and
economic impact of these problems are not available.
Cancer of the cervix the commonest genital tract cancer in women, is occurring
among the younger age groups as a result of early sexual activity several
sexual partners and history of sexually transmitted infections,
including HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. There is lower incidence of breast cancer due
to prolonged breastfeeding and high parity which provide a degree of
protection. Women should be encouraged to undertake monthly self-examination
for breast lumps. As for men, cancer of the prostate affects men over 45years.
It may be hereditary and associated with high fats, low vegetable and fresh
fruits intake. Because in its early stages it is asymptomatic, men over 45 years
should be encourage to undergo yearly anal digital examination.
Menopause and and Ropause
In the Sub-Saharan countries,
problems of menopause and andropause are neglected due to lack of awareness and
lack of reliable data. There is therefore need to institute interventions to
cater for these problems.