CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This chapter
deals with the procedure the researcher adopted to investigate the problem of
this study. This procedure includes:
v Research
design
v Area
of the study
v Population
of study
v Sample
and sampling technique
v Instrument
for data collection
v Validation
of the instrument
v Reliability
of the instrument
v Method
of data collection
v Method
of data analysis
Research
Design
This
study adopted descriptive survey design. Descriptive survey design, consist of
those studies in which data are collected from small sample of a large
population to enable the researcher describe in a systematic manner and
interprets the characteristic features and facts about things that exist.
(Abonyi, Okereke, Omebe and Anugwo, 2006). It is descriptive because
information collected allowed the researcher to describe the situation as it exists
as far as effect of teaching resources on the academic performance of junior
secondary school student in social studies.
Area of the study
The
study was carried out in the 53 public secondary schools in Abeokuta South
Local Government of Area of Ogun State.
Population of the Study
The population of the study
consisted of all the teachers of Social Studies and students. There are 159
teachers teaching social studies and about 683 students, hence giving rise to
842 populations in about fifty three 53 junior secondary schools in Abeokuta
south local government area of Ogun state.
Sample and Sampling Techniques
The
researcher used simple random sampling techniques by balloting replacement to
select twenty three 23junoir secondary schools for this study. Names of all the
fifty three junior secondary school were written and mixed thoroughly in a
bowl, out of the fifty three junior secondary, twenty three of them were
blindly picked and leaving thirty remaining
secondary school. Simple random technique was also used to select 69
social studies teachers and 138 student used for the study, thereby giving a
total sample size of 201 respondents.
Instrument for data collection
Instrument
for data collection in this study was a structure questionnaire designed by the
researcher. The instrument was divided into two sections, A and B. Section A
was designed to collect information on personal data of respondents, names of
schools, sex, educational qualification
while section B contained the question related to the research
questions.
Strongly
agree = SA
Agree = A
Disagree = D
Strongly
disagree = SD
Validation of the instrument
To
ensure the validity of the instrument (questionnaire) the drift copies of the
questionnaire were given to three experts of Educational Administration and
planning of Ebonyi State University Abakaliki. They criticized the initial
draft of the instrument based on content, language and relatedness of the item
of the relevant research question. With the correction the instrument was
modified and finally adopted.
Reliability of the instrument
To determine the reliability of the
instrument, test-retest approach was used. Copies of the questionnaire were
administered to forty one respondents in ten out of the thirty junior secondary
schools not used for the study area. After two weeks interval, the
questionnaire was administered to them again. The score were collected and
analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation co-efficient of 0.85 was
obtained and this was high enough to consider the instrument reliable.
Method of Data Collection
The instrument was administered to
the teachers and students of the school personally by the researcher with the
help of two research assistant. It was administered directly and collected on
the spot to avoid high incident of instrument mortality.
Method of Data Analysis The
data collected for this was displayed on tables and analyzed using the simple
percentage for the purpose of comparing the data. The formula used in working
out the percentage was % = f/n x 100/1
Where
% = Symbol for percentage
F = Frequency of respondent
N = Total Numbers of
respondent
100 = Base of percentage
1= constant
The
percentage of each respondent was used to judge the acceptance and rejection of
the item.