The major
causes for this is poverty, world conflicts lack of education, natural disaster
and poor access to health care. PCM usually manifest early in children between
6 month and 2 years of age and is associated with early Weanury, delayed introduction of education of
complementary foods, a low-protein diet and serve or frequent infections [Kwena
et al., 2003).
Nearly one tend of
children in the developing world are malnourished [Ahmed, T.; et al., 2009].
Diverse studies have demonstrated that malnutrition
increases the risks of infection and death
[Pelletier, D. 1994],
[Pelletier, D.; and
Frogillo, EA.2003].
The most
frequent causes of death in children under 5 years old are acute diarrhea and
acute respiratory infection. Several studies have shown that malnutrition is
frequently casually associated with these death [Pelletier, D. et al.,1993]. However, as impacts is
largely underestimated.
Several studies have been conducted to examine associations
among malnutrition deficiencies in cell
mediated immunity, and the incidences respiratory infection children under 5
years of age in 2001, the world health organization (WHO) established the
external child Health Epidemiology group References group (CHERG) to develop
estimates of the proportion of deaths in children younger than age 5 years
attributable to pneumonia, diarrhea, malarial
and measles of the of estimated
8,775 million deaths in children younger than 5 years worldwide in 2008,
infections diseases caused 68% (5,970 million), with the largest percentage due
to pneumonia (18%), diarrhea (15%), and malaria (8%) [Black,R. E.; et al., 2010]. A separate study reported
different risk estimates, with stronger association between nutritional status
and mortality and acute respiratory infections that coincide with malnutrition
[Yoon, P. W.; et al., 1997].
The
relationship between nutritional status and the immune system has been a topic
of study for decades. Several studies have demonstrated that PCM impairs host
immune responses, including cell mediated immunity [Srcrimshew, N. S.; et al., 1997] and secretory IgA
production [Reddy, v ; et al.,1976] [Ha, CL; woodward, B. 1997].
PCM is a major cause of secondary immune deficiency in the world.
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