Department: ANIMAL SCIENCE
NAME OF BUSINESS VENTURE: LOCAL SHEEP
PRODUCTION
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY:
sheep was first domesticated in the new
stone age. Evidence for the domestication of sheep dates to 9000BC in Iraq. DNA
analysis has shown that domestic sheep are descended from two ancestor species,
one of which is the mouffion. The moufflons comprise ovis musimon and ovis oriental
is. Although the second ancestor has not been identified, both the urinal and
argali have been ruled out.
The urinal (O. vignei) is found from northeastern Iran
to northwestern India. It has a higher number of chromosomes (58) than domestic
sleep (54) which makes it an unlikely ancestor of the latter, but it
interbreeds with the moufflon. The argali sleep (O. aminan) of inner Asia Tibet
Himalayas, Italy mountains, Tien-Shan and pamir has 56 chromosomes and the
Siberian snow sheep (ovisnivi cola) has 52 chromosomes. The soay ram
demonstrates the wide variance in sleep traits that belies the prototypical
appearance of the animal. Historical records slow that sheep provided primitive
pastoral people with meat, wool, tallow, skin and milk.
CURRENT
STATUS
The population of livestock in Nigeria
as at 2013 was estimated at 195, 950,000 sheep, 40,834,000 goats, 19,590,000
poultry, 16,286,000 cattle and pigs 1,350,000 (Federal office of statistics,
2013). Inspite of these great numbers, the death of animal protein in Nigeria
had continued to plague us. The problem is simply due to gross inefficiently of
sub-sector. Adu (2013) reported a decrease in annual growth rate of livestock
population in Nigeria, from 7.6% in 1990 to 1.9% in 2002. According to
Akinsanmi (2012) if the situation is viewed against the scenario of rapidly
increasing human population (2.1% per annum) and diminishing of 1.6% per annum
in the livestock production index holds a grim prospect for animal protein
supply in Nigeria.
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
Sheep brings ovulation and oestrous. It
also helps in the development of the mammary gland. It also influences nitrogen
retention and protein synthesis.
BUSINESS
DESCRIPTION
Some breeds e.g. the wool type produce
two products – wool and lamb available for market at two different period of
the year. Housing is important requirement for intensive sheep production.
Housing is essential for overnight shelter and provides security against
predators for the sheep. Also, it provides protection against rain and cold.
The floor can be of cement or rammed earth, it should be easy to clean and
should be covered with good bedding material such as straw or wood shaving
which can be changed from time to time. Water supply can be from a well, tap,
and borehole or river. It should be clean and insufficient quantity. Feed and
water troughs should be provided in every pen.
The population of livestock in Nigeria
as at 1994 was estimated at 194,980,000 poultry, 50,973 goats, 20,490,000
sheep, 17,397,000 cattle and 2,340,000 pigs.
Sheep essentially contain minerals and
vitamins for body functions and health of animals. Protein is essential for the
repair of worn out tissues and the building of new ones
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
|
Source
|
Amount
(
|
Interest (%)
|
Year One
|
Year two
|
Year three
|
|
NACRDB loan
|
20,000.00
|
-
|
500,000
|
410,000
|
160,800
|
|
|
Balance
|
12
|
60,000
|
49,200
|
192,960
|
|
|
Repayment
|
b/d
|
560,000
|
360,800
|
169,804
|
|
|
Balance
|
c/d
|
67,200
|
200,000
|
23,160
|
The 300 layers sheep production would be
able to repay its loaned fund within three years of business environment
provided the business model is carried out as planned.
The population of livestock in Nigeria
as at 1995 was estimated at 175,940,000 poultry, 40,234,000 goats, 18,386,000
cattle and 1,330,000 sheep.
Energy is present in feedstuffs in the
form of carbohydrates, fats and oil. An animal must have sufficient energy to
maintain its body functions and produce meat and milk. Grains, molasses and
brewers dried grains are good source of energy
MARKET
ANALYSIS:
We surveyed the sheep production market
in Nigeria and found that with an estimated population of over 300 million
offices in this country, the market for decent office is very large indeed.
Currently prices of executive sheep production in Nigeria range from N80,000 – 150,000 depending on size and
quality.
The current status was estimated at
N175,940 poultry, sheep 19,120,000 and cattle 18,149,000 pigs 152,284,000.
The most commonly available feedstuffs
for livestock in Nigeria are roughages (grasses, legumes, browse plants and
crops residues), oil seed cakes (cotton seed cake, groundnut cake and palm
kernel cake). Molasses wheat offal rice bran, dust (local bran) and brewers
dried grains.
MARKETING
PLAN
Marketing plan is based on the
following;
Sales Quotas: Each depot will
be given a sales quota that must be achieved in order for us to realize the
estimated sales N40,325,000,000
annually.
Distribution channels: we sell our
product from factory site at (Address Here) and also from our three sales
depots located at …….. (Imo, Lagos and
Kaduna for example)
The population of livestock in Nigeria
as at 1997 was estimated at 30,250,000 sheep, 194,120,000 cattle, 184,210,000
pigs
Sheep droppings are particularly less
subjected to wastes because of the way they are dropped and tramped into the
soil also. Their energy requirements are lower than those for other livestock
enterprises
OPERATION
PLAN
Dip vats are best made with concrete A
vat measuring 6 x 1.2 x 0.75 litres. It is necessary to put a roof over the vat
to prevent rain from diluting the chemical. In small-sized flocks, a 200 litre
drum opened at one and can be used. A knapsack sprayer can be also be used. In
raw material requirement we are concerned with quality and quantity reliability
of source, cost effectiveness and current cost.
The current status was estimated at
234,198,000 sheep, 132,210,000 cattle 192,141,000 poultry.
Improvement in the management practices
like intensive rearing of livestock, adoption of agro-pastoral system also
establishment of grazing reserves and grain storage centres.
MANAGEMENT
AND ORGANIZATION:
Organization charts of sheep production.
Farm
manager
Poultry
attendant
Security
The need for job specification at this
stage of the project is not very necessary since this will be taken care of as
the farm grows. The office of the farm manager will be handled by the farmer
himself, who holds a bachelors’ of agriculture degree with experience in sheep
production.
The population of livestock in Nigeria
as at 1998 was estimated at 352,194,000 sheep, 219,138,000 cattle, 192,452,000
goat.
Improving the feeding and health
standards of the animals and also improvement of the animal’s environment.
FINANCIAL
PLAN:
Sheep production cash flow estimated
|
Year
|
Cash flow year (
|
Cash flow cumulative (
|
|
1
|
59,140.50
|
59,140.50
|
|
2
|
62,384.50
|
121,525.50
|
|
3
|
67,384.50
|
2,461,294.00
|
|
4
|
64,128.50
|
382,248.00
|
|
5
|
69,384.00
|
309,678.50
|
The population of livestock in Nigeria
as at 2,000 was estimated at 198,173,000 sheep, 127,542,000 cattle, 130,124,000
poultry and pigs 479,271,000.
Establishment of good and functional
livestock insurance polices and mobilization of an inter-disciplinary approach
of all stake holders for the overall growth and development of the livestock
industry
From the table above, a cash flow
estimate the yearly phasing of the sheep production invested capital did not
show any negative return.
CONCLUSION:
A major attraction of intensive sheep
production is the opportunity it offers for large scale production of rams
especially for sale during festivals when they can be sold at very high prices.
Rams for fattening can come from the farm flock or may be purchased on the open
market at a time when prices are relatively low. For best results rams should
be fattened for 3 to 4 months before sale.
The current status was estimated at
300,195,000 sheep, 125,184,000 poultry, 214,198,000 cattle and 172,203,000
pigs.
Government policies should bear
livestock farmers in mind during planning and improving the feeding and health
standards of the animals