Today in the word as the case may be in medical science the
use of enzymes in the diagnosis of diseases is one of the
important benefits derived from
the intensive research in biochemistry
since 1940. Enzymes have provided the basis for the field of clinical chemistry, it
is however only in the recent past few decades that interest in diagnostics
emzymology has multiplied . in and industries genetic engineering, scientists have been
button putting genes that makes enzymes from
human being into food crops in a
dramatic extension of genetic
modification
An enzymes has
been identified that may be a powerful new
tool for fighting
alzheimers disease (BACEZ ) is the enzyme that has been
found to destroy betaamyloid a toxic protein fragment that litters
alherimer patients brains. The most
common memory disorder is alheimers
disease affecting over 5.5 million
Americans. The use of important enzymes in medicine include killing disease causing micro organisms, prompting would helaing anddiagnosing certain diseases, use of enzymes as
direct pharmacentical products
Enzymes that would
be normally found in the
liver, leak into the blood steam
. by testing the blood for alternative enzyme activity, liver damage damage can be confirmed. Enzymes
can be used to detect and measure the
maount of glucose in the blood. The
amount of glucose in the blood and urine
is a crucial indicator in the diagnosis of diabetes, this is when there is a deficiency of insulin refuting in high glucose levels in the blood. It is detected using
the enzyme glucose oxidize which is
impregnated onto a strip of papel,
and a bio sensor.
This instrument uses glucose oxidase as its biological system the enzyme
catalyses the reaction between glucose
and oxygen to form gluconis acid The biosensor then uses the amount of gluconic acid produced to indicate
the quantity of glucose and oxygen that was in the blood which is indicated by a colour change Enzymes are very important when coming to diagnose disease, this is because if enzymes are present where they should
not be, then something may be wrong for instance in the case of a damaged liver . enzymes that can be normally found in the
liver, into the blood stream
Enzymes in blood
clotting
Enzymes are very importantin preventing excessive
blood clotting and reducing the tendency for platelets and red blood cells
to clot . because of enxymes part in removing metabolic waste and improvement circulation
processes for example, trypsin and chymotrypsin can be used in fibrinolysis,
this is a process that dissolves blood
clots. One use in the case of
thrombosis, this is when blood clots form a damaged blood vessels. If these
clots are carried to an small artery and
may become blocked a heart attack or
stroke can b ecuased. This can be treated with enzymes such as trypsion and
protease . digestion of the insoluble fibrin clot takes place and because the
enzymes are proteins, it results in a conversion to amino acids, consequently freeing the trapped blood cells and eliminating the clot. This process sis called filminolysis opposite to
the prevention of clotting, the
enzymes protease can be used as a deriding agent, they are used to clean
the wound and accelerate the healing process
Enzymes can also
be used in drug manufacture where the synthesis of drugs is difficult therefore enzymes are used
to perform the chemical procedure. Enzymes can
be used to aid digestion where they are used to supplement amylase, lipase and protease produced
mainly by the pancreases
An example of lactose
into intolerant people where
they require lactose as their bodies are
not producing it. Mold pencillium notaum
are enzymes used in production
of antibiotics particularly penicillin.
The major pharmaceutical products
produced using enzyme technology are the antibiotic, semi –
synthetic penicillins
Antibiotics are
chemical substances produced by
micro organisms which are effective indilute solution in preventing the spread of
other micro –organisms. Most of them inhibit growth rather than killing the micro organism on which they
act upon. One of the best known antibiotics is penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming
in 1928 . It was found that it acts on growing
bacteria, killing them and
preventing their growth .
It is believed
that it compete with paraminobenzoic acid
for the active site of an enzyme