Before processing
what are enzymes? Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the
thousands of chemical inter conversion
that sustain life. They work by binding
to one or more specific molecules called
reactants or substrates.
Enzymes can also be
defined as the biological catalyst that optimize cell activity while
minimizing the amount of energy needed to achieve a specific reaction.
Enzymes also energized protein
molecules found in every living cell and
are necessary for life
There are over 200 known enzymes, each of which is involved with one specific chemical reaction. In cells and organisms, most reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, which are regenerated during the course of a
reaction biological catalyst are
philologically important because they speed up rate of reaction that would otherwise to too slow
to support life . our bodies naturally
produce digestive and metabolic
enzymes as they are needed.
CLASSIFICATION
OF ENZYMES
The names of enzymes
often include the substrate or substance on which they act, joined with an use ending . for example , lactase
act upon lactose and maltase acts
on maltose to product, for
example , sucrose is often called inverters, because inverters as the result
of the reaction of sucrose
The six classes of enzymes according to the reaction they catalyze are:
1.
Oxidoreductases
2.
Transferases
3.
Hyrolases
4.
Lyases
5.
Isomercises
6.
Ligases
Examples
1. Alcohol dehydrogenase: this si an oxidoreductase that converts alcohols
to aldehydes and ketones
2. Amino transferrases :
transferases catalyzing the
amino acid degreadation by removing amino groups
3. Pyravate
decarbotylase: a lyase that removes C02
From pyruvate
TYPES OF ENZYMES
The types enzymes include:
a. Simple enzymes:
these are enzymes composed
completely of proteins
b. Complex enzymes
: these are those composed of protein and a small organic molecules also
known as holoenzymes
c. The enzymes categorized by their function(s) organic molecules also
known as
holoenzymes
The Enzymes
Categorized by their function(s) include
:
1. Metabolic
enzymes: this catalyze and regulate every biochemical reaction that occurs in our body and essential
to cellular function and health
2. Digestive enzymes: these are secreted
along digestive tract which break down food into nutrients
and waste, and allow the nutrients found in foods to be absorbed
into the blood stream
3. Food enzymes
which enter the body through the consumption
of raw foods cooking and processing
destroys most of enzymes in food
4. Plant based
enzymes : these are synthetically grown which help to break down facts, proteins and carbohydrates
and function within a broad PH range .
5. Protoplytic enzymes :
they are enzymes that digest proteins,
trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatin etc
IMPORTANCE
OF ENZYMES
The presence of
enzymes in the improve health and over all performance. They include:
a. Necessary for cellular
function.
b. Essential for
complete digestion and nutrient absorption
c. Helpful in
fighting free radicals
d. Useful in supporting
liver detoxification
e. Breakdown of
starches and proteins
f. It help to stabilizer
and clarify commercial fruit juice