A. VECTOR
TRANSMISSION: The female anopheline mosquito
is transmitter of Malaria parasites and this is facilitated by its blood meal from
man and other vertebrate host. The proboscis play a crucial role in the blood
meal. Transmission depends not only upon the presence of Gametocytes. For mosquitoes,
the growth rate of larva of mosquito determining transmission rate is directly
proportional to the stability of the environment to its requirements that
vary
from species to species. The distribution and frequency of malaria in tropical Africa depend more or less directly on the climate and
among the various climatic factors involved such as rainfall and temperature.
B. BLOOD TRANSFUSION: Malaria
can be transmitted by the transfusion of blood from an infected person to
healthy person .In this way the asexual formed continues to develop in the
peripheral blood producing attacks of fever in the recipient.Malaria
transmitted in this way is easily cared and relapses do not occur .The
possibility of acquiring malaria by intravenous injection has also been
established.
C. CONGENITAL
TRANSMISSION: Congenital malaria was reported
by Covell, (1950), who concluded that intro uterine transmission from mother to
child is well established. Congenital infestation may breakdown the barrier
which is applicable to all species of malaria parasite. This result in
stillbirth, abortion and death in new born babies. Kretscher, (1966). In most
cases the babies are infected during parturition. Malaria in pregnancy is a
critical problem.
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