THE PROCESS OF POLICY ANALYSIS: The following are the processes involved in policy analysis:
1. Initiation
Initiation is the first stage in the process of policy analysis. It involves the conception of creative thoughts about a problem. This is further followed by the definition of objectives, designing of several innovative options, and then a tentative preliminary exploration of concepts, claims and possibilities.
2. Estimation
This second stage involves a thorough investigation of concepts and claims, a scientific examination of impacts of continuing to do nothing as well as of each considered intervention option. Other issues involved under this stage include normative examination of likely consequences; development of program outlines; and establishment of expected performance criteria and indications.
3. Selection
The selection stage involves debating on possible options to be chosen; compromises, bargains, and accommodations; reduction of uncertainty about options; integration of ideological and other non-rational elements of decision; decisions among options; and assignment of executive responsibility.
4. Implementation
The fourth stage is the implementation stage. This is a crucial stage in the process, and involves development of rules, regulations, and guidelines to carry out decision. Another important aspect of this stage is the modification of decision to reflect operational constraints, including incentive and resources. This leads to the translation of decisions into operational terms, and finally the setting of program goals and standards, including schedule of operation.
5. Evaluation
This stage in the process is concerned with the comparison of expected and actual performance levels according to established criteria, as well as the assignment of responsibility for discovered discrepancies in performance.
6. Termination
This is the final stage in the process of policy analysis. The focus at this stage is the determination of costs, consequences, and benefits for reductions or closures.
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