ABSTRACT
The effect of polygamous marriage on the educational
development of the child has attracted the attention of scholar and
authorities. This is because the behaviour of the child in school or outside is
a reflection of his or her home where she/he comes from.In Nigeria today, there
are many problem academic performance of pupils in school because there is no
effective teaching in school and also parental background or home in which a
child comes from have great or adverse effect on the pupil. This research work
made use of 100 respondents from selected school and autonomous Communities in
Isukwuato Local government Area of Abia State. The Likert Scale of data
analysis was used. The questionnaire was the major instrument for data
collection. The research found out that there should be a synergy between
parent teachers, children, society and the government in order to achieve the
desired educational objectives for individuals and the society.
EFFECTS OF POLYGAMY ON CHILDREN’S
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ISUKWUATO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ABIA STATE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
…………………………………………………………… i
Approval Page…………………………………………………….. ii
Dedication………………………………………………………… iii
Acknowledgements………………………………………………… iv
List of
tables……………………………………………………….. v
Table of
Content…………………………………………………… vi
Abstract…………………………………………………………….. xi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.2
Background of the
Study
1.3
Statement of
problem
1.4
Purpose of the
Study
1.5
Research
Questions
1.6
Significance of
the study
1.7
Scope of the
study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
The origin of
polygamy in Nigeria
2.2
The origin of
Monogamy
2.3
Polygamy
Marriage system and their effect on the child education performance
2.4
Problems
Associated with polygamy.
2.5
The Home as a
socializing Agent.
2.6
Family size
2.7
Attitudes and
Interest of parents towards their child Education.
2.8
Summary of
the review.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.2
Introduction
3.3
Research design
3.3 Population
3.4 Sample and Sampling technique
3.5 Instrument for data Collection
3.6 Validity
3.7 Reliability
3.8 Procedure for data collection
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, INTEPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1
Research Question One
4.2
Research
Question Two
4.3
Research
Question Three
4.4
Research
Question Four
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMERY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Discussions
5.2
Conclusions
5.3
Implications of
the study
5.4
Recommendations
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the study.
It is believed that the standard of education is
falling in the country. The reasons for such fall in the standard of education
are not far fetched as they are easily traceable to the home as it is often said
that the ruin of the nation begins in the home of his people.
Among other factors responsible for
the low standard of education is the polygamous marriage system. Polygamous
marriage is the legal union between one man and many women as wives. Bui and Vogel
(1980) linked the polygamous family to the extended family which according to
them is broader than the nuclear family and related to ascent marriage or
adoption. This is a common practice in Nigeria.
Closely related to the polygamous system of marriage
is monogamy which involves the marriage of one man to a Woman as husband and
wife. The structure of marriage and family vary from one society to another and
also account for the variation in the academic performance of students.
Not disregarding the effects of
polygamous marriage system on education of students, various reasons have been
put forward for the practice of polygamy in the African Traditional setting
according to Han’s Hase (Basth 1996), some of the contemporary reasons put
forward in support of polygamy take care of the surplus of widows. Reduction of
prostitution for widows, he said that polygamy is a status symbol. Polygamy is
further thought to be a solution when
tradition call for a longer period of abstinence from sexual relations during
breast feeding and also were women still have to bare the burden of work in the
compound and field. Then polygamy is often regarded as a help.
Polygamy represent expanded family structures that are
based on marriage involving a husband with two or more wives. Interestingly,
polygamy is legal and widely practiced in 850 societies across the globe. In
the last two decades, polygamy has been focus of a significant growth in public
political and academic awareness.
Durojaiye (1976) took interest in
the study of the effect of polygamous marriage system on the educational
development of children. He investigated how the type of family set up
influences academic & performances of students. He thus concluded that
students from polygamous homes perform averagely or poorly due to the number of
children which may need attention in such homes. There are many factors within
the polygamous family structure which the inhibit or foster the academic
performances of students at secondary school level. Many student drop out of
school which others suffer from under achievement and many of these problems
can be traced to the family background. The family is the primary agent of
socialization which the child comes in contact with, this yield great influence
on the child’s development especially in the early stage of such development.
According to Yoloye (1976), the
child rearing practice in the home have a great significance on the child’s
education which provides support for what is going on the school, the
intellectual environment which the family provide is also crucial and differs
among monogamous and polygamous homes.
According to Akiutemi (1986) all
institutions except values, norms and procedures for getting some important
jobs done. The conditions and structure of it will have either positive or
negative influence on the growth and development of the child. In the
polygamous family system, the father has many responsibilities which may lead
to uneven provision to academic materials to children different families or
homes produce children with different rate of learning and the rate of academic
development of such, children, is closing dependent on the experience, gained
from their various homes. The educational development of the child can be
influenced by the nature of the family system. The experience in recurring of
the children is a matter of agreement in the monogamous family but it is a
different case in the polygamous home.
By the nature of it’s size, problems
natural stress, and strain are common features. In most polygamous families
each mother associates only with her own children alone. The sexual
relationship of the individual mother is usually cold at times. These
experience may generate unhealthy rivalry among children from different mothers
which may affect their educational attainment on the others, since each mother
is interested only in the well being of her children, she has to support at all
cost. The children of the same mother are bound to co-operate with one another
so as to attain their set goals socially and educationally.
In view of the fact that the
polygamous family structured has not help to effectively control the ever
increasing population of Nigeria with its attendant problem such as juvenile
delinquency and other child crimes it is therefore imperative to have an
in-depth appraisal of the polygamous marriage system as it affects the
educational development of the child. This study is therefore derived from
great concern about the adverse affect of polygamous marriage system on the
educational performance of students.
1.2 Statement
of problem
It is paramount to note that several factors militate
against student’s education/ academic achievement. These may include variables
such as the polygamous marriage system whi9ch may encompass family size, finance,
parental and care parents educational attainments and the likes.
In the light of the above, several scholars here
employed different strategies aimed at preferring solutions to these problems.
In spite of the meaningful effects deployed by these scholars, the
education/educational attainment of student from polygamous home have continued
to be on low ebb.
Therefore this research work is aimed at looking
critically at the influence of the polygamous family or marriage system on the
education of students. This is because the family of the student severs as a
bedrock for student education and performance.
The
research problem therefore is how the polygamous marriage system affects the
educational development of children. This problem emanates as a result of the
fact that the level of having and togetherness has a considerable effect on the
academic competence of students.
1.2
Purpose of the study.
Generally, the purpose of this study is to determine
the effect of the polygamous marriage system on the educational development of
children.
Specifically,
the purpose of this study is to generate finding to
1. The
level of educational development of children from polygamous families.
2. The
effect of polygamous marriage on the educational development of children.
3. The
effect of the size of polygamous families on the educational development of
children.
4. The
attitude and interest of polygamous families in the education of their
children.
1.4 Research Questions.
1. What
is the level of education development of children from polygamous families?
2. What is
the effect of polygamous marriage system on the education development of
children?
3. Does
the size of polygamous families effect the educational development of children?
4. What is
the attitude and interest of polygamous families toward education of their
children?
1.5 Significance of the study.
Students educational development and academic
performance one-way or the other is influence by their home background which
can fall into the continue of either polygamy or monogamy. The impact may
either be positive or negative.
Therefore;
this study is very significant in contemporary Nigeria society, as it will help
to resolve the consistent of poor academic performance of students from both
polygamous families.
Also,
findings arising from this research work will help to reawaken the morale of
parents who have been caught in the work of social ineptitude and economic
regression associated with polygamous marriage system towards the educational
development of their children.
Another
significance of this studies is that it will provide solution to the problem
associated with polygamous marriage system toward the educational development
of their children.
Another significance of this study
is that it will provide solution to the problems associated with polygamous
marriage system which when visible will promote student academic performance.
And finally when completed, this research work will propel other research to
investigate other area within the polygamous family structure that affect the
educational development of children.
1.1
Scope of the study.
Every research work has a focal point which is
anchored to a particular area in other to make it meaningful. Therefore, the
scope of this study is to investigation the effect of the polygamous marriage
system on the education development of children in Isukwuato Local government
area of Abia state. This study however covers some selected schools in the area
marked out for this study.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.
This section cover’s a review of relevant Literature
on the effect of polygamous marriage system on the educational development of
children. Educators, psychologist, sociologist have seen or postulated that the
family background goes a long way in determine the development of an individual
potentials.
This chapter will be discussed under
the following sub-headings.
- THE ORIGIN OF POLYGAMY IN NIGERIA
- THE ORIGIN OF MONOGAMY.
- MONOGAMY
AND POLYGAMY AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CHILD’S EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE
- THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH POLYGAMY
- THE FAMILY AS A SOCIALIZATION AGENT.
- THE FAMILY SIZE.
- THE
ATTITUDE AND INTEREST OF PARENT TOWARDS THEIR CHILDREN EDUCATION
- SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW
2.1 The
origin of polygamy in Nigeria.
Bardis (1964) identifies three factors, which borne
about the institution of the polygamous families. According to him, the
existence of soldering facilitated the introduction of concubine. He also said
that the numerous alliances with neighbouring status necessitated international
marital unions. The third factor has to do with proliferation and in Bardis
(1964) view, the desire for reproduction forced the first wife, when she was
barren on unable to bear any more children to encourage her husband to take a
concubine. Another factor, while lead to the practice of polygamy is the need
for man power to employ on the farm.
Agriculture practices necessitated the practice of
polygamous since the larger the family size the greater the work force
available, and consequently a greater yield. This factor is quite, the
manipulated in the Nigerian situation when to a great extent a family or
marriage without children connote the idea of doom for both husband and wife.
Ogionwo
(1965) says that since most Africans are polygamous their smallest units is not
necessary, the biological family in the Western sociology, consisting
father-Mother-children. But these groups consist of more than one wife in a
polygamous household with their children. It is therefore common to hear
children by the same mother using descriptive terms to refer to themselves
while, those of the same father by the same father also use such deceptive
terms. In other word, the polygamous family set up in Africa is one with a
common father, several wives and children.
South ball (1971), claims that traditional wives in
Africa do not object to the addition o other woman in the life of their
husbands as they often believe that extra hands would enlighten the work both
in the house and in the farm. This justifies the economic importance of the
polygamous marriage.
Ezewu (1983), describe polygamous family as a kind of
family pattern under which a man marries more than one wife at a time and bring
all of them to his domain and exercise control over them and the entire
household including their children. Basically, it is the practice in various
part of African and a well know feature of Islam because the holy Koran allow
Muslims depending on the finances and their consideration, as many as four
wives at a time.
The
Origin of Monogamy.
According to Ezewu (1983), monogamous marriage refers
to a kind of family pattern, which consist of one husband and one wife at a
time and their children. It is sometimes referred to as the nuclear family.
President ET. Otomeno (1995), said that at the
beginning of the world, God created a man called Adam and provided with one
wife called Eve and when Adam saw Eve, he said this is my bone of my bone and
flesh of my flesh, she shall be called woman, because she was taken out of man
the bible injunction of President E.T. Otomeno (1995) opinion that, therefore
shall a man leave his father and mother and desire to his wife and they shall
be one flash” well that was in the olden days because the present society has
to transform the man and the woman today. Sooner, the bone of my bone the flash
of my flesh are joined together that begin to fall apart. In Nigeria today,
many home have deviated from the original family setting of one man and one
wife as it was in the beginning of creation.
Faninan (1983) see monogamous families as the
universal form of the family relations, which exist, as a distinct and strongly
functional group in every known society. This system is much more popular today
in our society than before, the current high cost of living play no small part
in influencing the size of a man family. One man and one wife, seems to fit the
modern era of economic depression in Nigeria.
Ezewu
(1993) stated tat family is derived from marriage which is a production of
culture. As no culture is universal family patterns are bound to varies from
society leading to several kinds of family. Monogamous family set up is one of
the family type in Africa. Ezewu (1983) further refers to monogamous family as
a kind of family pattern when consist of husband and one wife at a time and
their children. It is sometime referred to as the nuclear family, it does not
includes any other person related to any of the member’s, this family pattern,
he further stated, is common in western countries of the world and to some
extent in some other areas of having contact in one way or the other with the
western world.
2.2
Polygamy Marriage system and their Effect on the
children Educational Performance.
It
has been investigated and found that student from polygamous home are always
emotionally disturbed and not properly cared for, as the counterpart from
monogamous home. This result to ill health and poor performance.
According to Hoffman (1966), in al society, the
nuclear family is the initial social matrix wither which personality is rooted
and nourished. It ensue continuity of children care and primacy of certain
relationship above all other children alone while the father’s may be lacking
in this case. When the father dies each mother avoiding to Doughs (1964), with
the support of their relatives will struggle to put their own sons in the
position of honor, with the result that the family breaks up into smaller
unit’s this is because there is no unity in the family. The relationship
between children and their parent matter a lot, this can affect the child in
his question from the child, which school mates or that which he may not be
free enough to ask the teacher.
According to Durijaye (1976), the
child from polygamous family receives only limited physical attention from their
parents with little personal or emotional interaction. The most of the time
will make the child emotionally unbalanced in the midst of their children of
his class and even age group. In support of this view Deville (1971) says,
intelligence should not be tested by the nature of dullness of the child as
poor performance can be due to some problem like unhealthy and the type of home
or school. Were the child belongs’ He also added that poor performance can be
as a result of some basic factors like home, school, physical and emotional
condition. Durijaye (1976). Again added that upbringing of child affect his or
her education. This is generally agreed that the child upbringing practice and
the relationship between parent and child are important aspect of the
educational socialization of child.
The family class, a child belong in the society also
affects his educational development. This status of parent affect the child’s
performance, whether rich or poor, educated or uneducated. This explains why
creview (1974) view that the particular class which the child’s presently
belong affect his education. This is an example of Jewish families, where he
said many families emphasize learning and intellectual accomplishment as a way
of life. “This will tend to make the parent encourage the children to take
their educational career seriously, Ndu (1979) support this by saying children
differ in their family background and early childhood experience. their parent
may range from wealthy to poor and from highly educated to illiterate.
Slimecca (1980) carried out an experiment or the
correlation between social background and scholastics achievement did not over
look this important factor in child academic performance. From this finding he
found out that there is a relationship between the social class and a child’s
educational performance that is why he says that if the out put of schooling is
measured by scores on naturally standardize achievement test, children of
parent with high education perform better than children of parent with poor
education. Another prominent problem of the family that affects the child’s
education is the situation of the home. A child that is from a where love is
not shown, will tend to do better in his academic than a child that is from the
home where there is always quarrelling. This is so because the child will not
devote all his attention on his academic work and this is usually the case with
polygamous family.
According to Skelrick (1963), most
case in which men take several wives, at least some of the wives suffer
intensely from jealously and many polygamous families are “strife torn” still
on the stage and conflict in the home, Santon (1980) says “ the chance of
conflicts, strife and disharmony are multiple in polygamous marriage. In
another way Wernik (1980) put his own view about situation obtained in a
polygamous home as the chances of strife and bickering, numerous enough in a
single marriage, multiply alarmingly in an plural one” In addition to what he
has said above, he says thus, as a result of what is obtained in the polygamous
homes and the economic and social pressure most persons in polygamous society
choose to remain monogamous with his situation in the house, a child of such
home is never happy and this will tend to affect the success of his education
career.
According to Inciardi (1918) as a primary group and
social unit, this family also provides protection. Shelter, support, placement
for the member, family play is the home of the child which plays an important
roles in his life before the school come in that is why a child from a well
settled home that receives all the care and love needed, will mostly perform
better than his counterpart from a polygamous home.
In conclusion, this type of family of this child,
affect his academic performance in the school. This is in term of polygamous
rich or poor, educated, uneducated, upper middle, lower class family.
2.4 Problem
Associated with Polygamy.
All the same, the multifarious problem associated with
polygamous can cause a lot of negative effect on the grown child. Sear and Kun
(1967) remarked that aggression in the child was related to disagreement
between the parents as well as to the severity of punishment by parent. Every
parent has a duty to perform in the in the upbringing of their children. The
child is taught good habit by both parents by example interacting and
co-operative with them the way the child behaves, under takes a task or assumes
responsibility. Depends on the type of training he has been given.
There
should be that parent-child relationship which must be free of hypocrisy,
flattering, lawlessness deceit and pretense. Farngon (1978). Made some finding
on the relationship between delinquency in children and their family
background. He found that marital disharmony and conflict among other factors
led to violent delinquency in children.
Detective parent-child relationship
can cause psychological maladjustment of the child. This is the sense that
parents fail to give the child love, securing direction and acceptance he needs.
According to Lovell, there are some symptom of maladjustment in children, they
include extreme restlessness, lying, cheating, soliloquizing inability to work
hard anything, tendency to bully other children, stubbornness truancy from home
to school.
Divorce
is the most dissuasions effect of polygamy`ous marriage. In some case divorce
may be orderly and co-operative effort on the part of two or more people to end
serious conflict in the marriage. But on the long run, it has a long lasting
effect on the child. In divorce, the children are trained by one parent either
the father or the mother, such that the absence of both parents living together
may be hazardous and affect the child psychologically or later in life. The
child may be left in the care of a step mother, old relations or a house help.
In short poster parent because the children are not originally their, seem
released or unconcerned about their proper upbringing. Some are harsh to such
children maltreating and restricting them. Such that they do not have any good
or adequate emotional or social growth. This lead to various societal problem
and inadequate development of child. A child with the effect of the divorce and
poor up bring may be engaged in social up heaves such as way ward ness drug and
alcohol addition.
2.5 The
family As a Socializing Agent
Throughout history, the family has been responsible
for transforming the young family into a social adult. This process being from
the time the child was born when the mother either picks her dried continually
or ignore him when he is crying. This process continue until when the concept
of the right and wrong is developed in life according to the parental and
societal expectation this makes the family to be now as the most influential
instrument of sanitization. Hence Skelnick (1963) says that in every society we
are expected to find family groups with same characteristics that is a man,
woman and children recognized as a distinct social unity set apart from other
such units, who share a living space and who are bound to one another by
affection.
2.6 Family
Size
Nisbat (1966) suggest that in the
large family there is has intensive interaction between parents and children
leading to a defect in verbal ability this can be interpreted as a result of
bad home condition and deficiencies in a child care within a very large family.
In general, children from smaller families do not show higher achievement,
motivation and academic performance than those from large families.
2.7 Attitudes and interest of parents toward
their child education.
There is no doubt that parent help to condition there
is attitude, a parent who shows complete disregard for education and literacy
may have some negative extent upon his child education progress.
According to Crows (1963), this treatment of a child
at home both before and during school years has marked effect on the child
personality and response to school, parent play an important role in the school
of their children life. That is why they need to have a positive influence on
the child.
According to Ndu (1979) the support and encouragement
the child receive from home varies, so also the amount of interest this parent
shows in the education. Searse al et, (1967), the contribution of
parent to the education of their children stem from the fact that, the home is
where the child’s physical and psychological needs are met. The way parent
cloth, feed and shelter their child and the way they protects the child from
disease and bad influence will affect the child’s education.
2.8 Summary
of the Review
From the related review, the
researcher looked into the effect of polygamous in marriage system on the
educational development of children in secondary school. Bardis (1964)
identifies some factors which brings about the institution of the polygamous
families. According to him, the existence of slavery facilitated the
introduction of concubines, the numerous with neighboring states, the desire
for reproduction and lasting, agriculture which is formed for large yield
production. It has been investigated that, the family class, a child belong in
the society has effect on the education development either rich, poor, educated
or uneducated. It also has been observed too that, the family size affects the
education of the child, the children from small sized families perform better
than those from the large family size. Polygamous marriage system can cause a
lot of negative effect on growing child, such as systematic maladjustment of
the child they include extreme restlessness, lying, cheating, talk to oneself,
disability to work hard in anything, stubbornness etc. Divorce is the most
disastrous effect of polygamous marriage.
Conclusively, the type of family of
the child, interest his academic performance in the school. There is rich, poor,
educated or uneducated, upper, middle or lower class, family.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the research design population,
sampling technique, instrument for data collection, validity, reliability,
procedure for data collection method of data analysis.
3.1 The Research Design
This is a study which is designed to cover the effects
of polygamy on children’s educational development in Isukwuato local government
area of Abia state. The research is basically a descriptive survey research.
3.2 Population of the Study
The target population for the research consists of 100
respondents drawn from ten (10) schools i.e. primary and secondary selected
schools in several autonomous communities in Isukwuato local government area.
The population was made up of teachers, students, educationists, supervisors of
schools and community leaders, etc
3.3
Sample and Sampling Technique
The researcher made use of a stratified random
sampling technique in the selection of the sample population which is made up
of 100 respondents.
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection
The researcher used questionnaire as the main
instrument for data collection. The questionnaire is made up of two sections A
and B section A was used to illicit information on the personal background of
the respondents while section B was used to answer the four research questions.
The questionnaire was constructed in the hiker scale type, four points rating
scale and analyzed with main scores this was however augmented with unstructured
oral interviews and observations. The researcher also reviewed books, articles
and journals relating to the project topic.
3.5 Validation
of the Instrument
After designing the questionnaire, the researcher sent
it to the project supervisor who proof-read it and finally face validated it
for production and administration.
3.6 Reliability
of the Instrument
The questionnaire was administered to 20 respondents
in the sample area to establish its reliability. The result obtained from the
reliability test showed that the items on the questionnaire could be understood
and easily related by the respondents.
3.7 Method
of data collection.
A total of 100 copies of the questionnaire were
constructed. The researchers went round, distributed them and collected the completed
copies for analysis. The researcher also sought the seasoned opinions of
experts in the area through oral interviews. He also reviewed books, cortiles,
and journals relating to the project topic.
3.8 Method
of data Analysis.
The data collection were analyzed using the liker type
four point rating scale and values assigned to them as follows
- Strongly Agree - (SA) - Appoints
- Agree (A) - 3 points
- Disagree (D) - 2 points
- Strongly Disagree - (SD) - 1 point.
The mean of the above score was obtained using
formula.
X = Fx
N
In
order to arrive at an acceptability result, the raw scores were collected and
analyzed thus;
Mean = 4
+ 3 + 2 + 1
4
= 10
4
= 2.5
From
the working above, any mean score below 2.5 was regarded as disagree while any
mean from 2.5 and above was regarded as agree.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PRESENTATION/ANALYSIS
OF RESULT
This chapter contains the analysis of the data
collected based on the research questions in tables.
Research Question1
What is the level of educational development of
children from polygamous families. The responses of the respondents are
presented in the table 1 below
Table
1 – Responses on the level of educational development of children from
polygamous families.
Frequency
and Weightings
Research Question 2
What
is the effect of polygamous marriage system on the educational development of
children?
Frequency
and Weightings
Research Question 3
Does
the size of polygamous families affect the educational development of children?
Research Question 4
What
is the attitude and interest of polygamous families towards the education of
their children?
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
The chapter discusses the investigations carried out
in the previous chapter and it curtains recommendation based on the findings.
The discussions is in the following
stages types of family structure and performance parent child relationship and
performance while recommendation are for teachers, pupil/students, parents and
policy makers
5.1 Conclusions
Ashley et al (1977) said that a
child is born, knowing of ways of his society but having the potential to learn
them. He claimed that it is the functions or duty of the parents to maintain
good relationship with their children, to be able to improve them with
psychological needs and security. Lack or absent of which result into low self
esteem or lack of self realization.
Children from monogamous homes
usually have good relationship with their parents and this will definitely have
a positive effect on their academic performance. Children from this kind of
home spend with parents and parents watch and monitor their progress. In a
polygamous home parents show less concern and interest in the academic progress
of their children, since they always busy trying to make ends meet. More so,
pressure from all the many wives and children wear the parents out.
Concussively, it can be inferred
that most students/pupil that hail from polygamous homes land to perform
poorly.
5.2 Summary
of the Findings
Based on the data collected and
analyzed, the following were the findings. The data were based on four research
questions.
For research question 1, which was
on what is the level of educational development of children from polygamous
families? The total mean score was 3.4 showing that the items presented were
accepted.
For research question 2 which was on
what is the effect of polygamous marriage system on the educational development
of children, the total mean score for all the 7 items used showed a 3.4%.
For research question 3, which was
on whether the size of polygamous families affect the educational development
of children. A total of 7 items were used to illicit responses from respondents
and the mean score showed 3.2%
For research question 4 which was on
what is the attitude and interest of polygamous families towards the education
of their children. A total of 6 questionnaire items was used revealing a total
of 3.3%.
5.3 Implications
of the Study
This study would do the following:
i. It
would help policy planners to implement the national guideline on guidance and
counseling to help the educationally disadvantaged child
ii. It
would help parents to recognize the need to a stronger relationship with their
child knowing its effect on the child
iii. It
would help students who are victims to cope with the challenges of polygamous
upbringing.
5.4 Recommendation
The researcher recommend the
following
- Teacher
should be aware of the fact that children are from varied background therefore
individual attention should be given to them to aid mental, emotional,
psychological and social development.
- Teaches
should encourage pupils to do extra study by giving them home works or tutorial
questions
- Parents
should be invited to discuss the academic Performance of children.
- Guidance
and counseling services should be made compulsory in schools.
- Parents
should build good relationships with their wards.
5.5 Recommendation for Further Study
The researcher recommends further work on the
following
- Girl
child education in Isukwuato Benefits and challenges
- Poor
male Enrolment
- Causes
and Solutions.
REFERENCES
Fafunwa, A. B. (1979) History of Education in Nigeria.
London, George Allen and Urwin
Adetoro, S. A. (2004) Education for special target
groups Longman Ibadan
Adebayo, K. (2004) Functional Approach to Adolescent
Physiology. Longman Ibadan
Atere, A. (1997) Introduction to Sociology of
Education. Ibadan, Emmi Press
Avonseh, O. (1983). The influence of sociological and
psychological factors on the Academic performance of secondary school
beginners. Journal of Education leadership Vol. 1 pg 12-17
Falodun (2002) Family and behavioural correlates of
dependence on male children. Sp press Lagos
Orukotain, A. T. and Oladipo A. S. (1992) Fundamentals
of pre-primary and primary education. Ibukun press. Oshogbo.
Olatunji W. and Akeusola, B. N. (2002) Issues and
Problems of National development Ikeja Peeja Pub.
Olatunyi Wale (1990) social Basis for national
reconstruction. Umpires Press (Nig) Plc. Ibadan.
Shoremi et al (1999) the science of society: A
sociological introduction. Ibadan umpires
Salami. I. (2002) sociology of Education Akune, Olukin
Pub.
Morris, J. (1972) The sociology of Education. London
Genge Allen and Union Ltd.
APPENDIX A
EFFECTS OF POLYGAMY ON CHILDREN’S EDUCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT IN ISUKWUATO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ABIA STATE
Instruction: Tick (
) as appropriate
S/N
|
Questionnaire
items
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
1
|
Wards from polygamous homes are jobless and
unemployed due to poor educational background.
|
||||
2
|
Their interest is in inheritance and family rivalry
is high
|
||||
3
|
They prefer trade to schooling
|
||||
4
|
Most of them are street hawkers
|
||||
5
|
Truancy is a common feature
|
||||
6
|
They have learning challenges
|
||||
7
|
Some end up as drop outs
|
||||
8
|
Most don’t cross the primary school level
|
||||
9
|
Some are illiterates
|
||||
10
|
Wards compete unhealthily in school.
|
||||
11
|
It breads low productivity in life.
|
||||
12
|
It can cause personal frustration and hardship
|
||||
13
|
Individuals can indulge in negative vices in
life
|
||||
14
|
Parents are not able to provide love and affection
|
||||
15
|
Unhealthy family feud affects academic
|
||||
16
|
Parents have divided attention
|
||||
17
|
There is absence of essential needs in the home
|
||||
18
|
Male is low
|
||||
19
|
Absenteeism and truancy are common features
|
||||
20
|
There is no motivation and inspiration at home
|
TOPIC
EFFECTS OF POLYGAMY ON CHILDREN’S
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ISUKWUATO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ABIA STATE
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
SOCIAL STUDIES/PRIMARY EDUCATION STUDIES
NATIONAL TEACHER’S INSTITUTE (NTI)
KADUNA, GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL ABAKALIKI STUDY CENTER.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NIGERIA
CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (NCE)