ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of
experiential teaching approach on pupils’ achievement in basic science and
technology in selected primary schools in Onueke Education Zone of Ebonyi
State. The study adopted a pretest posttest, quasi experimental research
design. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. A
total of 426 pupils from 6 intact classes were used for the study. Three intact
classes were assigned to treatment group while the other three intact classes
were assigned to the control group. The treatment group was taught Basic
Science and Technology (BST) using the experiential teaching method while
control group was taught using the conventional teaching method.
A basic
Science and Technology Achievement Test (BSAT) developed by the researcher with
spearman reliability co-efficient of 0.77 and internal consistency of 0.87
determined using the KR20 approach was used for data collection. and Analysis
of Covariance (ANCOVA) to test the hypotheses. The research questions were answered
using adjusted mean and standard deviations. The result revealed that there was a significant
different between pupils taught basic
science and technology using experiential teaching approach and those taught
basic science and technology using the traditional (Conventional) teaching
approach with experiential teaching approach being more facilitative. Again,
there was no significant difference between male and female pupils taught basic
science and technology using experiential teaching approach. Finally, it was
found that there were no interaction effects between gender and methods on
achievement in basic science and technology. It was therefore recommended among
others that teachers of primary schools should adopt experiential teaching
approach in teaching basic science and technology in the study area to ensure
hands-on-activities and thereby contributing to enhanced achievement.
EFFECT OF EXPERIENTIAL TEACHING APPROACH ON PUPILS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN
BASIC SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND COMPUTER EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
- - - - - - - - ii
Approval - - - - - - - - iii
Certification - - - - - - - - iv
Dedication- - - - - - - - - v
Acknowledgment- - - - - - - - vi
Table
of content - - - - - - - vii
List
of Tables - - - - - - -
Abstract
- - - - - - - - - x
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study---------------------------------------------------------- 1
Statement of the
problem---------------------------------------------------------- 14
Purpose of the
study---------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Significance of the
study----------------------------------------------------------- 16
Scope of the
study-------------------------------------------------------------------18
Research
questions------------------------------------------------------------------19
Hypotheses----------------------------------------------------------------------------19
CHAPTER
TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual
framework--------------------------------------------------------------20
Experiential Learning----------------------------------------------------------------20
Criteria for selecting level of
experience----------------------------------------24
Principles of analogy or
association----------------------------------------------25
Principle of mental
set--------------------------------------------------------------- 25
Retention of learning
_---------------------------------------------------------------26
Strategies for facilitating
retention------------------------------------------------27
Meaningfulness and organization of
subject matter--------------------------27
Association------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Learning by
practice------------------------------------------------------------------28
Use of Mnemonic Device-----------------------------------------------------------29
Imagery(Audio-visual Aids)------------------------------------------------------- 29
Self
Recitation----------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
Transfer of learning----------------------------------------------------------------- 30
Life Skill------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32
Gender Sensitivity------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
Pupils’
participation----------------------------------------------------------------- 36
Experiential learning
model------------------------------------------------------ 41
Davis model of experiential
learning------------------------------------------- 41
Diamonds model of experiential
learning-------------------------------------
42
Theoretical Frame Work----------------------------------------------------------- 49
Experiential learning theory------------------------------------------------------- 49
John Dewey’s Theory of
Experience------------------------------------------- 50
Interaction---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
Piagetian Theory of Cognitive
Development--------------------------------- 53
Brunerian
theory-------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
Kurt Lewin Cognitive Field Theory and Motivation-------------------------- 62
Theory of Transfer------------------------------------------------------------------ 65
Generalization----------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
Theory of Identical Elements----------------------------------------------------- 65
Formal Disciplines----------------------------------------------------------------- 66
Theory of
transposition----------------------------------------------------------- 67
Theory of learning to
learn------------------------------------------------------ 68
Review of Empirical Studies---------------------------------------------------- 68
Summary of Reviewed Related Literature------------------------------------- 88
CHAPTER
THREE: METHODOLOGY
Research Design----------------------------------------------------------------------90
Area of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
Population of the
Study------------------------------------------------------------ 91
Sample and Sampling Techniques---------------------------------------------- 91
Instrument for Data Collection---------------------------------------------------- 91
Validation of the Instrument------------------------------------------------------- 92
Reliability of the Instrument------------------------------------------------------- 93
Experimental Procedure----------------------------------------------------------- 93
Control of extraneous
variable--------------------------------------------------- 94
Method of Data Collection--------------------------------------------------------- 95
Method of Data Analysis----------------------------------------------------------- 95
CHAPTER
FOUR: RESULTS
Research Question 1--------------------------------------------------------------- 96
Research Question 2
-------------------------------------------------------------- 96
Research Question 3 -------------------------------------------------------------- 97
Hypotheses--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
Summary of Findings--------------------------------------------------------------100
CHAPTER
FIVE: DISCUSSION
The effect of experiential teaching
approach on
pupils’ mean achievement in basic
science---------------------------- 101
The effect of experiential teaching
approaches on male and
female
pupil’s----------------------------------------------------------------- 104
The interaction effects of method and
gender on pupils’
achievement in basic science---------------------------------------------
105
CHAPTER
SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the Study-------------------------------------------------------
107
Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------108
Recommendations------------------------------------------------------------ 109
Educational Implications----------------------------------------------------- 110
Limitations of the
study------------------------------------------------------- 112
Suggestions for further
research------------------------------------------- 112
REFERENCES----------------------------------------------------------------- 113
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Experimental instructional package (for treatment)--------- 119
Appendix II: Conventional instructional package (for control Group)---- 125
Appendix III: Item Analysis of Basic
Science and Technology
Achievement Test------------------------------------------------129
Appendix IIIB: Distraction Index (DI)------------------------------------
130
Appendix IV: Table of specification for BSAT------------------------ 134
Appendix V: Model Experiential lesson Note------------------------135
Appendix VI: Basic Science and Technology Achievement
Test
(BSAT)------------------------------------------------ 138
Appendix VII: Reliability Test of the Instrument (Stability)---------------
142
Appendix VIII: Reliability test of the BSAT instrument using
the KR20
Approach--------------------------------------------143
LIST
OF TABLES
Table 1: Table
of content…………………………………….………….i
Table 2: Learning styles……………………………………………….46
Table 3: Mean
and Standard deviation of achievement scores
of pupils taught
using experiential and conventional
teaching methods…………………….………………………96
Table 4:
Mean achievement scores and standard
deviation of
male and female pupils taught
Basic Science
and technology using the
experiential
teaching approach. ……………………….…97
Table 5: Summary
of interaction effect between
gender and
teaching method on pupils’ mean
achievement in
basic science and Technology……………97
Table 6: Analysis
of co-variance for pupils’ overall
Basic Science
and technology
achievement
scores by teaching methods
and gender…………………………………………….………..98
Table 7: Analysis
of Co-variance for overall achievement for
experiential
teaching method by gender………………….…99