STUDY METHODOLOGY OF BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM ON BUSINESS STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
            This chapter presents the procedures for carrying out the study under the following sub-headings: research design, area of the study, population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, instrument for data collection, validation of the instrument, reliability of the instrument, method of data collection and method of data analysis.

Design of the Study
The descriptive survey design will be employed for this study. Descriptive survey design, according to Abonyi, Okereke, Omebe and Anugwo (2006), is the research design in which data are collected from a small sample of a large population to enable the researcher describe in a very systematic manner and interpret  characteristic features and facts about things that exist. Descriptive survey design is suitable for this study because it will enable the researcher gather information from a sample of the population of this study and analyze same as they exist to aid in determining the adequacy of human and material resources for the implementation of the upper basic education curriculum on business studies.
Area of the Study
This study will be conducted in Ebonyi State. The choice of Ebonyi State stems from the fact that it is just emerging from educational disadvantage and, human and material resources may not be adequate for the implementation of the basic education curriculum on business studies.
Ebonyi State is situated in the South East Nigeria. It is comprised of thirteen (13) local government areas split into three (3) education zones, namely Abakaliki, Afikpo  and Onueke. Abakaliki zone comprises Abakaliki, Ebonyi , Izzi and Ohaukwu local government areas; Afikpo zone comprises Afikpo North, Afikpo South, Ivo, Ohaozara and Onicha local government areas; while Onueke zone comprises Ezza North, Ezza South, Ikwo and Ishielu local government areas.

Population of the Study
The population of this study will comprise all business studies teachers in both public and private junior secondary schools in the three education zones in Ebonyi State. Hence the population is made up of two hundred and forty-one (241) business studies teachers distributed thus: Abakaliki zone: public Jss-47 teachers, private Jss-56 teachers, total-103; Afikpo zone: public Jss-36 teachers, private Jss-35 teachers, total-71; Onueke zone: ­­­public Jss-32 teachers, private Jss-35 teachers,  total-67. These figures are presented in detail in table 2 below.

Table 2: Population of Business Studies Teachers in Public & Private JSS in Ebonyi State


No. of Business Studies Teachers
S/N
Local Government Area
Public JSS
Private JSS
Total
1
Abakaliki
5
18
23
2
Ebonyi
18
6
24
3
Izzi
11
7
18
4
Ohaukwu
13      47
25      56
38    103
5
Afikpo North
16
8
24
6
Afikpo South
4
-
4
7
Ivo
4
3
7
8
Ohaozara
9
12
21
9
Onicha
3      36
12      35
15     71
10
Ezza North
8
6
14
11
Ezza South
8
13
21
12
Ikwo
6
5
11
13
Ishielu
10      32
11      35
21     67

Grand Total
         115
       126
        241

 Source: Ebonyi State Universal Basic Education Board (JSS Section)



Sample and Sampling Techniques
All the two hundred and forty-one (241) business studies teachers in both public and private JSS in Ebonyi State will be used for the study. Hence, there will be no sampling.
Instrument for Data Collection
            The instrument that will be used to collect data for this study is a structured questionnaire titled Human and Material Resources Required for the Implementation of Basic Education Curriculum on Business Studies (HAMRRIBECOBS). The questionnaire is made up of eighty (80) items constructed by the researcher. The questionnaire has two sections – A and B. Whereas section A consists of nine (9) items seeking personal and demographic information from the respondents, section B comprises seventy - one (71) items arranged in four clusters.
Cluster one, which is subdivided into typewriting, shorthand, office practice/ general, commerce and bookkeeping, seeks to establish the level of adequacy of school facilities for the implementation of basic education curriculum on business studies. Cluster two is intended for the collection of data on the adequacy of the quantity of business studies teachers. Cluster three deals with the adequacy of the quality of business studies teachers. Cluster four is focused on the adequacy of business studies curriculum compliant textbooks.
The instrument has a response mode of Very highly Adequate (4 points), Highly Adequate (3 points), Lowly Adequate (2 points) and Very Lowly Adequate (1 point). Refer to Appendix 1.

Validation of the Instrument
 The validity of the instrument was established by subjecting the draft instrument to face validity of three (3) experts in faculty of education in Ebonyi State University (precisely drawn from Business Education and Educational Measurement and Evaluation Departments). The draft had eighty – six (86) items numbered serially from section A to section B. During the validation exercise: some items were restructured for clarity; one item was added to section A to come up to nine (9) items, seven (7) items were dropped from section B; and the remaining seventy – one (71) items in section B were renumbered separately from section A (that is 1-71).
Reliability of the Instrument
After effecting corrections as recommended by the validators, the instrument which contained seventy – one (71) items was administered to a small group of twenty – five (25) respondents from Enugu in Enugu State in a field testing study. Enugu State was chosen to avoid interaction of the respondents for the trial testing with those of the main study. Again, Enugu Sate is a neighboring state with similar features with Ebonyi State.
 Data collected from the field study were used to compute the reliability coefficient index using Cronbach Alpha Approach. A reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained for the instrument which was adjudged as having high internal consistency and as reliable for use for the study. Refer to appendix II.
Method of Data Collection
The Researcher will employ the services of three (3) research assistants who will be trained on the method of administration and collection of the questionnaire. The researcher will act as the overall supervisor of the data collection exercise. On-the- spot administration and collection will be adopted. The respondents will be encouraged to complete and return the questionnaire   on –the-spot in order to ensure maximum return.
Method of Data Analysis
Data will be analyzed using mean ( x ), standard deviation and t-test. Mean ( x ) and standard deviation will be used to answer the research questions posed for the study while t-test will be used to test the hypotheses. A mean (x) of  2.50, arrived at by determining the midpoint of the four (4) scale instrument (4+3+2+1=10/4=2.50 ) will be the cut – off point or benchmark.   
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