CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This
chapter presents the procedures for carrying out the study under the following
sub-headings: research design, area of the study, population of the study,
sample and sampling techniques, instrument for data collection, validation of
the instrument, reliability of the instrument, method of data collection and
method of data analysis.
Design of the Study
The descriptive survey design will be employed for
this study. Descriptive survey design, according to Abonyi, Okereke, Omebe and
Anugwo (2006), is the research design in which data are collected from a small
sample of a large population to enable the researcher describe in a very
systematic manner and interpret
characteristic features and facts about things that exist. Descriptive
survey design is suitable for this study because it will enable the researcher
gather information from a sample of the population of this study and analyze
same as they exist to aid in determining the adequacy of human and material
resources for the implementation of the upper basic education curriculum on
business studies.
Area of the Study
This study will be conducted in Ebonyi State.
The choice of Ebonyi
State stems from the fact
that it is just emerging from educational disadvantage and, human and material
resources may not be adequate for the implementation of the basic education
curriculum on business studies.
Ebonyi State is situated in the South East Nigeria. It is
comprised of thirteen (13) local government areas split into three (3)
education zones, namely Abakaliki, Afikpo
and Onueke. Abakaliki zone comprises Abakaliki, Ebonyi , Izzi and
Ohaukwu local government areas; Afikpo zone comprises Afikpo North, Afikpo
South, Ivo, Ohaozara and Onicha local government areas; while Onueke zone
comprises Ezza North, Ezza South, Ikwo and Ishielu local government areas.
Population of the Study
The population of this study will comprise all
business studies teachers in both public and private junior secondary schools
in the three education zones in Ebonyi
State. Hence the population
is made up of two hundred and forty-one (241) business studies teachers
distributed thus: Abakaliki zone: public Jss-47 teachers, private Jss-56
teachers, total-103; Afikpo zone: public Jss-36 teachers, private Jss-35
teachers, total-71; Onueke zone: public Jss-32 teachers, private Jss-35
teachers, total-67. These figures are
presented in detail in table 2 below.
Table
2: Population of Business Studies Teachers in Public & Private JSS in Ebonyi State
No.
of Business Studies Teachers
|
||||
S/N
|
Local
Government Area
|
Public
JSS
|
Private
JSS
|
Total
|
1
|
Abakaliki
|
5
|
18
|
23
|
2
|
Ebonyi
|
18
|
6
|
24
|
3
|
Izzi
|
11
|
7
|
18
|
4
|
Ohaukwu
|
13 47
|
25 56
|
38 103
|
5
|
Afikpo North
|
16
|
8
|
24
|
6
|
Afikpo South
|
4
|
-
|
4
|
7
|
Ivo
|
4
|
3
|
7
|
8
|
Ohaozara
|
9
|
12
|
21
|
9
|
Onicha
|
3 36
|
12 35
|
15 71
|
10
|
Ezza North
|
8
|
6
|
14
|
11
|
Ezza South
|
8
|
13
|
21
|
12
|
Ikwo
|
6
|
5
|
11
|
13
|
Ishielu
|
10 32
|
11 35
|
21 67
|
Grand Total
|
115
|
126
|
241
|
|
Source: Ebonyi State
Universal Basic Education Board (JSS Section)
Sample and Sampling Techniques
All the two hundred and forty-one (241) business
studies teachers in both public and private JSS in Ebonyi State
will be used for the study. Hence, there will be no sampling.
Instrument
for Data Collection
The instrument that will be used to collect data for
this study is a structured questionnaire titled Human and Material Resources
Required for the Implementation of Basic Education Curriculum on Business
Studies (HAMRRIBECOBS). The questionnaire is made up of eighty (80) items
constructed by the researcher. The questionnaire has two sections – A and B.
Whereas section A consists of nine (9) items seeking personal and demographic
information from the respondents, section B comprises seventy - one (71) items
arranged in four clusters.
Cluster one, which is subdivided into typewriting,
shorthand, office practice/ general, commerce and bookkeeping, seeks to
establish the level of adequacy of school facilities for the implementation of
basic education curriculum on business studies. Cluster two is intended for the
collection of data on the adequacy of the quantity of business studies
teachers. Cluster three deals with the adequacy of the quality of business
studies teachers. Cluster four is focused on the adequacy of business studies
curriculum compliant textbooks.
The instrument has a response mode of Very highly
Adequate (4 points), Highly Adequate (3 points), Lowly Adequate (2 points) and
Very Lowly Adequate (1 point). Refer to Appendix 1.
Validation of the Instrument
The validity of
the instrument was established by subjecting the draft instrument to face
validity of three (3) experts in faculty of education in Ebonyi State
University (precisely
drawn from Business Education and Educational Measurement and Evaluation
Departments). The draft had eighty – six (86) items numbered serially from
section A to section B. During the validation exercise: some items were
restructured for clarity; one item was added to section A to come up to nine
(9) items, seven (7) items were dropped from section B; and the remaining
seventy – one (71) items in section B were renumbered separately from section A
(that is 1-71).
Reliability of the Instrument
After effecting corrections as recommended by the
validators, the instrument which contained seventy – one (71) items was
administered to a small group of twenty – five (25) respondents from Enugu in Enugu
State in a field testing
study. Enugu State was chosen to avoid interaction of
the respondents for the trial testing with those of the main study. Again,
Enugu Sate is a neighboring state with similar features with Ebonyi State.
Data collected
from the field study were used to compute the reliability coefficient index
using Cronbach Alpha Approach. A reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained
for the instrument which was adjudged as having high internal consistency and
as reliable for use for the study. Refer to appendix II.
Method of Data Collection
The Researcher will employ the services of three (3)
research assistants who will be trained on the method of administration and
collection of the questionnaire. The researcher will act as the overall
supervisor of the data collection exercise. On-the- spot administration and
collection will be adopted. The respondents will be encouraged to complete and
return the questionnaire on –the-spot
in order to ensure maximum return.
Method of Data Analysis
Data
will be analyzed using mean ( x ), standard deviation and t-test. Mean ( x )
and standard deviation will be used to answer the research questions posed for
the study while t-test will be used to test the hypotheses. A mean (x) of 2.50, arrived at by determining the midpoint
of the four (4) scale instrument (4+3+2+1=10/4=2.50 ) will be the cut – off
point or benchmark.
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