This chapter explains how the
researcher carried out the research project under the following sub-heading:
3.1 COLLECTION
OF DATA
Data collected were primary and secondary data. The
method of collecting the primary data and techniques adopted includes:
1.
Primary health
care financing description questionnaire (PHCFDQ)
2.
Adults of
both male and female of the study areas.
3.
In terms of
educational qualification, people with first school leaving certificate (FSLC)
and above were involved.
3.2 TECHNIQUES
FOR DATA COLLECTION
The sampling techniques used in this research work was
simple random sampling. According to Borg and Gall (1998,3:137). Random
sampling is a method in which every individual in the defined population has an
equal and independent chance of being selected as a member of the sample as a
representative of the population from which they are drawn.
3.3 SOURCES
OF DATA
Data for this research work was primary and
secondarily sourced. The primary data was sourced through questionnaire that
was carefully designed and distributed by the researcher to the respondent.
With respect to secondary data, the researcher consulted several published and
unpublished books, journals/periodicals, paper delivered in seminar/workshop,
newspaper/magazines and official documents (i.e. government and
non-governmental organizations official documents with relevant ideas) as well
as information down loaded form the various websites of the UNICEF, WHO,
ministry of health in Nigeria via internet. All these were aimed at gathering
necessary information needed in the study.
3.4 DESIGN
OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
The instrument in the study is a structural
questionnaire titled: “primary health care financing’ (A case study of Ezeagu
Local Government Area, Enugu State).
400 copies of the questionnaire were
distributed to the respondents. The researcher went to the location of the
study to distribute the copies of the questionnaire.
The researcher designed the
questionnaire in such a way that the respondents will not find it difficult to
fill in the answers. The questionnaire is divided into two section A and b.
Respondents are expected to indicate
by ticking (√) to option to which or she agrees with the statement made in
items: 1-5. Section A brought information on the personnel data of respondent
while section B were information related to the research study.
3.5 LOCATION
OF THE STUDY
In Enugu state, there are three senatorial zones viz:
i.
Enugu North
ii.
Enugu East
iii.
Enugu West
A local government area is selected from each of the
senatorial zones namely Ezeagu, Udi, and Nkanu Local Government Area for the
purpose of the study.
3.6 POPULATION
OF THE STUDY
According to the 2006 National population census, the
Local Governments Areas have the following population as contained in the table.
This formed the study of the population for the study.
The population distribution table is
presented below:
Table
3.1 population Distribution.
|
Locality
|
Population
|
Percentage %
|
|
Ezeogu
|
195,555
|
30.2
|
|
Udi
|
241,
969
|
33.2
|
|
Nkanu
|
236,609
|
36.6
|
|
Total
|
647,133
|
100
|
Source:
National population commission, Enugu State.
3.7 SAMPLE
SIZE DETERMINATION
In determining the sample size of the study, Yaro
Yamani, (1964:280) formula was used. The formula is given as follows:
N = n
1 + Ne2
Where
n = Sample size
N = population size
I = constant
E = Error limit or
margin of error of level of Significant (accepted error at 5% i.e. 0.05)
N = 647,133
1 + 647133 (0.05)2
= 647,133
1+ 647, 133 (0.0025)
= 647,133
1+ 1617.80
= 647,133
1618.8 =
399.8
= 400 approximately
Therefore, the sample size is 400. The determination
of each of the areas sample size is resented below; the three (3) sample are:
i. Ezeagu: 30. 2 x 400 = 120.8 = 121
100
1
ii. Udi: 33.2 x 400 = 132.8 = 133
100 1
iii. Nkanu: 33.6 x 400 = 146.4 = 146
100
1
Table 3.2 sample size distribution
|
Locality
|
Sample Size
|
Percentage %
|
|
Ezeagu
|
121
|
300
|
|
Udi
|
133
|
33
|
|
Nkanu
|
146
|
37
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
3.8 DATA
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
The chi-square method of data analysis was used to
analyze data in this research work and also testing the hypothesis declared. The
formula:
X2 = Σ( 0i – Ei)2
Ei
Where,
X2 = chi-square
Oi = sum of observed frequency
Ei = Expected frequency
Degree
of freedom was also adopted based on the questionnaire. The formula: df = ( R-1) (C-1)
Where,
df = degree of freedom
r = number of rows
c = number of columns
Degree of freedom are those components of chi-square,
which are free to vary randomly and independently once the boarder has been
provided.
In obtaining the chi-square, the
degree of freedom and the level of significance are considered very important.
The levels of significance(s) are given in the chi-square table below in the
appendix when the appropriate degree of freedom and the level of significance
have been determined, the chi-square will be found by taking the value that
corresponds to the particular degree of freedom and the level of significance.
Decision Rule
The decision rule emerges from the
comparison of the calculated chi-square (X2 cal) and the tabulated
(i.e. if x2 cal <X2 tab), then we accept the null
hypothesis (H0), but on the contrary, if x2 calculated is
greater than x2 tabulated (i.e if x2 cal> x2
tab), then we accept the alternative hypothesis (H1) and reject the
null hypothesis.
REFERENCES
Borg,
W. & Gall (1983), Educational Research an Introduction. Fourth Edition, New York Longman Inc.
Yamani,
Yaro, (1964), statistics, an Introduction Analysis. Third Edition, New York, Harpen and Row Publishing Limited.