The sociology of knowledge about
Kari Mannheim is the study of the relationship between thought
and the social context within
which it arise and of the effects prevailing
ideas have on society. It is not a specialized area of sociology but
instead deals with broad fundamental
questions about the extent and limits of special influences on individuals live and the social
–cultural basics of our
knowledge about the world.
The
sociology of knowledge was
pioneered primarily by the sociologists Emil Durkheim and Marcerl
mans at the end of the 19th
and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Their word deal
directly with how
conceptual through language and logic
could be influenced by the sociological milieu out of which they arise.
“Primitive” group mythology to argue that system of classification are
collectively based and that the division with these systems are derived form
social categories.
Karl Mannheim ideas in believed
that relativism was a strange mixture of modern and ancient beliefs
in that it contained within itself a belief
in an absolute truth which was true for all times and place the ancient view most often associated with Plato and condemned other truth claims
because they could not achieve
this level.
ACCORDING
TO KARL MANNHEIM( 1893-1947)
According to Plato in the study of knowledge: knowledge is called epistemology Plato famously
defined knowledge as “justified
true belief however, no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists
through there are numerous theories to explain it. The
following quote form Bertrand Russell’s theory of knowledge” illustrates
the difficulty in defining knowledge:
the question how knowledge should
be defined as perhaps the most important and
difficult of the three with which we shall deal.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive
process perception, communication, association and reasoning while knowledge is
also said to be related to the capacity
of acknowledgment for human being
ACCORDING
TO PLATO ( 427BC – 347BC)
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or
something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills
acquired through experiences or education,
it can refer to the
theoretical or practical understanding of
a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise ) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject ), it can be more or less formal or systematic
(1) in philosophy, the study of
knowledge is called epistemology; the
philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as “justified true belief”.
However, no single agreed upon definition of
knowledge exists, through there are numerous theories to explain
it. The
following quote from Bertrand Russell’s “theory of knowledge” illustrates the difficulty in defining knowledge”
Knowledge
acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication,
association and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be
related to the capacity of acknowledgment
in human beings (2)
Theories of knowledge
Robert Reid, knowledge (1896). Thomas
Jefferson building, Washington, D.C
Knowledge is
like a rough diamond will never be worn
or shone, if it is not polished lord chesterfield
Knowledge is
like a fire which must finish be kindled
by some external agent, but which will after wants propagate itself
Samuel Johnson letter to Williams Drummond August 23, 1766
The knowledge of
man is like the waters some descending form above, and some springing
from beneath the one informed by the
light of nature the other inspired by
divine revelation Francis Bacon
Knowledge is a
familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information,
descriptions or skills acquired through experience or education. It can be
implicit as with practical skill or expertise) or explicitly (as with the
theoretical understanding of a subject
and it can be more or less formal or systematic.
There are no
limits to his knowledge, on small subject as well as great ) he is
like a book in breeches Sydney Smith
Abt Macaulay
Follow knowledge, like a sinking
star beyond the utmost bound of
human thought Alfred Lord Tennyson
Facts
information and skills acquired through experience or education
the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject
ROBERT
REID, (1896)
According to Emil Durkheim seen that sociology
knowledge is the study of the
relationship between human thought
and the social context within which it
arises and of the effect prevailing ideas have on societies.
It is not a
specialized area of sociology but
instead deals with broad fundamental
questions about the extent and limited
of social influences on individual lives and the social culture basics
of our knowledge about the world. While neither author specifically coined nor
used the term sociology of knowledge their work is an important first
contribution to the field.
The ideas of Emil Durkherim is concern in
functional analysis in involved in
valv-judgments and oversteps and
oversteps the realm of empirical
discipline the claiming that all aspects
of a society institution roles norms etc
should serve a purpose and that all are indiscipline the claiming that
all aspects of a society institution
roles norms etc should serve a purpose and that all are indispensable
for the long time survival of the society., (1938-17) Emil claimed that the standard of ethical conduct should come from social
facts., our ideas of ethics must be derived form the observable manifestation of
the rule that are functioning under our
eyes, rules that reproduce them in systematic form (1938-23).
ACCORDING
TO EMIL DURKHEIM (1933-17)
According to Marx Weber it is possible to say
anything useful and general about the
subject matter and scope of sociology could
we say for i.e the sociology is the discipline that uses empirical methods to arrive at hypotheses and theories
about major social groups, social
processes and social patterns or does a definition like this suffer from both too much abstraction and too much
specificity.
The philosophy are interested in considering general question like these because it
reflects a basic intellectual strategy
with a long tradition in philosopher to attempt to formulate a description
or definition of a certain kind of intellectual pursuit and then
to consider the means through which
this goal might be satisfied.
The ideas of
Marx Weber is interest about the must be traced to the life-condition and the historical
situations of those who uphold them. For
examples its not sufficient to state that the ideas of bourgeoisie distinction must be make between those ideas
that emerge at the beginning of the
bourgeois era and those that come at it height.
ACCORDING
TO MARX WEBER (1946-1949)
In sociology deals with the social and group origins of ideas in its brief history as a
field of study it has included the
entire ideational realm (knowledge ideas, theories and mentalities) in an attempt to comprehend hold that realm
is related to particular social and how
the mental life of a group of people arise within the context of the groups and institutions in which those people live and act.
Moreover recently its
subjected matter has included not only a society’s authoritative ideas and formal knowledge but also which operate
in the realm of everyday life (Swidler A.
Arditi) ideas of the social natural of knowledge the sociology of knowledge has been described as an approach or sub-discipline that has no unified field
but only series of theoretical works and
research agendas. Despite this characterization
the sub-discipline of the
sociology of knowledge is a recognized field of endeavor that continues to draw new generations of sociologist .
ACCORDING
TO SWIDLER A. ARDITI (1994-2003)
According to
merton-1945-1957 is that sociology
of knowledge its a study
only are insofar as it
explains the time and
circumstance of its emergence, acceptance or observation.
It can be sad lesson is the importance of the human
spirit. Mannherims sociology of knowledge in contrast has a
dual program on the one hand, it
may limit itself to scheler’s alongside of this value –free conception of
relations between organized claims about the truth of things and the social activity environment such cultural production
massive fact that any philosophical theory of
knowledge must recognize and
that the sociology of knowledge
consequently come upon central epistemological and metaphysical problem of knowledge even if it begins with the more
modest ambitions in the manner of academic sociology.
The Merton idea was concern the
present chapter will not retry
the philosophical case frequently made against we are
content to reopened, most recently in
the name of most structuralize and postmodernist movement of thought.
We proceed to a
reconstruction of sociology of knowledge secure in the belief that
he is exemplary in his honesty
about difficulties encountered in the attempt to distinguish his unfinished
philosophical.
ACCORDING
TO ROBERT MERTON (1945-1957)
According to Macmillan (Karl Emil Weber) noted
that the importance of subjectivity
in social sciences makes creation of fool proof, universal law much more difficult than a
natural sciences and that the among of
objective knowledge that social science may achieve his precariously limited
There
is no absolutely “objective” scientific
analysis of culture … all knowledge
of cultural reality is
always knowledge from the particular points of view an
objective analysis of culture
invents which proceeds according to the thesis that the idea of sciences is the reduction of empirical reality to laws is meaningless because knowledge of social laws is not knowledge of
social reality but is rather attaining this end. Max Weber, 1897
ACCORDING TO MAXMIKLLIAN (KARL EMIL
WEBER (1864-1920)
The sociology of knowledge about
Kari Mannheim is the study of the relationship between thought
and the social context within
which it arise and of the effects prevailing
ideas have on society. It is not a specialized area of sociology but
instead deals with broad fundamental
questions about the extent and limits of special influences on individuals live and the social
–cultural basics of our
knowledge about the world.
The
sociology of knowledge was
pioneered primarily by the sociologists Emil Durkheim and Marcerl
mans at the end of the 19th
and beginning of the 20th centuries.
Their word deal directly with how
conceptual through language and logic
could be influenced by the sociological milieu out of which they arise.
“Primitive” group mythology to
argue that system of classification are
collectively based and that the division with these systems are derived form
social categories.
Karl Mannheim ideas in believed
that relativism was a strange mixture of modern and ancient beliefs
in that it contained within itself a
belief in an absolute truth which was true for all times and place the ancient view most often associated with Plato and condemned other truth claims
because they could not achieve
this level.
REFERENCES
Rules for the Study of Natural Philosophy”,
Newton 1999
pp.794-6, from the General Scholium, which follows Book
3,
the System of the World.
PLATO (427BC-347 BC)
Karl Mannheim(1893-1947)GB 172 MAN.
DATES OF CREATION,
(193)1946
Robert Merton (1945-1957) Robert Reid,
knowledge (1896).
Thomas Jefferson
building, Washington, D.C
Marx Weber (1946-1949) black expressions
at book club
Emil
Durkheim (1933-17)