The
piggery unit is sub –divided into three (3)
sections
i.
Nursery sections
ii.
gestating section
iii.
grower section
Major activities carried out in the
piggery unit are as follows
1.
Removal of swine
dungs from piggery extension
2.
Pig fed
formulation
3.
Application of feeds and drinking water to the pigs
4.
General
medication
5.
Flushing of the
pen
6.
Reproduction
management
7.
Taking care of
piglets
8.
Slaughtering
EXPLANATIONS BASED ON PROCEDURE
1.
Removal of
swine dungs from piggery extension: This
experiment was performed by scrapping
and gathering the waste products of the
swine with the use of shovel and
wheel barrow and dumped it
in the nearby bush
2.
Compounding of swine feeds: This experiment was perfectly done by applying the moor required nutrient
in the right proportions,
which nourish the body of the swine properly.
Some
factors like nutrients requirements of the animal, availability and nutrient
composition of feed ingredients and economic factors were considered before
formulating the feeds.
The feed materials used while formulating the swine
feeds in the right proportions are as follows:
-
Spent grain
-
Premix
-
KBC
-
Wheat offals
-
Sea pak
-
Fish feed
-
Bone meal
-
Maize
Other materials like sun –dried cassava peel,
pineapple peel, unripped plantain, elephant grass (pennistum purpureum ) were also used as
supplements
3.
Application of feed and drinking water to the swine: These was perfectly done by sharing the formulated
feeds to the pigs in a constructed feed reservoir in their different demarcated
rooms. The quantity of feeds shared to
them is dependent on the sizes and numbers of the pigs in their extension.
Supplying Of Drinking Water To The Pigs
This experiment was performed by fixing the house with
the water tank. After that the hose was used to filled the wallow with drinking
water in the extension
4. General medication: Medication or drug
administration is an important routine in pig production since it is the most
effective control measures of preventing and curing of diseases.
The
experiments carried out on the medication are as follows
i.
Sows and gilts
were appropriately dewormed using ivomec injection, antibiotics,
oxytetracycline (OTC) was also injected to them before servicing (mating) is
carried out
ii.
Ivomec injection
was given to boar followed by multivitamin injection when poor performance was
noticed
iii.
The wounded ones
were treated with vitamin k3 and oxytetravet
aerosol
iv.
Iron injection
was given to the piglets at the age of three days after farrowing
v.
Antibiotics was
given to pigs when sickness was noticed
vi.
Swines were
treated with multivitamin both injection and oral method when anorexia was noticed
vii.
General deworming
was performed at three months interval
viii.
About two (2) weeks before farrowing
iron injection was also given to the pregnant sows and gilts
ix.
Castrated ones
were equally treated with antibiotics, oxytetracycline (OTC) and
anti- tetanus toxoids
x.
Sick ones pix were
isolated from the healthy ones and the dead ones (mortality were burred)
5. Flushing of the pen: This exercise was carried out by fixing the flushing
hose through the earthen fish pound with the aid of water pumping machine. The
hose was used as the water flows out of it to
flush or wash the demarcated pig
rooms and the gutter thoroughly it is normal done Monday and Thursday
every week
6. Reproduction management: The production management was practiced through the
flowing ways; the gilt was properly dewormed before the oestrus period
manifested. At the first and second period of Oestrus cycle, there was no
servicing (mating), but it was serviced at the third time of heat period. Whereas the
sow was dewormed and flushed
by increasing the quantity and
quantity of nutritional intake.
The essence of doing this is to increase the number of
eggs that are shed during ovulation with the
aim of having maximum number of litters.
The best time for servicing gilt and sow
is the middle of oestrus period
such like 36-48 hours after the onset of
oestrus. Mating should be repeated twelve hours after first servicing
FARROWING MANAGEMENT
It is necessary
for farmer to be around when the signs of
farrowing manifested such like restlessness, abdominal contraction,
discharging of blood fluids from
the vulva and milk production from the
breast.
ASSISTANCE DURING FARROWING BY THE FARMER
-
The piglets were assisted as the placenta
membrane trapped them
-
The piglets were
removed while slugged in belt canal and oxytocin injection was applied when there was
difficult of contraction
MANAGEMENT BOARD USED IN THE PIGGERY
EXTENSION
|
DS
|
Date
serviced
|
|
EFD
|
Expected farrow date
|
|
DF
|
Date farrowed
|
|
LS
|
Litter size
|
|
M
|
Mortality
|
|
WD
|
Weaned date
|
Example
A
sow is crossed on 22/6/2012
June
=
8
July = 31
August
= 31
September
30
101
114
–101 -13
:.
The sow is expected to farrow on
13/1/2012
3:2:2±
4
Month -3days Or 114 Days
TAKING CARE OF PIGLETS
The activities performed while
caring for the piglets are
i.
The piglets were
allowed to suck the colostrums,
preserved colostrums was also given to them
ii.
The orphan ones were forstered
iii.
Cutting of
umbilical cord
iv.
Iron injection
was given to them after three days of farrowing to prevent anemia
v.
Deteething was
done after three days of age using deteething plier
Picture showing the clipping of the tusk tooth
i.
Some male ones
were castrated after four weeks of age
ii.
Ear norching was
done using ear tags
iii.
Weaning exercise
was carried out after eight weeks of age
iv.
Slaughtering of
swine
PROCEDURE FOR SWINES SLAUGHTERING
The pig was first
selected from the brood –stock,
following by accurate weighing with the use of a crane scale . It was properly held and slaughtered through the neck.
It was shaved with the
use of knife or razor blade and
dissected where offals were removed
followed by dressing thereafter the meat
(Pork) was obtained
RESULT/ CALCULATION ON CARCASS
The
formular is given by
Carcass
percentage = WDA X 100(%)
WLA 1
Where WAD =weight of dressed animal
WLA=
weight of life animal
But
weight of dressed animal= 47.8kg
weight
of life animal =52.6kg
= 47.8 x 100(%)
52.6
1
=
90.8%
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED IN PIGGERY UNIT
AND APPLIED SOLUTION
1.
Piglet mortality
which was caused by accident, overlays, cold stress, genetic defects and diseases. This
was controlled by taking proper
care of piglet and the use of drugs on
both mother and the piglets
2.
Biting and cannibalism which was caused by overcrowding and insufficient feeds. The control measure was adopted by
supplying adequate feeds to them
and wounded ones through biting
and cannibalism were treated with vitamin K3 and oxytetravet aerosol
3.
Disease contact
(pneumonia ) which was caused by the presence of ammonium gas (NH4). This was
controlled by proper hygiene like
flushing and disinfection