ABSTRACT
Title
page - - - - - - - - - i
-->SEMINAR SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
BIOCHEMISTRY/BIOTECHNOLOGY, EBONYI STATE UNIVERSITY (NIGERIA) IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF MASTERS OF
SCIENCES IN MEDICAL
BIOCHEMISTRY
Neonatal
Jaundice is jaundice of the new born and is a clinical description of the
yellowish discoloration of the sclera and mucus membranes. It is due to
increased serum levels of bilirubin, a pigment derived mainly from breakdown of
hemoglobin. Jaundice in the newborn is
unique because it is only in the neonatal period that serum bilirubin per se poses a threat to the well being
of the infant. The colour usually results from accumulation in the skin of
unconjugated lipid soluble bilirubin pigment. This unconjugated form is
neurotoxic to infants at certain concentration. There are two known types of neonatal
jaundice; physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. Physiological
jaundice of the new born is a result of complex interaction of biological
factors which disappears within 10 days of life while pathological jaundice
sets in within the first 24 hours of life due to increased bilirubin. Major
causes of neonatal jaundice are; ABO- incompatibility,G6PD deficiency,
infection and prematurity.
The
three principal modalities in the treatment of jaundice include:
pharmacotherapy, phototherapy and exchange blood transfusion depending on the
level. Poor management of jaundice in a newborn can have dire consequences.
Where death does not occur, varying forms of cerebral damage may occur.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Certification - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - v
Table
of content - - -
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- - vi
List
of Figures - - - -
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- vii
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 1
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1 Physiology of Red Blood Cells - - - -
2.2 Formation of Hemoglobin - - - - -
2.3 Destruction of Red Blood Cells - - - -
2.4 Bilirubin Production and Excretion
(metabolism) -
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Neonatal Jaundice - - - - - -
3.2 Types and their causes - - - - -
3.3 Management of Neonatal Jaundice - - -
3.4 Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice - - - -
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Conclusion - - - - - - - -
References - - - - - - - -
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1. Relative rates of RBC production in different bones at
different ages.
Figure
2. Function of the Erythropoietin Mechanism.
Figure
3. Steps of Hemoglobin Formation.
Figure
4. Basic Structure of Hemoglobin Molecules.
Figure
5. Iron Transport in the Body.
Figure
6. The Structural Formula of Bilirubin.
Figure
7. Steps in Metabolism of Heme to Bilirubin.
Figure
8. Metabolism pathways in the Formation and Excretion of
Bilirubin.
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