WAEC GCE Leather Work Expo 2017 | Past Questions and Answers (OBJ & Theory)
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Leather Work 2017 | Exam Date for Questions and Answers (OBJ & Theory)
This is to inform the general public that the Verified WAEC GCE the Leatherwork 1 (objective) and leatherwork 2 (Essay) will be written on Tuesday, 29th August, 2017. As a matter of fact, both of them will be written on thesame day as follows;
- Leatherwork 1 (objective) - 08.30am - 10.30am
- Leatherwork 2 (Essay) - 10.30am - 11.20am
WARNING: The Nigerian government and West African Examination Council frowns at examination malpractice. This material should not be used as an expo answer. It should only be used for study purposes using the WAEC GCE syllabus as reference.
Question 1
(a) Explain five techniques used in decorating leather goods.
Observation
This question was quite popular among candidates, most of whom performed poorly. The question required the candidates to explain five techniques used in decorating leather but they were rather explaining procedure. The question recorded the highest number of failures as most candidates could not even identify the techniques used in decorating leather.
The candidates were expected to provide the following answers to score higher marks.
(a) Spraying:
- This is the art of applying colour and vanishes on leather products by the use of machines e.g spraying gun, air brush etc.
- The surface is first prepared.
- The application is done by spraying
- Examples of colours for spraying are dye, enamel etc.
(b) Dyeing:
Dyeing is a process of applying colourant on leather surface to obtain a desired colour. It can be done by immersion or through the use of brush.
The surface is first prepared by the removal of grease, oil, dirt etc.
(c) Embroidery:
- It involves the use of needle and coloured embroidery threads.
- The designs are first drawn on paper as a guide.
- Designs are traced on the leather surface before the stitching.
- The designs can be transferred direct with the needle and thread.
(d) Applique`:
- It is a technique by which leathers are decorated by fixing pieces of leather or other materials on the leather surface.
- It is done by stitching or by the use of adhesives
- The pieces are made of various shapes, sizes and colours.
(e) Stamping:
- The art of transferring an image onto a surface with a stamp.
- The leather surface is first moistened.
- Stamps of various designs are used for creating the impressions.
- Stamping is done on the grain side of the leather.
(f) Beadwork: This is the art of attaching beads on a leather surface for decoration.
- It is done by glueing
- It can also be done by stitching
(g) Stitching:
- It is the art of decorating leather or fabric by sewing or knitting.
- It is done by using thread and needle.
- Stitching is done on the leather or its edges.
(h) Other Leather Decorating Techniques are: Marbling, Carving, Embossing,
Patchwork, Moulding, Plaiting, Weaving, Quilting, Tooling, Scorching, Painting, Stenciling, braiding, Incising etc.
Question 2
(a) List six household articles made from leather.
(b) Explain three importance of leather craft.
Observation
This question was attempted by most candidates. The question required candidates to list six household articles made from leather and explain three importance of leather craft. Most candidates ended up listing any form of leather articles due to their inability to interpret what a household article is, however, they performed better in the (b) part of the question. The candidates were expected to provide the following answers to obtain the maximum mark.
(a) Details for section A
(i) Upholstery products;
(ii) Picture frame;
(iii) Wall hanging;
(iv) Foot rest;
(v) Pouf;
(vi) Hand fan;
(vii) Trinket boxes;
(viii) Praying mats
(ix) Lamp shade
(x) Shoe rack
(xi) Carpet
(xii) Pillow
(xiii) Jewelry box
(b) Details for section B
(i) As Foreign Exchange Earner: Semi-finished and finished leather and leather products are exported to earn foreign exchange.
- For Aesthetic Purpose:
- decorative objects are made with leather
- home, office and public places are decorated with leather objects e.g. leather carpets, table covers etc.
- leather articles are decorated with other leather objects.
- Employment creation:
- It provides job opportunities for leather craftmen
- It gives people income
- Leather craft shops are opened
Clothing:
- Leather products are used as clothing to protect the body e.g. jackets, shoes, amour etc.
- They are used to decorate the body e.g bracelet, wristband, hats etc.
Container:
- Leather products are used as bags to store items
- They are used to produce articles for storing items e.g. ornament, books, clothes etc.
- National/ Cultural identity
- Skill acquisition.
Question 3
With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe four parts of a male laced shoe.
Observation
A good number of candidates attempted this question and scored relatively low marks. The question required that candidates describe four parts of a male laced shoe with the aid of an appropriate diagram. Most candidates drew a male palm sandal in instead of a male laced shoe which prevented them from scoring higher marks. Candidates were expected to answer thus:
(i) Top line - the top edge of the upper
(ii) Tongue - a tongue-like leather attached to the vamp; it protects the top of the foot from the eyelet and the lace
(iii) Eyelet/lacehole - it protects the lace hole, it enhances the movement of the lace.
the lace hole is meant for the shoe lace
(iv) Throat line - The line around the edge of the vamp throat
(v) Toe cap - the front part of the upper of a shoe; reinforced and curved to serve as a shield to the toes.
(vi) Quarter - the complete upper part of a shoe behind the vamp and covering the sides.
- It is reinforced to support the back part or the rear of the foot.
(vii) Vamp - The lower forward part of the shoe upper.
(viii) Heel - part of the sole that raises the rear of the shoe in relation to the front.
(ix) Top piece - part of the heel that comes in contact with the ground.
- a layer of material below the heel that comes in contact with the ground.
(x) Welt - a strip of leather between the edge of the crevice of the upper and sole lying flat on the edge of the sole.
Question 4
With the aid of suitable diagram, describe the following parts of a lady’s bag:
(i) flap;
(ii) gusset;
(iii) front;
(iv) strap.
Observation
This question was very popular among candidates, most of whom scored average marks. Most candidates drew good diagrams but were unable to label the part appropriately and a good percentage of them failed to describe the parts of the bag as required in the question. Candidates were expected to answer thus to score higher marks:
(i) Flap - This is an outstretched piece of leather, extending from the back to the front of a bag, covering the opening of the bag.
(ii) Gusset - This is a narrow strip of leather on the sides of a bag joining the front to the back.
- it determines the volume/size of the bag; it may have folds.
(iii) Front - This is the frontal part of a bag; it accommodates the flap which usually holds the fasteners; decorations are usually on the front.
(iv) Strap - a long strip of leather attached to the gussets; it serves as a handle.
Question 5
(a) What is finishing?
(b) Explain four importance of finishing leather meant for shoe upper
Observation
This question was quite popular among the candidates, most of whom define finishing as a procedure in shoe production only instead of as a procedure and technique in shoe production. Overall performance in this question was fairly good. Candidates were expected to provide the following answer to score maximum mark in this question.
(a) Finishing- Finishing is the application of finishes onto the leather surface in order to protect it and improve its appearance.
It is the final operation carried out on leather articles in their production e.g.
trimming, dyeing, waxing, polishing etc.
(b)
- (i) to cover defects on the leather surface; since most animal skins when tanned always have defects due to flaying or diseases, finishing is meant to improve on the appearance of upper leathers.
- (ii) For aesthetic appeal; the beauty of the article depends on the quality of the leather used to produce it.
- (iii) For variety of choices: different styles and colours are provided for customers to have variety of choices to their fashion needs and tastes.
- (iv) Addition of value: - every appropriate process of operation on hides and skins to produce leathers increases their qualities, therefore the value is increased and more money earned.
For durability: the leather is lacquered to protect it from moisture likely to damage it from moisture.
Question 6
Describe three methods of assembling leather bag components.
Observation
This question was also popular among the candidates, most of whom scored relatively low marks. Candidates were required to describe three methods of assembling bag components, majority of the candidates who attempted this question ended up explaining the various processing stages in leather bag production instead of explaining the different methods of assembling leather bag components .
These candidates were expected to state thus to score maximum mark in this question.
(i) Lacing: Lacing is the process of joining components together through the use of lace.
- - Laced holes are first made with awls, thonging chisels, drive punches, slit punches etc.
- - The lace is passed through the holes to bring the components together.
(ii) Stitching:- This is joining the components of a leather article together by using needle and thread.
- The stitch marker is used to make stitch lines along where stitching is to be done.
- There are hand stitching and machine stitching.
(iii) Riveting: - This is a process of joining various leather components by using rivets.
- The rivets are passed through already punched holes.
- Sometimes riveting could be substituted for eyeleting or stitching.
- Buckles are attached to belts by reveting.
(iv) Glueing:- This is the process of joining components of a bag using adhesives.
- - The surfaces of the two components are roughened and the adhesive applied.
- - The two surfaces are brought together then pressed or hit with a mallet.
(v) Eyeleting: - This is the process of joining leather pieces by using eyelets.
- Bring the leather pieces together using punched holes
- Set the eyelets with eyelet setter – this brings the two pieces together permanently.
General Comments
The standard of the paper was at par with the previous year’s paper. The rubrics were clearly stated and the questions were devoid of any ambiguity. The Marking Scheme was comprehensive and marks were well distributed. There was a drop in candidates’ performance when compared with that of the previous year.
Candidates' Weaknesses
- Poor expression: Quite a good number of candidates showed great deficiency in expressing their points in clear and simple language. This weakness resulted in poor performance in questions where candidates needed to drive home their points.
- The use of wrong terminology: Some of the candidates failed to use the correct leatherworks terminology in providing answers to the questions they attempted. This made it difficult for them to put forward their points which obviously resulted in poor scores.
- Failure to expatiate points: A reasonable number of candidates only identified points but did not go further to explain these points to earn maximum mark.
SUGGESTED REMEDIES TO CANDIDATES’ WEAKNESSES
- Candidates need to develop their vocabulary so as to express themselves clearly when writing. Teachers should emphasize this also for candidates to perform well in the subject.
- Candidate should acquaint themselves with basic leatherworks terms. These terms are necessary in their expression when answering questions in Leather Goods Manufacturing and Repairs.
- Candidates should be encouraged by their teachers to always expatiate their points as this is the only way they can earn good scores in the examination.
Candidates' Strength
Candidates showed great understanding of concepts; instructions and guidelines were followed.