CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1
RESEARCH
DESIGN
Research
design is determined by the nature of the research problem and purpose of
study. The research design sampling survey method which entails the
distribution of analysis of question to arrive at a dependable answer to any
problem.
3.2
AREA
OF STUDY
3.3
SOURCES
OF DATA COLLECTION
3.4
INSTRUMENT
OF DATA COLLECTION
3.5
POPULATION
OF THE STUDY
3.6
SAMPLE
SIZE AND SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
N = 5000, e2
= 0.052
3.7
VALIDITY
AND RELIABILITY OF THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT
3.2
AREA
OF STUDY
The
area of covered by the research is limited to only the Enugu State Civil
Service.
3.3
SOURCES
OF DATA COLLECTION
The
researcher used two major sources to collect the necessary data for the
analytical review of Bureaucracy and problem of inefficiency. These sources are
primary and secondary sources.
PRIMARY
SOURCES:
One
of the primary sources as the administering of the questionnaires. The
researcher adopted the method of setting out questionnaire which were designed
specifically to get useful information for the analysis of Bureaucracy and
problem of inefficiency. The question was set out in simple and direct language
devoid of ambiguity to avoid misunderstanding by the respondents which may lead
to incorrect information. The information required in the questionnaire
includes: sex, qualification, length of service, age, grade level.
Another
primary source of data collection was through personal interview. The workers
were personally interviewed by the researcher. The advantage of this to get
some facts that were not provided in the questionnaire. The interview conducted
was deliberately designed to checkmate the tendency of questionnaire being
filled by other workers different from these that were given the questionnaire.
SECONDARY
SOURCES:
The
secondary source of data was gathered from textbooks, journals newspaper,
magazine and pamphlets.
3.4
INSTRUMENT
OF DATA COLLECTION
For
this study, the instrument employed includes questionnaire which was purely
structured questions. The method was preferred in order to obtain clear
information. It allows respondent to air their own individual opinions.
3.5
POPULATION
OF THE STUDY
The
total population of the people under study amounted to five thousand (5000)
which represents the Enugu State Civil Service staff strength. But because of
the limitations mentioned earlier, only the Enugu State Civil Servants at
Enugu, the State headquarter were used for the study. The 5000 workers are made
up 1100 serious staff, 1800 intermediate and 2100 junior staffs.
3.6
SAMPLE
SIZE AND SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
The
sample size of this research work is determined using Yaro Yamini formular
n = N .
1+ N(e)2
Where n=sample size
n=population
of study
i=constant
e=minimum
error in calculation or margin of error (0.052)
n = ?
N = 5000, e2
= 0.052
n = 5000 .
1+5000(0.0025)
= 5000 . =
400
12.5
3.7
VALIDITY
AND RELIABILITY OF THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT
An
expert in educational administration and supervision critically examined the
instrument for relevance of the context and effectiveness to the problem under
investigation. Corrections were made and irrelevant items were discarded.
To
establish the reliability of the instrument, the researcher used a text retest
technique. The materials were administered to the respondents at the intervals
of ten days. It was discovered that most of the answers get co-related with the
first result of questionnaire. It was this result that convinced the
investigator to pass a judgment that the instrument used was reliable.