INTRODUCTION
Studies have
indicated that most adolescents spend the
largest part of their time watering video and films. They also spend
quite long time in browsing charting and watching films on internet. In same vein
the advent of movies has internationalized the
peculiar cultures of
various societies with mass
production of visual images, videos,
television etc now found in placed which were formerly
not reached by these media, the world has eventually become a global village. The rate of
which films and videos are
produced is flooded with all songs of films in
the words of Ijaduola (19990 “most of the
films are found not to be protecting the
values and norms of our society but they
are too foreign oriented in their cultural
projection”
As noted by Filan
(2000) television has been found to greatly influence the attitudes, moral, values
and behavior of the youths. One common problem of our society now as observed
by Ogunsanya (2002) is the unwanted or teenage pregnancy. Research finding Warkins
2001, Zacchius 2002) have shown that sexual activities among the young people
have become sporadic. Adolescents are
found to be more active sexually and
this has been attributed to the
negative influence of mass
media most especially the
pornographic films which the young are exposed
to. Shobo (2001) contended that despite the efforts of moderating
agencies, many producers are still flooding the market with all forms of exotic
pictures. Most films are videos characters serve as role models to the
adolescents
On many news stands we now find magazine, pictures,
posters etc on sexually arousing materials. As a result the youths are
exposed to sexual materials before they
are mentally ready for them.
The law guiding the
purchase and viewing of films are not binding as anybody can obtain and kind of
films from video house Wowi (1999) the impact of these films on the sexual
attitudes of the youth is enormous. As observed by Owvamamam (2005) film and
pictures are forms of instructional
materials through which the young ones acquire new attitude . But Kupp
(2006) posited that the Negabive effect
of mass media exposure on adolescents
including increase violence and aggressive behavior increase high risk behavior such as alcohol and
tobacco use ad accelerated
onset of sexual activity.
It should be
noted, however that the period of adolescents
is characterized by physical rapid cognitive moral and social emotional
changes. Many scholar Steinberg and Gragorenko
2001. Anderson, 2002, Fyermbo, 2004 Bansal
2006 have described this period as a period
of storm and stress Eric Erickson
describes adolescence as a period of
stress identity versus growth confusion
. according to him adolescence period is
divided into two namely:
early indolence (13-15) years
and late adolescence (16-18) darling and Steinberg (2003) awake
2007 opined that adolescence are confronted with many
problem which they try to find
solutions to physical
sensation for instance ends to sexual behavior which responds to biological changes.
Attentions are drawn on general organs. On social part they being to develop amorous relations to opposite sex to
successfully work with youths, case workers and providers of services for adolescents must understand adolescence
development and stay abreast of those things that an adolescents need to learn
and known as they move through adolescence into adulthood Ugbe
(2000) Zobola 2003.
Nevertheless,
school management refers to the sum total of its surrounding as an organization
Bourgress (2002). Practicing and
prospective school mangers deserve to posses an appreciation understanding of
their environment in its entirely. As
opined by Ijaduola (2007b)
many changes have resulted
from the
pressures emanating from the
environmental forces orderly external to the school but imminently intimidating it. The shift
to recognition of these
environmental external and internal
forces is gradual but dramatic seen form this angel, the environmental either nature, social, economic political
or cultural a combination of some or
all of these is an organic
element , expectedly the school grows and develops from the life of the
society environment . The changing society as a result of various means of communication
and information has made adolescents to be more sexually active. This is because adolescent have been fund to be thrilled by sexual discourse and information
specifically, this study will offer first hand information to parents on how adolescents behave towards sex hence
sensitize the parents on how
guide and monitor the films their children are
exposed to. The study will equally
provide teachers with details information and guidance counselors will
via this study have in sights on the sexual
problems faced by the youth
with a view to devising
mean of solving them. Finally, it will enable government to put in place
programmes that will enhance moral life
of the youth.
HYPOTHESES
The
following four will hypotheses were
developed and tested in the study
1.
There is no significant difference between sex
attitude of student that watch
films and those who do not.
2.
There
is no significant difference between junior and senior secondary school
students sex attitude
3.
There
is no significant difference between
rural and urban students sex attitude
4.
There
is no significant difference between Christian and ministry students sex attitude.
Descriptive survey design was used in
this study 1,200 secondary
school students were randomly
selected form 60 secondary schools
across the 4 geo-political zones at 20 students
per school) the questionnaire for
data collection was administered
to the respondents personally, having been validated and reliability coefficient
established. The sex attitude scale used was developed by Rakesh 1992
and it consisted of 42 items
The
four mill hypothesis generated and tested in the study were analyzed employing
the t-test inferential
statistic at 0.05 revel
of significance.
RESULT
T-TEST ANALYSIS
OF HYPOTHESIS 1-4
|
Hypothesis
|
Group
|
N
|
X
|
SD
|
DF
|
R-cal
|
FBB
|
Remark
|
|
HO1
|
film
watchers non film watchers
|
879
321
|
57.03
24.17
|
8.64
7.58
|
1198
-
|
241
|
1.96
|
S
|
|
HO2
|
JSS
students
SS
students
|
617
583
|
36.16
32.82
|
5.77
3.94
|
1198
|
0.2.96
|
1.96
|
NS
|
|
HO3
|
Rural
student
Urban
student
|
598
602
|
50.94
32.11
|
7.82
690
|
1198
|
2.09
|
1.96
|
S
|
|
HO4
|
Christian
students
|
409
|
25.88
|
4.68
|
1198
|
0.310
|
1.96
|
NS
|
Muslim Students /791/29.05/601/
The
calculated value of (2.41) for Ho is higher than critical value of 1.96 at
1198 degree of freedom and (0.05) level of significance. This implies that
flair of film watching significantly impact on student’s sex attitude.
Therefore the null hypothesis, which stated that there is no significant
difference between junior and senior secondary school students sex attitude
is rejected.
However,
the analysis of hypothesis 3 indicated
f – value of 2.07 which is higher than t- table
1.96 at 1198 degree of freedom and
0.005 level of significance
This
is a clear indication that school
location has to do with students
sex attitude therefore, there is significant difference between rural
and urban students attitude
as portrayed in hypothesis 4 , the
obtained value of 0.310 is less than the table value of 1.96
at 1198 degree of freedom and
0.05 level of significant. In view of this it could be asserted that religious
affiliation does not exert influence on the sea attitude of students. On this premise
the null hypothesis which stated that there is no significant difference
between Christian and Muslim students sea attitude is rejected
DISCUSSION
It
has been established their sexually education
is not taught in the schools
selected for this study as a large
number of respondents affirmed. This
study has been also revealed that
the general assumption that both male
and female students in
the selected secondary school will
not have the same attitude
and knowledge about sex is true, as more female than male
respondent demonstrated good attitude
and knowledge about sexuality. This revelation affects
to the researches findings of Warkins
(2001) which had earlier established the fact that sexual activities and exploration among the youths
have become sporadic as a result
of the negative influence of mass media
as well as the phonograph films to which the young once are exposes similarly
the manifestation by this study that age does not constitute
hindrance to student had
been buttressed in similar studies by Adebinpe and Akinde (1994)
who contended that youths are exposed to are mentally mature and reading for them. As they argue further, this
ugly development is not
unconnected with the fact that the laws guiding the
purchase and viewing of
films are not binding as anybody
can obtain any kind of films from video
homes
Finally,
sex attitude is natural and health part of living and that all sexual decision have effects or consequences that youths also
accepted that ignorance of facts about
sexuality can lead to unplanned pregnancy and
allied negative consequences while abstinence is the best protection against
unwanted pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases including
HIV/AID these had been attested
to by Kupp (2006) that the negative consequence of mass media exposure on youth
include increase violence
aggressive behavior, increase high risk behaviour such as alcohol
and tobacco use and accelerated on sep of sexual
activities which is cautioned by Ogunsanya (2002) could
lead to unwanted or teenage pregnancy
CONCLUSION /IMPLICATION
One
many rest this discussion of sex attitude of students on the premise that a
school managers style of leadership must address the situational forces as the school preferred pressure
of time and even environmental factors all of which may affect students
attitudes towards a particular phenomena. There was little or no
concern for the external environment school management practitioners
assumed and some what correctly that things could be done on the same way and
manner they were done before then
and since the presences but an
extension of the past, there was
no need
to act differently. Evenly how, today’s
world is by far very different from the yester years. Many external forces and
pressures with related agenda and manifesters are getting organized powerfully along
recognizable institutional patterns
REFERENCES
Adegoke
A.A 2003 Adolescent in Africa Ibadan Hadessah
Publishing
Co. Ademosun A.A 207
Burgress
A.P (2002) Affects of Three Principle Styles on School
Improvement
Human Communication
Bansal R. 2006
Motivational Determinant of problem solving
task in peer
presence conditions a summary of reviews
Ibdian journal of psychology and education (4)
pp 75-83
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PSY 319