THE EFFECTS OF INDISCRIMINATE DISPOSAL OF DOMESTIC POLYTHENE WASTE IN ABAKALIKI URBAN PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

 CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.0       Background of the Study
            Domestic polythene waste management is problematic and has not been successfully controlled. Polythene is a substance created for useful purposes, after use constitute waste, if no longer needed.

            Waste according to the world Health Organization (1998), is defined as “something which the owner no longer wants at a given time which have lost perceived market value”. There exists different composition of solid waste, which includes garbage, rubbish. Garbage is the decomposable waste from food, rubbish that contains non-decomposable waste like polythene and sachet water bags, glass metal some of the non-decomposable rubbish are equally not biodegradable especially plastic and glass. These materials are not decomposed or degraded by natural process in the environment. They are problematic when dealing with their disposal (Uchegbu, 1998).
            Hundreds of new products are appearing in the market every day, which are dramatically proliferating into common means like. Polythene is one such product, which due to its ease of use, hardness, light weight, waterproof nature and low cost has found a wide applicability in modern society. It is largely used for packing and sharing and is most widely used as carry-bags. As the consumption of polythene increases enormously, so has the accumulation of waste polythene particularly in urban areas. Polythene bags lying in garbage heaps and blowing here and there has become a common sight today at homes, which not only is an eye sore but also has serious environmental implications.
            Use of polythene has become a part of everyday life for the people of Abakaliki. Market mechanism drives people to use polythene, because it is cheap and easily available. Again, it is tough, water proof and easy to carry and throw. People go to the market empty-handed and return home with a number of polythene bag containing shopping goods.
            Polythene came into the market for commercial use in 1982 and a competition between polythene and paper bags ensured but was soon taken over by the former. It became popular commercially more than the other bags due to its low price and portability. When people started to use and dispose polythene randomly, and with no effective disposal system, the environmental consequences led to worsening the situation.
            Owing to the problems of undegradable nature of the Polythene and pure water sachet pack) caused by indiscriminate disposal, which causes detrimental effect on the environment. With inefficient agencies and inefficient strategies for solid waste management, the handling of domestic polythene waste has become such a problem that the sanitation authority finds it so difficult to cope with.           
            Hence, the focus of this study is to unveil the effects of this ugly situation in Abakaliki metropolis from the perspective of the generator (the residents) and the intractable problems by some observers.  

1.1       Goal and Objectives
            The goal of this study is to determine the effects of indiscriminate disposal of domestic polythene waste in Abakaliki urban physical environment with a view to evolve a sound waste management strategy. In order to achieve this goal, the objectives are:
(i)        To determine the causes of indiscriminate disposal of domestic polythene waste and its effects in Abakaliki urban physical environment.
(ii)       To examine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the current method and pattern of polythene waste disposal in the study area.
(iii)     To ascertain users attitude towards the disposal of polythene in the area.
(iv)      To examine the level of environmental awareness of residents (stake holders)
(v)       To examine the rate of polythene waste generation and disposal.
(vi)      To make recommendation based on the above findings.

The complete work has Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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