SEXUALITY EDUCATION FOR ADOLESCENCE HIV/AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL



CHAPTER THREE
3.0     RESEARCH METHOD
            This chapter discusses the method employed by the researcher in carrying out the study. It is discussed under the following sub-heading: design of the study area of the study, population of the study sample and sampling technique, instrument for data collection validation of the instrument, method of data collections and method of data analysis.

3.1       Design of the Study
            This study design can be referred to as descriptive survey. This design, according to Maduabum (1999), is one in which data are collected from a relatively large number of people or items considered to be representative of the whole population or group. He asserted also that descriptive survey is concerned with description of events as they are.
3.2       Area of the Study
            The area of the study is Ikwo local Government area of Ebonyi State. In the study, the researcher centres her concern in four secondary schools in the are. The secondary schools are:
1.         Community secondary school Okpuitumo
2.         Urban community girl’s secondary school Ndufu
3.         Royal boys secondary School Nwakpu alike
4.         Community Secondary School Enyibichiri Alike
3.3       Population of the Study
            The population of this study comprised teachers and students. The research made use of the following population or respondents (50) teachers and one hundred and fifty (150) students making a total number of two hundred (200) respondents.
3.4       Sample and Sampling Technique
            The research made use of simple random sampling techniques to darns out the responses needed for the study. However out of the seven secondary school selected four secondary schools were selected. The size of the sample is three (200) hundred respondents which represents 20% of the target population.

3.5       Instrument for Data Collection
            The instrument used in gathering information for the researcher included, the structured questionnaire as well as personal or oral interview. The questionnaire were structured its to help elicit the relevant information needed for the study.
            The questionnaires items have both content and face validity. This was done with the help of the project supervisor. As regard content validity, the items were well structured in accordance to project topic which on the side face validity, the sentences and words was structured without grammatical errors. Four question which are directly connected to get the information needed for the research.
            As regard the administration of the questionnaires the researcher employed the use of hand delivery method. All the two (200) hundred copies of the questionnaires distributed were retired and all correctly filled by the respondents.

3.6       Validation of the instrument
            The draft was final pursuit to the project supervisor who made necessary corrections as regard the language content and sentence structure. in the appendices.
3.7       Method of Data Collection
            Before administering the questionnaires which was carefully constructed to solicit the required information form the respondent, the researcher also solicited for the co operation of the principal, teachers, parents, education local government authorities, who are concerned because of their official engagement.
3.8       Method of data Analysis
            The data collected were analyzed by the researcher through the use of mean and frequency distribution table; were developed while mean computed. The mean were calculated thus.
Where            X         =          mean
S          =          sum of           
F          =          Frequency
N         =          Total number of Score
A cut off point of 2.50 was used a the decision rule. A mean score up to 2.5 was regard as positive, while means scour below 2.50 were considered negative. This out-off of 2.50 was obtained by adding the sum of the normal rating value divided by the number of rating items for example.
Strongly agreed                    (SA)    =          4 Points
Agreed                                   (A)      =          3 points
Strongly disagreed   (SD)    =          2 punt
Disagreed                              (D)      =          point
The mean(grand)      x   10  =         2.5
                                                             4

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0                                           ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
This chapter deals with analysis of result. Questionnaire item relevant for answering each of the research questions ere developed together in table. A total of four (4) table based in bits to give twenty (2) question:
4.1       Research Question One
Table 1 :Does sex education reduce the rate of HIV/AIDS spread in secondary schools.
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
U
Total
X
1
Sex education has reduced the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among secondary school students


110


80


60


50

300

850

2.8
2
Sex education has equally reduced other sexually transmitted infections?  


88


79


65


65

300

784

2.6
3
Does it help adolescents to understand their sex organs and their factions?   


150


50


50


50

300

900

3
4
Does it assist girls not to indulge in frequent sexual activities with man  

125

75

40

60



5
Does it prevent the risk of having an unwanted pregnancy among youths  








Grand Mean =                    Z X  
                                    Number of items
13.7/5 =          2.7
From table one above it could be observe that all the items have positive response which shows that those statement were true, that sex education has reduced the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among secondary school students.
4.2       Research Question Two
Table 2: Do parents contribute position to educate youth on sex education youth on sex education
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
U
Total
X
1.
HIV/AIDs cold lead to single parenthood
120
80
50
50
300
850
2.8
2
Mothers has a great role to educate their daughter the effect of sexual abuse
150
60
50
40
300
850
2.8
3.
Parents educates their wards on side effect using of contraceptives and drugs abuse
125
75
60
40
300
815
27
4.
They help adolescents to gain the knowledge and skills needed to express their sexuality in life-enhancing ways.
150
50
40
60
300
890
2.9
5
They promote sex education amount the youths to grass-root level.
130
70
40
60
300
870
2.9

Grand means =         
=          14.2/5             =          2.8
            From table two above, observation shows that responses were mixed and so showing that actually parents contributes positively in promoting and prosper gating of sex education in their homes.
4.3       Research question three
Table 3: In what ways has HIV/AIDS affected the health of secondary school students in Ikwo local of secondary school students.
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
U
Total
X
1
HIV/AIDS infections has reduced the number of students enrollment
10
85
95
20
300
850
2.8
2
It has increase death rate among secondary school students
110
90
40
60
300
830
2.7
3.
It has lead to drug abuse among youth in the society
120
80
60
40
300
370
2.9
4.
HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease and has no cure
88
77
65
70
300
767
2.5
5
HIV/AIDS has increase the muser of orphan which creates socio economic problem
140
60
40
60
300
870
2.9
            The summary of data analysis presented in table three above show that HIV/AID infections has drastically affected the Health of Secondary School Students in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State.


4.4       Research question four
Table 4:  What is the role of church as an agent to reduce HIV/AIDS infection in Ikwo.
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
U
Total
X
1
Does church preaches against sex outside marriage?
158
30
40
60
300
890
2.9
2
Does she teach about drug abuse and its relate consequence in the society ?
120
70
55
50
300
860
2.8
3.
Provision of money and materials to orphan homes
88
100
95
20
300
85
2.7
Grand means =         
18.8/5                         =          2.9
            From the above table it is observed that all the questions of items have positive response which reflects that those statement, it is possible for hubs to play a good role on sex education in Ikwo Local government Area of Ebonyi State.
4.5       Summary of Findings
            The study was focused on sex education  as a tool for reducing HIV/AIDs among secondary schools in Ikwo Local government Area of Ebonyi State.
1.         It was agreed that church preaches seriously about sex education, sex outside marriages, sexual abuse.
2.         The study shows that sex education in schools leads to the reduction HIV/AIDs spread and its consequence in the society.
3.         That most parents educates their wards/children on sex education mostly as one of the means to fight HIV/AIDs and other related sexually transmitted diseases.
4.         It was also agreed that mothers among other are better agent to educate the youths the value and important of sex-education.
5.         It was equally agreed that HIV/AID has increased the high rate of orphans and death rate thus increased socio-economic problems in the society.
6.         That sex education has created HIV/AID and awareness of the uncurable disease known as HIV/Aids in Ikwo local government Area of Ebonyi State.


CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSIONS OF FINDING, EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.0       DISCUSSION
            The result of data analysis in table I revealed that the items are sex-education has reduced the rate of HIV/AIDS in secondary schools in Ikwo Local Government Area, the average mina for all the items in table I was 2.7 and since the average mean was greater than 2.5. it was therefore accepted that sex education has equally reduced other related sexual transmitted infections. This Anyaoku (2008 in his own investigation stated that students needs sex education which would help them channel sex impulse along responsible and desirable ends. He further added that sex education enables them understand cultural perception of sexuality and what it means to be male and female in our culture.
            Result of data in table two (2) revealed that the respondent in items 1-4 agreed that the items are the percentage at which parents has contributed positively toward educating youth on sex education. The average means was 2.8, which are above 2.5, therefore it was accepted. According to education Advisory Board (1971) maintains that sex educations is a cooperative efforts of church homes and schools and communities to provide  selective learning experience and guidance for young people in and outside schools.
            The result of data in table 3 has reveled that the respondent in items 1-5 all are of the Option that HIV/AIDS infection has contributed to the reduction numbers of secondary school enroll rust in Ikwo local government Areas of Ebonyi state. Also that it has increase the death of parent which led to high rate of orphan in the society.
            The result of data analysis in table 4 revealed finally that church preaching against sex outside marriage cycle, drug abuse among adults, and youth provision of money and material to orphan’s home in the society has helped a lot to cushion the effect of HIV/AIDS scourge in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi.

5.1       Education Implication of the Study
            The study has revealed that HIV/AIDS is a destructive disease in Nigeria and the world at large and because if its disastrous result, it is time for all and Sunday (individuals and government) to join hand and devote our time, energy, resources, knowledge and skills to fight this dreadful diseases in our midst as future is in our hand.
            It also reveled that the spread of HIV infection and the resultant AIDS scourge can be stopped or reduced in Ikwo courage can be stopped or reduced in Ikwo local government area of Ebonyi State in particular and in Nigeria, when we cultivate positive sexual behavior such as avoidance if pre-marital sex drug addition, having contact with infected blood through sharing needless or strings etc sticking to one sex partner (married persons), using condom or abstinence form sex where possible. Thus the stud revealed that it is only through these measures that hardship, sorrows and wanton destruction accompanying HIV/AIDS can be avoided and replaced with well-being, long life and development.
            Finally the study revealed that all to often, HIV/AIDS preventing programme focus on providing information, and encouraging individuals to change their behaviour sexuality attitude in as much as possible to reduce or avoid totally the spreading of the deadly diseases HIV/AIDS in our society.
5.2       Recommendations
            Based on the finding of the research work the following recommendations were made.
1.         All schools should give information about HIV/AIDs virus through sex-education lessons or classes, curriculum and co-curricular activities for example, world Health organization (WHO)s report in AIDS. Thus Educations program on HIV/AID should be included in school curriculum.
2.         Mass median:  The mass media as an organ of disseminating information can be very useful in educating people on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS for instance, they can relay clear and frank messages about HIV/AIDS through Radio, Television, newspaper e.t.c. Advertise condom or other drugs in the market god for prevention and treatment of AIDS.
3.         Religious institution: they can educate the people on the reality and danger posed by HIV/AIDS, through preaching against immoral behaviour, counseling and workshop on HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted disease and lastly through engaging in house to house teaching of sound moral behaviour.
4.         Government: The government can create a supportive environment for the prevention and control of AIDs through its policy and law by (a) providing adequate health services (b) Providing for AID orphans and widows (c) liaising with traditional partitions with ref and to application of alternative medicine (d) giving legal right to women e.g right to refuse sex or leave violet partners.
5.         Society: Individuals can reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS infection only if safer sexual behaviour is easily and widely accepted as part of every day life in a society. The society can help prevent spead of HIV/AID through the following ways:
(1)       By promoting teaching (informed, rallies, campaign) on practices and traditions that reduce risk. (2) challenging or condemning drug or alcohol-related violence.
5.3       Limitations of the Study
1.         The limitations of the study were as follows: It was discovered that a man handily succeeds in an act. Hence h=things have got so repulsive that some ever fake their answers  and so not give true opinions on the items proving extremes difficulty for researcher to elicited information form such respondents.
2.         In most cases distance disposition of the respondents and materials made the work pose much trouble in appropriate cover of research scope. This was again aggravated by lack of finance as it proves essential commodity in a researcher engagement.
3.         Relevance and inability to fill in appropriately by the respondents were also militating against the research though in spite of all set backs the research kept a on success which was the research target.

5.4       Summary of the Study
            The study was focused on sex education as a tool for reducing HIV/Aids among secondary schools and also focused on the general society through making it possible creating public awareness in the negative effects of HIV/AIDS on human race; particularly in Ikwo local government Area of Ebonyi State.
            Four purpose were formulate to guide the study thus:
(i)        Does sex education reduce the rate of HIV/AIDs spread in secondary schools
(2)       Does parents contribute to educate youth’s sex education.
3.         In what way has HIV/AID infection affects the health of secondary schools students in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi state.
4.         What is the role of church to reduce the HIV/AIDS infections in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State.
Conclusion
            The findings of  the study revealed that appropriate application of teaching and evaluation of sex education should be a joint efforts of individual schools, parents, churches and government at level so that the issue of HIV/AIDS should be a history and hindrance to human progress.

REFERENCES
Ajala (1981) In love with sex Enugu Lag Apostolate publication.
Anyaoku (2008) Sex in the worlds Religions, Ibadan: Ilesani Press.
Broaderk B.C (1999) family life education: a curriculum for teacher and trainers Now York Ny and Lusada Zamsis.
Chimezie (2005) Sex behaviour of Adolescent in typical Nigerian community; unpublished project university of Calabar Cross River State.
Daekina (1994) Teach your child about sex journal of moral education pp. 10
Denga (1988) sex education and adolescence educational psychology, Ibadan press.
Education Advisory Board (1971) AID prevention and control, AHRTG ltd.
Glady et Stephen N.(1990) family Education Canada Global pub. Plc.
Maduabum (1999) AID: Special challenge to woman Enugu New generation books
Mcnab (1981) Health family living and sex education. Overview in Nigeria school health journal pp. 1.
Obidike (1998) The Individual sex and society, Nsukka prize Pub-limited
Okafor (1983) Sex and family living awake Johnson press.
Watson et Jacks (1969) Education for sexuality concepts and programme for teaching in secondary schools Ibadan Wilson Press.
World Health Organisation (1993) Comprehensive Sexuality Education Action Health INC.


APPENDIX 1

Department Of Social Studies/
Primary Education Studies,
National Teachers’ Institute (NTI),
Kaduna.
Dear/Sir/Chief/Madam
            I am an undergraduate student of above mentioned institution currently under taking a research study on sex education a tool for reducing HIV/AIDS among secondary schools students in Ikwo local government Area of Ebonyi State.
            Please it will be of great pleasure if you can respond to this questionnaire as information supplied will be strictly for the purpose of this research.
                                                                                                Thanks.

Yours faithfully,

NAME HERE


APPENDIX II
Questionnaire items
Please tick (R) on the column that best represent your opinion on the items.
Strongly agree                                   -                       SA
Agree                                      -                       A
Disagreed                                          -                       D
Strongly disagreed               -                       SD
Table 1
Does sex education reduce the rate of HIV/AIDS spread in secondary schools.
S/N
ITEMS /QUESTIONS
SA
A
SD
D
1
Sex education has reduced the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among secondary school students




2
Sex education has equally reduced other sexually transmitted infections? 




3
Does it help adolescents to understand their sex organs and their factions?  




4
Does it assist girls not to indulge in frequent sexual activities with man 




5
Does it prevent the risk of having an unwanted pregnancy among youths 






Do parents contribute position to educate youth on sex education youth on sex education
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
1.
HIV/AIDs cold lead to single parenthood




2
Mothers has a great role to educate their daughter the effect of sexual abuse




3.
Parents educates their wards on side effect using of contraceptives and drugs abuse




4.
They help adolescents to gain the knowledge and skills needed to express their sexuality in life-enhancing ways.




5
They promote sex education amount the youths to grass-root level.







Table 3
            In what ways has HIV/AIDS affected the health of secondary school students in Ikwo local of secondary school students
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
1
HIV/AIDS infections has reduced the number of students enrollment




2
It has increase death rate among secondary school students




3.
It has lead to drug abuse among youth in the society




4.
HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease and has no cure




5
HIV/AIDS has increase the Murser of orphan which creates socio economic problem




Table four
            What is the role of church as an agent to reduce HIV/AIDS infection in Ikwo.
S/N
Items /Questions
SA
A
SD
D
1
Does church preaches against sex outside marriage?




2
Does she teach about drug abuse and its relate consequence in the society ?




3.
Provision of money and materials to orphan homes





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