CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH
METHOD
This chapter discusses the method
employed by the researcher in carrying out the study. It is discussed under the
following sub-heading: design of the study area of the study, population of the
study sample and sampling technique, instrument for data collection validation
of the instrument, method of data collections and method of data analysis.
3.1 Design
of the Study
This study design can be referred to
as descriptive survey. This design, according to Maduabum (1999), is one in
which data are collected from a relatively large number of people or items considered
to be representative of the whole population or group. He asserted also that
descriptive survey is concerned with description of events as they are.
3.2 Area
of the Study
The area of the study is Ikwo local
Government area of Ebonyi State. In the study, the researcher centres her
concern in four secondary schools in the are. The secondary schools are:
1. Community secondary school Okpuitumo
2. Urban community girl’s secondary school
Ndufu
3. Royal boys secondary School Nwakpu alike
4. Community Secondary School Enyibichiri
Alike
3.3 Population
of the Study
The population of this study
comprised teachers and students. The research made use of the following
population or respondents (50) teachers and one hundred and fifty (150) students
making a total number of two hundred (200) respondents.
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Technique
The research made use of simple
random sampling techniques to darns out the responses needed for the study.
However out of the seven secondary school selected four secondary schools were
selected. The size of the sample is three (200) hundred respondents which
represents 20% of the target population.
3.5 Instrument
for Data Collection
The instrument used in gathering
information for the researcher included, the structured questionnaire as well
as personal or oral interview. The questionnaire were structured its to help
elicit the relevant information needed for the study.
The questionnaires items have both
content and face validity. This was done with the help of the project supervisor.
As regard content validity, the items were well structured in accordance to
project topic which on the side face validity, the sentences and words was
structured without grammatical errors. Four question which are directly
connected to get the information needed for the research.
As regard the administration of the
questionnaires the researcher employed the use of hand delivery method. All the
two (200) hundred copies of the questionnaires distributed were retired and all
correctly filled by the respondents.
3.6 Validation
of the instrument
The draft was final pursuit to the
project supervisor who made necessary corrections as regard the language
content and sentence structure. in the appendices.
3.7 Method
of Data Collection
Before administering the
questionnaires which was carefully constructed to solicit the required
information form the respondent, the researcher also solicited for the co
operation of the principal, teachers, parents, education local government
authorities, who are concerned because of their official engagement.
3.8 Method
of data Analysis
The data collected were analyzed by
the researcher through the use of mean and frequency distribution table; were
developed while mean computed. The mean were calculated thus.
Where X = mean
S = sum of
F = Frequency
N = Total number of Score
A cut off point of 2.50 was used a the decision rule.
A mean score up to 2.5 was regard as positive, while means scour below 2.50
were considered negative. This out-off of 2.50 was obtained by adding the sum
of the normal rating value divided by the number of rating items for example.
Strongly agreed (SA) = 4 Points
Agreed (A) = 3
points
Strongly disagreed (SD) = 2
punt
Disagreed (D) = point
The mean(grand) x
10
= 2.5
4
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS
This chapter deals with analysis of result.
Questionnaire item relevant for answering each of the research questions ere developed
together in table. A total of four (4) table based in bits to give twenty (2)
question:
4.1 Research
Question One
Table 1 :Does sex education reduce the
rate of HIV/AIDS spread in secondary schools.
S/N
|
Items /Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
U
|
Total
|
X
|
1
|
Sex
education has reduced the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among secondary
school students
|
110
|
80
|
60
|
50
|
300
|
850
|
2.8
|
2
|
Sex
education has equally reduced other sexually transmitted infections?
|
88
|
79
|
65
|
65
|
300
|
784
|
2.6
|
3
|
Does
it help adolescents to understand their sex organs and their factions?
|
150
|
50
|
50
|
50
|
300
|
900
|
3
|
4
|
Does
it assist girls not to indulge in frequent sexual activities with man
|
125
|
75
|
40
|
60
|
|||
5
|
Does
it prevent the risk of having an unwanted pregnancy among youths
|
Grand Mean = Z X
Number of items
13.7/5 = 2.7
From table one above it could be observe that all the
items have positive response which shows that those statement were true, that
sex education has reduced the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among secondary
school students.
4.2 Research
Question Two
Table 2: Do parents contribute position
to educate youth on sex education youth on sex education
S/N
|
Items /Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
U
|
Total
|
X
|
1.
|
HIV/AIDs
cold lead to single parenthood
|
120
|
80
|
50
|
50
|
300
|
850
|
2.8
|
2
|
Mothers
has a great role to educate their daughter the effect of sexual abuse
|
150
|
60
|
50
|
40
|
300
|
850
|
2.8
|
3.
|
Parents
educates their wards on side effect using of contraceptives and drugs abuse
|
125
|
75
|
60
|
40
|
300
|
815
|
27
|
4.
|
They
help adolescents to gain the knowledge and skills needed to express their
sexuality in life-enhancing ways.
|
150
|
50
|
40
|
60
|
300
|
890
|
2.9
|
5
|
They
promote sex education amount the youths to grass-root level.
|
130
|
70
|
40
|
60
|
300
|
870
|
2.9
|
Grand
means = 
= 14.2/5 = 2.8
From table two above, observation
shows that responses were mixed and so showing that actually parents
contributes positively in promoting and prosper gating of sex education in
their homes.
4.3 Research
question three
Table 3: In what ways has HIV/AIDS
affected the health of secondary school students in Ikwo local of secondary
school students.
S/N
|
Items /Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
U
|
Total
|
X
|
1
|
HIV/AIDS
infections has reduced the number of students enrollment
|
10
|
85
|
95
|
20
|
300
|
850
|
2.8
|
2
|
It
has increase death rate among secondary school students
|
110
|
90
|
40
|
60
|
300
|
830
|
2.7
|
3.
|
It
has lead to drug abuse among youth in the society
|
120
|
80
|
60
|
40
|
300
|
370
|
2.9
|
4.
|
HIV/AIDS
is a deadly disease and has no cure
|
88
|
77
|
65
|
70
|
300
|
767
|
2.5
|
5
|
HIV/AIDS
has increase the muser of orphan which creates socio economic problem
|
140
|
60
|
40
|
60
|
300
|
870
|
2.9
|
The summary of data analysis
presented in table three above show that HIV/AID infections has drastically
affected the Health of Secondary School Students in Ikwo Local Government Area
of Ebonyi State.
4.4 Research
question four
Table 4:
What is the role of church as an agent to reduce HIV/AIDS infection in
Ikwo.
S/N
|
Items /Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
U
|
Total
|
X
|
1
|
Does
church preaches against sex outside marriage?
|
158
|
30
|
40
|
60
|
300
|
890
|
2.9
|
2
|
Does
she teach about drug abuse and its relate consequence in the society ?
|
120
|
70
|
55
|
50
|
300
|
860
|
2.8
|
3.
|
Provision
of money and materials to orphan homes
|
88
|
100
|
95
|
20
|
300
|
85
|
2.7
|
Grand
means =
18.8/5 = 2.9
From the above table it is observed
that all the questions of items have positive response which reflects that
those statement, it is possible for hubs to play a good role on sex education
in Ikwo Local government Area of Ebonyi State.
4.5 Summary
of Findings
The study was focused on sex
education as a tool for reducing
HIV/AIDs among secondary schools in Ikwo Local government Area of Ebonyi State.
1. It was
agreed that church preaches seriously about sex education, sex outside
marriages, sexual abuse.
2. The
study shows that sex education in schools leads to the reduction HIV/AIDs
spread and its consequence in the society.
3. That
most parents educates their wards/children on sex education mostly as one of
the means to fight HIV/AIDs and other related sexually transmitted diseases.
4. It was
also agreed that mothers among other are better agent to educate the youths the
value and important of sex-education.
5. It was
equally agreed that HIV/AID has increased the high rate of orphans and death
rate thus increased socio-economic problems in the society.
6. That
sex education has created HIV/AID and awareness of the uncurable disease known
as HIV/Aids in Ikwo local government Area of Ebonyi State.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSIONS OF FINDING, EDUCATIONAL
IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.0 DISCUSSION
The result of data analysis in table
I revealed that the items are sex-education has reduced the rate of HIV/AIDS in
secondary schools in Ikwo Local Government Area, the average mina for all the
items in table I was 2.7 and since the average mean was greater than 2.5. it was
therefore accepted that sex education has equally reduced other related sexual
transmitted infections. This Anyaoku (2008 in his own investigation stated that
students needs sex education which would help them channel sex impulse along
responsible and desirable ends. He further added that sex education enables
them understand cultural perception of sexuality and what it means to be male
and female in our culture.
Result of data in table two (2)
revealed that the respondent in items 1-4 agreed that the items are the
percentage at which parents has contributed positively toward educating youth
on sex education. The average means was 2.8, which are above 2.5, therefore it
was accepted. According to education Advisory Board (1971) maintains that sex
educations is a cooperative efforts of church homes and schools and communities
to provide selective learning experience
and guidance for young people in and outside schools.
The result of data in table 3 has
reveled that the respondent in items 1-5 all are of the Option that HIV/AIDS
infection has contributed to the reduction numbers of secondary school enroll
rust in Ikwo local government Areas of Ebonyi state. Also that it has increase
the death of parent which led to high rate of orphan in the society.
The result of data analysis in table
4 revealed finally that church preaching against sex outside marriage cycle,
drug abuse among adults, and youth provision of money and material to orphan’s
home in the society has helped a lot to cushion the effect of HIV/AIDS scourge
in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi.
5.1 Education
Implication of the Study
The study has revealed that HIV/AIDS
is a destructive disease in Nigeria and the world at large and because if its
disastrous result, it is time for all and Sunday (individuals and government)
to join hand and devote our time, energy, resources, knowledge and skills to
fight this dreadful diseases in our midst as future is in our hand.
It also reveled that the spread of
HIV infection and the resultant AIDS scourge can be stopped or reduced in Ikwo
courage can be stopped or reduced in Ikwo local government area of Ebonyi State
in particular and in Nigeria, when we cultivate positive sexual behavior such
as avoidance if pre-marital sex drug addition, having contact with infected
blood through sharing needless or strings etc sticking to one sex partner
(married persons), using condom or abstinence form sex where possible. Thus the
stud revealed that it is only through these measures that hardship, sorrows and
wanton destruction accompanying HIV/AIDS can be avoided and replaced with
well-being, long life and development.
Finally the study revealed that all
to often, HIV/AIDS preventing programme focus on providing information, and
encouraging individuals to change their behaviour sexuality attitude in as much
as possible to reduce or avoid totally the spreading of the deadly diseases
HIV/AIDS in our society.
5.2 Recommendations
Based on the finding of the research work the
following recommendations were made.
1. All
schools should give information about HIV/AIDs virus through sex-education
lessons or classes, curriculum and co-curricular activities for example, world
Health organization (WHO)s report in AIDS. Thus Educations program on HIV/AID
should be included in school curriculum.
2. Mass median: The mass media as an organ of disseminating
information can be very useful in educating people on the prevention and
control of HIV/AIDS for instance, they can relay clear and frank messages about
HIV/AIDS through Radio, Television, newspaper e.t.c. Advertise condom or other
drugs in the market god for prevention and treatment of AIDS.
3. Religious institution: they can educate
the people on the reality and danger posed by HIV/AIDS, through preaching
against immoral behaviour, counseling and workshop on HIV/AIDS and other
sexually transmitted disease and lastly through engaging in house to house
teaching of sound moral behaviour.
4. Government: The government can create a
supportive environment for the prevention and control of AIDs through its
policy and law by (a) providing adequate health services (b) Providing for AID
orphans and widows (c) liaising with traditional partitions with ref and to
application of alternative medicine (d) giving legal right to women e.g right
to refuse sex or leave violet partners.
5. Society: Individuals can reduce the
risk of HIV/AIDS infection only if safer sexual behaviour is easily and widely
accepted as part of every day life in a society. The society can help prevent
spead of HIV/AID through the following ways:
(1) By
promoting teaching (informed, rallies, campaign) on practices and traditions
that reduce risk. (2) challenging or condemning drug or alcohol-related
violence.
5.3 Limitations
of the Study
1. The
limitations of the study were as follows: It was discovered that a man handily
succeeds in an act. Hence h=things have got so repulsive that some ever fake
their answers and so not give true opinions
on the items proving extremes difficulty for researcher to elicited information
form such respondents.
2. In
most cases distance disposition of the respondents and materials made the work
pose much trouble in appropriate cover of research scope. This was again
aggravated by lack of finance as it proves essential commodity in a researcher
engagement.
3. Relevance
and inability to fill in appropriately by the respondents were also militating against
the research though in spite of all set backs the research kept a on success
which was the research target.
5.4 Summary
of the Study
The study was focused on sex
education as a tool for reducing HIV/Aids among secondary schools and also
focused on the general society through making it possible creating public
awareness in the negative effects of HIV/AIDS on human race; particularly in
Ikwo local government Area of Ebonyi State.
Four purpose were formulate to guide
the study thus:
(i) Does
sex education reduce the rate of HIV/AIDs spread in secondary schools
(2) Does
parents contribute to educate youth’s sex education.
3. In
what way has HIV/AID infection affects the health of secondary schools students
in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi state.
4. What
is the role of church to reduce the HIV/AIDS infections in Ikwo Local
Government Area of Ebonyi State.
Conclusion
The findings of the study revealed that appropriate
application of teaching and evaluation of sex education should be a joint
efforts of individual schools, parents, churches and government at level so
that the issue of HIV/AIDS should be a history and hindrance to human progress.
REFERENCES
Ajala (1981) In love with sex Enugu Lag Apostolate
publication.
Anyaoku (2008) Sex in the worlds Religions, Ibadan:
Ilesani Press.
Broaderk B.C (1999) family life education: a
curriculum for teacher and trainers Now York Ny and Lusada Zamsis.
Chimezie (2005) Sex behaviour of Adolescent in typical
Nigerian community; unpublished project university of Calabar Cross River
State.
Daekina (1994) Teach
your child about sex journal of moral education pp. 10
Denga (1988) sex education and adolescence educational
psychology, Ibadan press.
Education Advisory Board (1971) AID prevention and
control, AHRTG ltd.
Glady et Stephen N.(1990) family Education Canada
Global pub. Plc.
Maduabum (1999) AID: Special challenge to woman Enugu
New generation books
Mcnab (1981) Health family living and sex education.
Overview in Nigeria school health journal pp. 1.
Obidike (1998) The Individual sex and society, Nsukka
prize Pub-limited
Okafor (1983) Sex and family living awake Johnson
press.
Watson et Jacks (1969) Education for sexuality
concepts and programme for teaching in secondary schools Ibadan Wilson Press.
World Health Organisation (1993) Comprehensive
Sexuality Education Action Health INC.
APPENDIX 1
Department Of Social Studies/
Primary Education Studies,
National Teachers’ Institute (NTI),
Kaduna.
Dear/Sir/Chief/Madam
I am an undergraduate student of
above mentioned institution currently under taking a research study on sex
education a tool for reducing HIV/AIDS among secondary schools students in Ikwo
local government Area of Ebonyi State.
Please it will be of great pleasure
if you can respond to this questionnaire as information supplied will be
strictly for the purpose of this research.
Thanks.
Yours faithfully,
NAME HERE
APPENDIX II
Questionnaire items
Please
tick (R) on the column that best represent your opinion on
the items.
Strongly
agree - SA
Agree - A
Disagreed - D
Strongly
disagreed - SD
Table
1
Does
sex education reduce the rate of HIV/AIDS spread in secondary schools.
S/N
|
ITEMS
/QUESTIONS
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
1
|
Sex
education has reduced the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among secondary
school students
|
||||
2
|
Sex
education has equally reduced other sexually transmitted infections?
|
||||
3
|
Does
it help adolescents to understand their sex organs and their factions?
|
||||
4
|
Does
it assist girls not to indulge in frequent sexual activities with man
|
||||
5
|
Does
it prevent the risk of having an unwanted pregnancy among youths
|
Do
parents contribute position to educate youth on sex education youth on sex
education
S/N
|
Items /Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
1.
|
HIV/AIDs
cold lead to single parenthood
|
||||
2
|
Mothers
has a great role to educate their daughter the effect of sexual abuse
|
||||
3.
|
Parents
educates their wards on side effect using of contraceptives and drugs abuse
|
||||
4.
|
They
help adolescents to gain the knowledge and skills needed to express their
sexuality in life-enhancing ways.
|
||||
5
|
They
promote sex education amount the youths to grass-root level.
|
Table 3
In what ways has HIV/AIDS affected the health of
secondary school students in Ikwo local of secondary school students
S/N
|
Items
/Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
1
|
HIV/AIDS infections has reduced the number of
students enrollment
|
||||
2
|
It has increase death rate among secondary school students
|
||||
3.
|
It has lead to drug abuse among youth in the society
|
||||
4.
|
HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease and has no cure
|
||||
5
|
HIV/AIDS has increase the Murser of orphan which
creates socio economic problem
|
Table four
What is the role of church as an
agent to reduce HIV/AIDS infection in Ikwo.
S/N
|
Items /Questions
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
1
|
Does
church preaches against sex outside marriage?
|
||||
2
|
Does
she teach about drug abuse and its relate consequence in the society ?
|
||||
3.
|
Provision
of money and materials to orphan homes
|