CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 History of SIWES
1.2 Aim and Objectives of SIWES
1.3 Management of SIWES
1.4 Attachment company (Farm) Background
1.5 Location of the farm
1.6 Vision and mission statement
1.7 Comparative advantage/strength
1.8 Objective of the farm
1.9 Farm concept
2.0 Organogram of the farm
2.1 Functions of the organizational chart
CHAPTER TWO
2.2 practical activities perform during the
industrial attachment programme
2.3 Major activities
2.4 Management, Account/supply section
2.5 Filling of ledger
2.6 Income ledger
2.7 Expenditure ledger
2.8 Preparation of voucher
2.9 Record keeping
3.0 Apirary (Book keeping) section
3.1 Harvest of Riped honey comb
3.2 Processing of the harvested honey comb
3.3 Processing to honey bees wax
3.4 Processing of Honey wine/beer (mead)
3.5 Bee products and uses
Honey medicine
Hone as raw material
Bees was
Propolis
Royal jelly
Bee pollen
Bee venom
3.6
Crop production
Section
3.7
Budding of citrus
3.8
Spraying activities
3.9
Nursery bed
establishment
4.0
Transplanting
seedling
4.1
Planting of crops
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Industrial Attachment Program fulfils part of the
requirement in pursuing the degree of Bachelor of Agric in Ebonyi State University.
This report serves to summarize the activities and experiences gained with
Umuebe farms limited Ezzamgbo Ohukwu L.G.A Ebonyi State.
1.1 HISTORY
OF SIWES
The government’s decree No 47 of 8th
October, 1971 as amended in 1990, highlighted the capacity building of human
resources in industry commerce and government through training and retraining
of workers in order to effectively provide the much needed high quality goods
and services in a dynamic economy as ours.
This
decree led to the establishment of Industrial Training fund (ITF) in 1973/1974.
The growing concern among our industrialist that graduates of our institutions
of higher learning lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for
employment in industries, led to the formation of students Industrial work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) by ITF in 1993/1994. ITF has as one of its key
functions; to work as cooperative entity with industry and commerce where
students in institutions of higher learning can undertake mid-career work
experience attachment in industries which are compatible with student’s area of
study. The students industrial Work-Experience scheme (Siwes) is a skill
training programme designed to expose and prepare students of Agriculture,
Engineering, Technology, environmental science, medical sciences and pure and
applied sciences for the industrial work situation which they are likely to
meet after graduation. Duration of SIWES is four months in polytechnics at the
end of NDI, four months in college of Education at the end of NCEII and six
months in universities at the end of 300, or 400 or 500 levels depending on the
discipline.
1.2 AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
The SIWES scheme is aimed at
exposing students to real life working enviroment enabling them to put into
practice what they have learnt in class,
making them understand the technical implication of their profession as well as
teaching them competence, standard and professionalism.
The
objectives of SIWES among others includes to ;
* Expose
students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery not
available in their institutions.
* Prepare
students for the industrial works situation which they are likely to meet after
graduation.
* Provide
students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation
thereby bridging the gap between theories and practices.
* Provide
an a venue for students in situations of higher learning to acquire industrial
skills and experience in their approved course of study.
1.3 MANAGEMENT
OF SIWES
The bodies involved are:
Federal
Government, industrial Training Fund (ITF), other supervising Agencies are
National University Commission (NUC), National Board for Technical Education
(NBTE), and National council for colleges of
Education (NCCE). The functions of these agencies above include among
others to:
* Ensure adequate funding of the scheme;
* Formulate
polices and guideline for participating bodies and institutions as well as
appointing SIWES coordinators and supporting staff;
* Establish
SIWES and accredit SIWES unit in a proposed institutions;
* Supervise
students at their places of attachment and sign their log-book and ITF forms;
1.4 ATTACHMENT
COMPANY BACKGROUND
Attached company - Umuebe farms
Limited Umuebe farms ltd is a privately held Nigerian limited liability
company, founded by Dr. Sam O. Egwu former democratically elected governor of
Ebonyi state, a crops scientist at University of Nigeria Nsukka. The company
was incorporated in Nigeria on the 6th October 2005 with
registration No RC637507 although started properly in the year 2004 with focus
to encourage, develop and sharpen interest in professional agricultural and
agro-allied enter prices as noble and profitable ventures, thereby cobbling the
problem of food insecurity in Nigeria. The company has extensive experience in
both agriculture and agro-allied enterprises and play deep in the entire system
life-cycle of the economy.
1.5 LOCATION
Umuebe farms L.t.d is located at
Umuebe village in izhiangbo, headquarters of Ohaukwu Local Government Area, in
Ebonyi State. Izhiangbo is situated on the Enugu-Abakaliki express way about 59
kms from Enugu and 21km from Abakaliki, capital of Ebonyi State Nigeria. Umuebe
village in the administrative or operational farm headquaerts while other out-
stations include satellite farm A, satellite farm B, satellite farm C all
located at Oji-ogha Road, Ntsuraakpa, Izhiangbo and Okpoto palm plantation and
mill located at Ekeri loguegbe, Okpoto, Ishielu Local Government Area.
For more information send them an
email, email address:umuebefarmslimited@yahoo.com or call these lines.
1.6 VISION
AND MISSION STATEMENT
Vision: To be a premier agri-business
skills enterprise centre of excellence, growing middle level man power and
developing value chain in agri-business and entrepreneurship.
Mission
statement: To demonstrate organized agro-production and provide top-class
hands-on training to committed agri-business entrepreneurs using up-to-date
production techniques and local resources with a view to restoring
professionalism and strengthening the value chain in agri-business and related
enterprises.
1.7 COMPARATIVE
ADVANTAGE/STRENGTH
To actualize these vision and
mission an Institution - Umuebe farms college approved by Federal ministry of
Education and National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) is attached to the
farm for the purpose of using the farm facilities to train for the purpose of
using the farm facilities to train interested people world wide on modern
Agricultural practices. The primary aim is to equip the trainees practically to
be on their own after drilling them through a designed programme of the
college.
1.8 OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the farm
project among others include to
- Provide opportunities and training
facilities for entrepreneurs.
- Offer
facilities to graduate trainee, researchers and extension workers to practice.
- Encourage,
develop and sharpen interested professionals in agriculture and agro-allied
enterprises as noble and profitable ventures.
- Train
and equip middle-level man-power in agri-business production.
- Serve
as reference data bank for local and regional agrio-business information.
1.9 FARM
CONCEPT
The farm is a conceptualized closed system of mixed
farming and mixed cropping operations with forward and backward linkages the
major enterprises involved include;
Animal
Husbandry section
- Piggery
- Cattle rearing
- Micro-live stock rearing (snails)
- Poultry
Apiary
(Bee keeping) section
- Natural honey production
- Bees wax production
- Production of beekeeping equipment
etc
1.9 FISHERY/FISH
FARMING) SECTION
1.10 CROP
PRODUCTION SECTION
* Orchard crops-citrus, mango, pineapple
* Plantation crops – oil pal, coconut,
plantain etc
* Arable crops – maize, pepper, cucumber
etc
MANAGING DIRECTOR
|
GENERAL MANAGER
|
ACCOUNTANT
|
UNIT SUPERVISORS
1.11 FUNCTIONS
OF THE FARM ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
1. Managing
Director (MD): He is the general overseer and takes all the responsibility of
the farm.
2. General
Manager (GM): He is the make the
decision maker, takes responsibility of the outcome.
3. Supervisors:
They are those individuals that takes responsibilities in different sectors of
the farm. Workers together with the manager.
4. Farm
accountant: He takes the responsibility of recording, analyzing an
interpretation of financial statement of the farm.
5. Cashier:
Works with the accountant as well as
releases the cash as when ado.
6. Foreman: They are the staff that serves as pioneer in a
group.
7. Attendance:
They are those who serves as staff in different section in the farm.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 PRACTICAL
ACTIVITIES PERFORMED
The activities performed during my
industrial attachment program in Umuebe farms Ltd are categorized into
2.1 A. MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND
B. MINOR ACTIVITIES
These
activities were performed in the following sections/departments in the farm.
There
include
- Management, account &supply
section
- Apiary section
- Crop production section
- Fishery/snailery section
- Piggery/cattle section
2.3 MANAGEMENT,
ACCOUNT/SUPPLY SECTION
The following was the major
activities performed in this section during my industrial attachment.
2.4 FILLING
THE LEDGER
Ledger means a financial statement
that shows daily, weekly or monthly transaction made. Ledger summarizes at the
transaction made in the farm. In Umuebe terms ltd, there are basically two forms
of ledger kept in farm
(i) Income
ledger
(ii) Expenditure
ledger.
2.5 INCOME LEDGER
This type of ledger record all forms
of revenue accrued to the farm. This can be prepared daily, weekly monthly or
even yearly.
In Umuebe farms ltd, it was prepared on monthly basis
Table 1: Format for income ledger of
Umuebe farms ltd.
|
S/n
|
Date
|
Particulars
|
Control
|
Honey
|
Maize
|
Plantain
|
Cattle
|
Boar
|
|
1
|
02/11/12
|
Sales of hones
|
2000
|
200
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
5/11/12
|
Sales of boar
|
3500
|
|
|
|
|
35000
|
|
3
|
7/11/12
|
Sales of weaners
|
6000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
9/11/12
|
Sales of maize
|
4900
|
|
4900
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
12/11/12
|
Sales of plantain
|
8050
|
|
|
8050
|
|
|
|
6
|
14/11/12
|
Sales of honey
|
4200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
16/11/12
|
Sales of cattle
|
110000
|
2000
|
4900
|
8050
|
110000
|
|
|
8
|
17/11/12
|
Sales of citrus
|
3600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
19/11/12
|
Sales
of guava
|
500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
174250
|
2000
|
4900
|
3050
|
110000
|
35000
|
2.6 EXPENDITURE
LEDGER
It summarize all the expenses
incurred in the day to day run of the farm, it shows various expenses and their
financial equivalent.
Table
2 Format for expenditure ledger of Umuebe farms ltd.
|
s/n
|
Date
|
Particulars
|
Control
|
Feed ingredient
|
Agro chemical
|
Transport
|
Drug
|
|
1
|
01/9/12
|
Purchase
of 1 trip of spent grain
|
50000
|
50000
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
3/9/12
|
Purchase
Agro chemical
|
12500
|
|
1250
|
|
|
|
3
|
4/9/12
|
Purchase
of premix
|
5200
|
|
|
|
5200
|
|
4
|
5/9/12
|
Transportation
of Okpoto
|
4000
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
5
|
6/9/12
|
Welding
of tractor
|
2500
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
6/9/12
|
Purchase
of 20 bags of soybeans
|
1800
|
1800
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
7/9/12
|
Repair
of tractor type
|
1600
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
8/9/12
|
Drug
for pig
|
1450
|
|
|
|
1450
|
|
|
|
Total
|
79050
|
59800
|
12500
|
4000
|
10650
|
2.7 PREPARATION
OF VOUCHER FOR STAFF SALARY
Voucher means written receipt, acquaintance or release
that serve as evidence of payment or discharge of a debt or to certify the
correctness of account. In Umuebe farms L.t.d, vouchers are prepared monthly.
Table 3 Format for the staff staff
salary voucher in Umuebe farms:
2.9 RECORD
KEEPING
Farm record and account have been
identified as a technical tools in efficient farm management and growth, as
a student of agricultural economics, I
actively participated in farm record and management. Farm record involve record
keeping organized in a systematic way. This involve record of daily activities
of the farm which may be physical or finical aspect. Below are some format of
records kept in Umuebe farms l.t.d during my industrial training attachment.
2.10 APIARY (BEEKEEPING) SECTION
Below are the major activities
performed in this section of the farm during my SIWES program;
2.11 HARVEST
OF RIPPED HONEYCOMB
MATERIAL USED Hive tool, harvesting bucket with lid, quipped
smoker, bee suit and veil, rubber hand groove, boot and harvesting knife.
Procedure;
The bee suit, veil and rubber hand
groove was putted on, the smoker was equipped with dried palm inflorecesence
which produce smoke used to control aggressiveness of the honey bees. Hives stored
with riped and sealed honeycomb was identified, the equipped smoker was used to
smoke inside the hive to control the bees. The crown board was removed and introduced
some smoke inside the hive. After that, the fully stored combs on the frames
was cut into the harvesting bucket and covered immediately with the lid tightly
to prevent honey bees from following the combs. These process was continued
until the ripped comber exhausted. After harvesting from each hive (Langstroth)
arrange the trams and cover the root.
2.12 PROCESSING
OF HARVESTED RIPPED HONEY COME
In Umuebe farms l.t.d, the method used in processing
of harvested honey comb was dripping method
Material used
30
liters processing bucket, sieve, basket, uncapping spoon and 20 liters gallons.
Method
The sieve was loosely tied on the
processing plastic basket placed on top of
30liters processing bucket. The uncapping spoon was used to gently
remove the cap used to seal the stored honey in the comb. After series of
uncapping the sealed comb, allow the uncapped comb to gently drip down the
collecting bucket under the basket. These process continued until all the
harvested honey was re-fined by doubling the sieve. After refining the honey
are safe for use, it was then packed in
a 20 liters gallons ready for packaging.
2.13 HONEY
BEES WAX PROCESSING
Material used:
Extracted honey comb, processing pot,
oven, sieve, collecting bucket, stirrer, mould, water and big spoon.
Procedure
The extracted (processed) honey comb
was soaked in water after about 6-7 days wash the extracted comb thoroughly to
remove honey that was not properly removed during the initial honey processing.
This was to avoid breakage of the wax after processing. After washing, the
extracted comb was introduced into a boiling water. Allow the mixture to thoroughly boil together until
about 20 minutes, when the mixture show some yellowish substance (wax).
Then the big spoon was used to sculp
the mixture in the pot into the sieve that was tightly tied on the collecting
bucket until the content in the pot was exhausted. Then pour into a mould and
allowed to cooled for 24 hours. After that, the moulded wax was floating on top
of the water. Then it was brought out and washed thoroughly. Note, the bees wax
can be used as honey bee attractant by baiting it in and around the hive (bee
man-made home).
2.14 HONEY
WINE/BEER (MEAD) PROCESSING,
Honey wine otherwise called mead is an alcoholic drink
of fermented honey comb and water.
Material used:
Extracted
honey comb, water, bucket sieve
Procedure:
Pour the extracted honey comb into a bucket with
little quantity of water that was added to factiliate the fermentation process.
The lid was used to cover the bucket and its content tightly. The mixture was
allowed to ferment for also at 14 to 15 days. With the aid sieve, the content
was sieved and the collected liquid content is known as Honey wine, otherwise
called mead. It was then packaged in some plastic table water bottles.
Note: This product (honey wine) act as food for
consumption as well as for sale.
2.15 BEE
PRODUCT AND THEIR USES
The
following products are benefits of beekeeping:
(i) Honey: Honey can act as food, medicine
and raw material
(a) As food
– it can act blood builder, growth food, energy food, stimulant and tonic.
(b) As
medicine – it can treat all respiratory diseases (cough, asthma, bronchitis,
tuberculosis), perfect healer of all kind of wound (ulcer, burns or surgery). As
antibiotic, antiviral, promote fertility, toxicities as well as anemia.
(c) As raw
material – for cake and bread making, cream and soap and act as preservative
etc.
(ii) Beeswax: It is useful in production of candle,
shoe softening, shoe polish, textile, dental clinic, electricity as insulator
cosmetics crayon for beautification etc
(iii) Propolis: It is used for making turpentine, paints
malaria remedy, maternal swellings etc
(iv) Royal
Jelly: Highly portentous used for
restoring health, improving fecundity, isometrics, facial creams, skin
conditioners etc.
(v) Pollen:
very high in protein, vitamin, fats, minerals and acid as capsules and tablets.
(vi) Bee
venom: Treats all nervous system disease (rheumatism arthritis, multiple
sclerosis.
2.16 CROP
PRODUCTION SECTION
In this unit, the following are the
major operations carried out in the farm.
2.17 BUDDING
OF CITRUS
Budding
– this is the unite of a bud with a stock commonly used to multiply tree crops such
as roller, cocoa etc. it was opportune to practice budding of two specie of
citrus i.e rough lemon (stock/and sweet orange bud)
Material used:
Rough
lemon (stock), SWEET ORANGE (BUD), budding knife, budding tape, secateur, petroleum
jelly;
PROCEDURE
The dormant bud was cut from a matured
branch, about two years old. The bark of the stock was carefully cut opened in
a T-Shaped form with a budding knife. The bud was inserted into the opening on
the bark of the stock with the node facing upward. The united citrus was tightly
bound into position with the budding tape leaving the node open. The pet volume
jelly was robbed on the surface to prevent air passing through. The budded crop
started shooting after some weeks. When the shoot was well established, the
branches of the stock above the bud was carefully cut off and the wound painted
to avoid fungal and bacteria infection.
2.18 SPRAYING ACTIVITY
This activity involved the use of
chemical (herbicide and pesticide) to control the stubborn activities of the
weeds and pests. I effectively participated in this activity, where I was
taught how to mix chemicals and water at proper proportion. This spraying activity
was carried out in plantation crops, arable, orchard and also pests.
Table 4 Showing various chemicals used
in the farm.
S/N Chemical Function
1. Dimethoate Used to control
pests
2. Biosate (Glyphosate 4%) A
non-selective systemic herbicide
for control of annual and perennial grasses and broad
leaf
3.
Para quite Systems herbicide used to control
herbs.
4. Delsate A systemic herbicide used as pre-
emergent herbicide.
2.18 NURSERY
BED ESTABLISHMENT
Material
used;
Hoe,
Garden fork, cutlass, cultivator, Animal dung.
Method
The
site was cleared with cutlass, tilled with hoe, harrowed using cultivator and
garden fork. The animal dung was incorporated in the soil turned with the aid
of garden fork. Cultivator was used to
make furrow in form of drill. The seeds was introduced to the soil and covered
lightly with top soil.
2.20 TRANSPLANTING
OF SEEDLING
Activity
– Transplanting of Nsukka pepper material; Nsukka pepper seedlings, garden
fork, hand trowel, shovel, hand pan and cutlass procedure;
After the site (bed) preparation,
the bed was marked out into planting distance, of 60 cm x 60 cm apart up root
the seedlings and transferred to the site using hand trowel. This transplanting
activity was done at the early hours of the day.
2.21 Plating
of Crops’
During the industrial attachment in
the farm, some crops was planted.
Table 5: Shows different crops that was planted
materials used, seed rate and planting distance.
|
S/N
|
Crops
|
Spacing
|
Seed rate
|
Tools used
|
|
2
|
Nsukka
pepper
|
One
seedling per stand
|
60cm
x 60cm
|
Garden
fork, tape cultivater, hoe, cutlass
|
|
3
|
Maize
|
2
per stand
2
per stand
|
50cm
x50cm
|
|
|
4
|
Cucumber
|
2
per tend
|
1m
x 1m
|
|
|
5
|
Okro
|
|
60cm
x 45cm
|
|
2.22 FISHERY/SNAILERY
SECTION
The specie of fish reared in Umuebe
farms ltd is known as catfish (Dutch hollandisch). They are reared in the
concrete pond with dimension 10m x 5m with carrying capacity of about 10,000
fingerlings. They also have an earthen pond with dimension 8m x 5m. Below are
the major activities performed during my industrial attachment program in this
unit.
STOCKING OF FINGERLINGS
Catish
(Dutch hollandisch) is a specie found in fresh water habitant with
comparative advantage of enough muscular body. Stocking of fish was done as
followed.
Procedure:
The fingerlings was brought in a
perforated 50 liters gallons with little quantity of water. It was gently
turned into some big bowls containing water. Some sachet of fish vit plus (an
antistress, multivitamin, amino acid and mineral for fishes) was added to boost
feed efficiency, growth control of stress situation as a result of bacterial
diseases, transportation and sorting. The pond was tested to check the level of
acidity and alkality of the pond (water). Note: catfish perform optimal in
alkaline medium ((8 to 8.5) to acidic medium. The fingerlings in the big bowl
was gently introduced to the pond (concrete).
FISH FEED FORMULATION
Feed formulation is all about proper
mixing of feed ingredients in a proper proportion to meet all the nutritional
requirement . In Umuebe farms ltd, feed formulation was done mechanically use
of machine such as grinder mixer, wet mixer, pelleting machine and drier.
Method of formulation
The method used in fish feed
formulation in Umuebe farms ltd was by use of machine. It involved, packing the
ingredients into the grinds to crush it into fine particles. The grinded
particular was transferred into the mixer.
After that to the wet-mixer where
little quantity of water was added to moisten the particles the feed water was
added to moisten the particular. The feed water transferred to the pelleting
machine that modified the feeds in pellets such as 6mm and 8mm sizes. The
pelleted feed was packed into the drier (machine with an electric motor and
oven) to reduce the moisture content of the formulated fish feed. It was then
packaged into a 15kg fish feed bags.
Grinding of the
ingredients (by the grinder
|
Mixing of the grinded ingredient (In the mixer)
|
Wet mixing of the gradient (by wet mixer)
|
Pelleting of the feed (by the pelleting machine)
|
Drying of the feed
|
Packaging (15kg bags)
Flowchart
of the fish feed formulation of Umuebe farms limited
COMPOSITION OF FISH FEED
The nutritional composition are made up of energy
source, protein, vitamin, mineral for proper growth and resistance to diseases.
Table
6: Shows the description of feed ingredient and their various quantities used
in fish formulation in Umuebe farms limited.
|
S/N
|
DESCRIPTION
|
QUANTITY (KG)
|
|
1
|
Maize
|
300
|
|
2
|
GNC
(groundnut)
|
260
|
|
3
|
Biscuit
waste
|
190
|
|
4
|
oyster
shell
|
10
|
|
5
|
Fishmeal
72%
|
194
|
|
6
|
Methionine
|
1
|
|
7
|
Lysine
|
1
|
|
8
|
Fish
premix
|
2.5
|
|
9
|
O.T.C
|
1.25
|
|
10
|
Vitamin
c supper
|
1.25
|
|
11
|
Merament
plus
|
1.25
|
|
12
|
Salt
|
3
|
Total
composition ® 1005.25kg
Sorting of Fish
Sorting
means separation of the fishes into different sizes.
Material used
Fish
net, sculp net, big and small bowls, basket net, fish vit plus (anti stress as
a result sorting).
Procure;
The volume of water in the pond was reduce to enable
the fish to be caught with the aid of fish net and the sculp net. The captured fishes was poured into the big
bowl where there were separated to different sizes using the small bowl. The
fishes was sorted into big, medium and
small sizes and was introduced back to their respective ponds according to
their sizes. Fish vit plus (antistress as a result of sorting) was added and later
fresh water was filled to the adequate level defending their sizes.
2.23 SNAILERY
The specie of snail reared in Umuebe
farms limited is known as African Giant Land Snail (Achatina achatina). It is
reared in an artificially created natural enviroment called snail hutch. Snails
are vegetarian and will accept virturlly
many varieties of food.
Table 7: Different
feeds for snail and their examples. These was fed to snails in Umuebe farms
Ltd.
|
s/n
|
Feeds
|
Example
|
|
1
|
Leaves/weeds
|
Leaucina,
centrosema, telfera a Ahuji, waterleaf, pawpaw, Okra, cocoyam.
|
|
2
|
Tubers
|
Cocoyam,
sweet potato, cassava, yam.
|
|
3
|
Grains
|
Maize
chaff or pap.
|
|
4
|
Fruits
|
Banana,
egg plant, mango pawpaw, cucumber, pear, oil palm all sliced.
|
Note
Snails
reach their maturity fat the age of 4 to 8 months or at 90to B5g weight
depending on how they are feed.
* To
enhance their growth, snails are provided with mixture (different ) food rather
than only one food item.
* Snails
avoid hairy plants and plant that produce defensive chemicals
Table 8: shows chemical that are
poisonous to snails.
|
S/N
|
Chemicals
|
|
1
|
Chlorinated
treated water with alum or any other chemical
|
|
2
|
Law
cement
|
|
3
|
Solignum
that is used to treat wood against termites
|
|
4
|
Kerosene
|
|
5
|
Poultry
feeds mixed with lysine, methionine and or vitamin premix.
|
Table
9 shows animals that are dangerous to snails
|
1
|
Snakes
|
|
2
|
Forest
spiders
|
|
3
|
Birds/turkeys,
ducks
|
|
4.
|
Hawks
|
|
5
|
Lizard
|
|
6.
|
Frogs
|
|
7
|
Rats
|
|
8
|
Man
|
2.24
LIVESTOCK SECTION
Livestock
section are divided into two major units in Umuebe farms limited.
Cattle
Piggery
My
major activities that was performed in
piggery unit. They include;
2.25 FEED
FORMULATION
The
method of feed formulation or compounding is manual. That is locally compounded
feed with local resources (ingredients).In piggery unit feed are formulated based on the classes
of pigs. ie (a) Weaner stock feeds (b) Breeding and grower stock feeds:
Table
9: shows different feed ingredients
and their composition for breeding and growers stocks in Umuebe farms limited.
|
S/No
|
Feed
ingredient
|
%
composition
|
|
1
|
Spent
grains (Brewery waste)
|
45
|
|
2
|
Soya
beans
|
5
|
|
3
|
Rice
dust
|
15
|
|
4
|
Palm
kernel cake (PKC)
|
15
|
|
5
|
Maize
(Akumu chaff
|
5
|
|
6
|
Cassava
peel
|
5
|
|
7
|
Bone
meal
|
2
|
|
8
|
Salt
|
1
|
|
9
|
Fruits
|
1
|
|
|
Total
composition =
|
94%
|
Table
10 showing different feed ingredients and their compost ion for weaner’s stock
in Umuebe farms limited.
|
S/N
|
Feed
ingredients
|
%
composition
|
|
1
|
Spent
beans
|
40
|
|
2
|
Soya
beans
|
20
|
|
3
|
Rice
dust
|
10
|
|
4
|
Palm kernel cake
|
15
|
|
5
|
Maize
(Akumu chaff)
|
5
|
|
6
|
Cassava
peel
|
5
|
|
7
|
Bone
meal
|
2
|
|
8
|
Salt
|
1
|
|
9
|
Fruit
cucumber sliced
|
1
|
Total
composition = 99%
Table 11 showing description of feed ingredients and
their functions.
|
S/N
|
Feed
ingredients
|
%
composition
|
|
1
|
Spend
grains
|
Energy
source that is made up of brewery waste such as wheat, maize
|
|
2
|
Soya
bean
|
It
is a protein source from plant for replacing worn-out tissue.
|
|
3
|
Rice
dust
|
Energy
source, mineral, vitamin
|
|
4
|
Maize
|
Carbohydrate
and some vitamins.
|
|
5
|
Palm
kernel cake pkc
|
For
lipid and little protein
|
|
6
|
Bone
meal
|
Provide
calcium and iron in pigs
|
|
7
|
Salt
|
mineral(sodium
chloride Nacl provide energy.
|
|
8
|
Cassava
peel
|
Provide
energy
|
|
9
|
Fruit
|
Minerals
and vitamins
|
2.26 CASTRATION
OF PIGLETS
Castration
simply means the removal of testicles of a male animal. It is preferably done
at the early life of the animal about 2-3 weeks old.
2.27 AIM
AND OBJECTIVE OF CASTRATION IN ANIMAL
- It prevent transmission of unwanted
genes.
- It prevent transmission of vernal
diseases material used;
Material
used; Surgical blade, razor blade, hand groove, cotton wool, disinfectant, forcept,
syringe chemicals like lidocaine, procaine and hand bowl.
Procedure;
The hand groove was putted on to
prevent transmission of the infections disease. Disinfectant was added in a
hand bowl containing water. The young boar was stretched on the operational
table and held firmly by three attendants, in addition to the operator. The
disinfected water was used to wash thoroughly the scrotal area to soften the
area as well as check pathogens. The rectum temperature was determined by
inserting the thermometer and left for some minutes. It was 39.60C. The scrotal
area was shaved. 1ml lidocaine (anaestheties) was injected on the base and on
the scrotum to immobilize the piglet. A surgical blade was used to make an icision
on the scrotum exposing the testicles. The forceps was used to hold the testicle
and was litigated with chronic cat gut and cut one after the other. Cotton wool
soaked in hydrogen peroxide was used to clean up the area to avoid infections 1
ml of procaine was injected for quick healing of the wound.
2.28 VACCINATION/TREATMENT
Vaccination is the introduction of organism,
bacterial or vaccine into an animal to enable it produced antibodies against
diseases.
Table12 showing list of vaccines used in Umuebe farms
limited during my industrial attachment
program in piggery unit.
|
s/n
|
Vaccine
|
Dosage
|
Function
|
|
1
|
Oxytetracycline
|
1ml/20kg
|
Prevent
bacterial infection
|
|
2
|
Ivomectin
|
3
ml/20kg
|
For
deworming
|
|
3
|
Levermisole
|
3
ml/20kg
|
Prevent
helminthic
|
|
4
|
Iron
dextran
|
1ml/1okg
|
Prevent
anaemia
|
|
5.
|
Adamacine
|
2ml/40kg
|
Prevent
kakis
|
OTHER ACTIVITIES PERFORMED INCLUDE
- Attending seminar/ Agric show
- Colony division
- Field inspection
- Queen caging
- Draining/scrubbing ^the pond.
- Feeding the fish
- Gathering feed for snail
- watering of the snail hutch
- Irrigation of crops
- Harvesting
2.29 ATTENDING
SEMINAR/AGRIC EXHIBITION(SHOW)
I was a participant is a two day
Agric exhibition and seminar organized by southeastern all farmers of Nigeria.
Sixth edition of their annual programme held at monodotel hotel off-opkara avenue Enugu,Enugu state Nigeria.
2.30 COLONY
DIVISION
As the name implies, colony division
is the act of creating a new colony from
an existing one. It became necessary, If the existing colony show some signs
such as
i. Presence of drone in the colony
ii. Queen cell or cells in the colony
It
the above signs are seen in a colony, there is every need to embank on colony
division else it can lead to (1) swarming (Movement or flying away of group of
bees) or (2) absconding (total move away of bees from their live). Remember
that colony that is preparing to swarm is looking home; you can give them that
home
Field
inspection
This activity was done in Apiary
unit. It involve (1) external field inspection and (2) internal fields
inspection. It is done forthnightly to ascertain or check the activities of
bees both externally and internally. It helps to detect if there is change in
the normal activities of the honeybees. It is the responsibility of every honey
beekeepers to check there hive often so as to avoid the pain of losing a very
strong colony to swarming or absconding.
2.31 QUEEN
CAGING
This activity is done when there is
need to raise queen bees. It involve locating the queen bee and cage her inside
the queen kit where her movement are limited, inside the kit are some
artificial cells where she lays the eggs and the beekeeper will introduce the
eggs into an artificial queen cells, where the worker bees synthesizes royal
jelly used to feed them as destined queens until eggs hatches out into a new
queen bee and is used raise another colony.
2.32 DRAINING/SCROBBING
OF THE POND
This activity involve reducing the
level of water in the pond and the use of brush and salt to scrobe the wall and
floor of the fish pond to remove the hard accumulated green-algae that compete
for oxygen availability and circulation in the pond. After the removal clean
and fresh water was added and some sachet of fish vit plus (an anti-stress,
multivitamin, amino acid and mineral for fishes) was added.
2.33 FEEDING
OF FISH
The importance of feed
cannot be over emphasized. In Umuebe farms limited, at the early stage
of the fishes the type of feed used was on imported fish feed called cuppenes
with different diameters such as 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4.5mm and at the advanced
6mm,8mm and 9mm of local fish feed called vital feed was used to feed to fish
three time daily.
2.34 WATERING
OF THE SNAIL HUTCH
As the dry spell set in toward November,
there was need to irrigate the snail hutch since snail need a very warm and
calm environment to thrive, watering of the hutch was done every morning
2.35 IRRIGATION
OF CROPS
This
activity was done in the late maize and the Nsukka pepper farm, newly
cultivated cucumber inclusive. It was done every morning.
2.36 HARVESTING
Harvesting of some farm produce such
as cucumber, early maize, okra, Nsukka pepper, citrus (lemon, shaddock and sweet
orange), Guava, plantain, banana etc was
also done during my industrial attachment program in Umuebe farm limited.
2.37 ECONOMIC
COST ANALYSIS IN LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL
SECTION)
Table 13: Fixed
cost
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Boreholes
|
5
|
50,000
|
250,000
|
|
2
|
Wheel
barrow
|
2
|
5000
|
10,000
|
|
3
|
Fish
pond
|
3
|
50,000
|
150,000
|
|
4
|
Hives
|
76
|
4000
|
432,000
|
|
5
|
Generator
|
1
|
120,000
|
120,000
|
|
6
|
Buildings
|
8
|
350,000
|
2,8000.00
|
|
7
|
Hose
|
3
|
3000
|
90000
|
|
8
|
Bullets(bowl)
busket
|
15
|
300
|
4500
|
|
9
|
Spade/shovel
|
10
|
800
|
8000
|
|
10
|
Cutlasses/hoe
|
13
|
950
|
12350
|
|
11
|
Line
rental & main tenancy fee
|
-
|
-
|
15000
|
|
|
TFC
|
|
|
3687850
|
TABLE 14 SHOWING VARIABLE COST OF
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL) SECTION
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Unit
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Feeds
|
Kg
|
750
|
150
|
1,125000
|
|
2
|
Labour
Cost
|
Mandays
|
|
|
10000
|
|
3
|
Transportations
|
|
|
|
21,050
|
|
4
|
Maintenance
of machineries & equipment
|
|
|
|
4500
|
|
5
|
Drugs/vaccines
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
Diesel/fuel
|
Litre
|
60
|
120
|
1000
|
|
7
|
Disinfectant
|
|
|
|
7200
|
|
8
|
Syringe
|
|
|
|
3900
|
|
9
|
Repairing
of pens
|
|
|
|
1150
|
|
10
|
Brooms
|
|
7
|
50
|
4100
|
|
11
|
Cement
|
|
2
|
1650
|
350
|
|
12
|
Hand
glove
|
Kg
|
12
|
300
|
3300
|
|
13
|
Nose
mask
|
|
12
|
50
|
3600
|
|
|
TVC
1185750
|
||||
TABLE 15: RETURNS FROM LIVESTOCK SECTION
FROM JULY TO DECEMBER
|
Month
|
Items sold
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total
price
|
|
July
|
Honey
|
21kg
|
2000
|
42000
|
|
|
Bee was
|
-
|
-
|
4200
|
|
|
Pork
|
36kg
|
900
|
32400
|
|
|
Growers
|
11
|
15000
|
165000
|
|
|
Culled sow
|
2
|
45000
|
90000
|
|
|
Weaners
|
16
|
5800
|
92800
|
|
|
Barrow
|
1
|
34000
|
34000
|
|
|
Boar
|
1
|
39500
|
39500
|
|
|
Cattle
|
2
|
96500
|
193000
|
|
Sub total
|
|
|
|
1048400
|
|
August
|
Weaners
|
25
|
5500
|
137500
|
|
|
Culled sow
|
3
|
43500
|
130500
|
|
|
Growers
|
9
|
16000
|
144000
|
|
|
Barrow
|
1
|
33500
|
33500
|
|
|
Pork
|
39kg
|
900
|
35100
|
|
|
Cattle
|
1
|
105,500
|
105,500
|
|
|
Bee was
|
-
|
-
|
3900
|
|
|
Honey
|
15kg
|
2000
|
30000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
620000
|
|
Month
|
Items sold
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
September
|
Snails
|
35
|
500
|
17500
|
|
|
Bee
was
|
-
|
-
|
4700
|
|
|
Honey
|
27
|
2000
|
45000
|
|
|
Cattle
|
2
|
100000
|
200,000
|
|
|
Culled
sow
|
2
|
50000
|
100000
|
|
|
Boar
|
2
|
38500
|
77000
|
|
|
Weaners
|
34
|
6000
|
204000
|
|
|
Growers
|
14
|
16500
|
231000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
888200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
October
|
Snails
|
21
|
500
|
10500
|
|
|
Bee was
|
-
|
-
|
6600
|
|
|
Honey
|
33kg
|
200
|
66000
|
|
|
Boar
|
1
|
36000
|
36000
|
|
|
Culled sow
|
2
|
385000
|
77000
|
|
|
Growers
|
13
|
16500
|
214500
|
|
|
Weaners
|
25
|
6000
|
150000
|
|
|
Barrow
|
2
|
36500
|
73000
|
|
|
Honey wine
|
5kg
|
500
|
2500
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
636100
|
|
636100
|
|
|
|
|
|
Month
|
Items sold
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
November
|
Fish (catfish)
|
32kg
|
900
|
28800
|
|
|
Snails
|
28
|
500
|
14000
|
|
|
Bee was
|
-
|
-
|
8050
|
|
|
Honey
|
36kg
|
2000
|
72000
|
|
|
Boar
|
2
|
38500
|
77000
|
|
|
Culled sow
|
2
|
41500
|
83000
|
|
|
Honey wine
|
15kg
|
500
|
7500
|
|
|
Weaners
|
31
|
6200
|
192200
|
|
|
Barrow
|
2
|
372000
|
74400
|
|
|
Growers
|
22
|
16500
|
363000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
919950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
|
Fish (catfish)
|
120kg
|
900
|
108000
|
|
|
Snails
|
25
|
500
|
12500
|
|
|
Bee wax
|
-
|
-
|
10500
|
|
|
Honey wine
|
21kg
|
500
|
10500
|
|
|
Honey
|
2
|
2000
|
78000
|
|
|
Culled row
|
2
|
45500
|
91000
|
|
|
Boar
|
41/kg
|
40000
|
80000
|
|
|
Pork
|
35
|
900
|
36900
|
|
|
Weaners
|
29
|
6500
|
227500
|
|
|
Growers
|
|
16500
|
478500
|
|
|
Barrow
|
2
|
40000
|
80000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
1213400
|
Total
cost = N4853600
Total
revenue = N10484000+ N620000
+ N888200
+ N636100 + N919950 + N1213400
= N5,326050
But
Gross
margin (GM) = TR – TVC
:.
N5326050 – N1185758
Gross
margin (GM) = N4140292
However
Profit
Ù = TR-TC
= N472453
:.
Profit(Ù) = N472453
4.2 ECONOMIC
COST ANALYSIS OF FIXED COST IN CROP
PRODUCTION
SECTION
TABLE 16: FIXED COST
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Unit
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Land
|
Ha
|
10
|
150,000
|
1,500,000
|
|
2
|
Tractor
|
-
|
1
|
172000
|
172000
|
|
3
|
Disc
plough
|
|
1
|
32000
|
32000
|
|
4
|
Hoe
|
|
5
|
450
|
2250
|
|
5
|
Garden
fish
|
|
4
|
350
|
1400
|
|
6
|
Cutlass
|
|
15
|
350
|
8250
|
|
7
|
Cultivator
|
|
8
|
550
|
1200
|
|
8
|
Knapsack
|
|
4
|
4500
|
18000
|
|
9
|
Sprayer
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
Rainbow
|
|
8pair
|
250
|
2000
|
|
11
|
Hose
|
|
3
|
3000
|
9000
|
|
12
|
Boreholes
|
|
5
|
30000
|
250000
|
|
13
|
Wheel
|
|
2
|
5000
|
10000
|
|
|
TFC
|
|
|
2,996100
|
|
TABLE 17: VARIABLES COST (INPUTS)
|
S/N
|
INPUT
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Pepper
Seeds
|
2
tins
|
500
|
1000
|
|
2
|
Maize
seeds
|
5
sachet
|
450
|
2250
|
|
3
|
Okra
seeds
|
I
sahet
|
150
|
150
|
|
4
|
Cucumber
seeds
|
5
sachet
|
350
|
350
|
|
5
|
Herbicides
|
14
cartons
|
3500
|
3500
|
|
6
|
Pesticides
|
Car
tons
|
250
|
2500
|
|
7
|
Fertilizes
|
35
begs
|
3200
|
3200
|
|
8
|
Transportation
|
|
850
|
8550
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Labour
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ploughing
|
|
-
|
12500
|
|
|
Fertilizer
|
|
|
2500
|
|
|
Application
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chemical
|
|
|
1500
|
|
|
Application
|
|
|
|
|
|
Needing
|
|
|
3800
|
|
|
Harvesting
|
|
|
2000
|
TABLE 18: FIXED COST
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Unit
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Citrus
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
105000
|
|
2
|
Palm
produce
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
3
|
Plantain
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
Maize
|
kg
|
6851
|
20
|
101000
|
|
5
|
Banana
|
kg
|
1592
|
50
|
1325000
|
|
6
|
Cucumber
|
kg
|
1821
|
100
|
137020
|
|
7
|
Coconut
|
kg
|
2912
|
50
|
79600
|
|
8
|
Guova
|
kg
|
1493
|
50
|
74650
|
|
9
|
Okro
|
kg
|
1664
|
100
|
1594000
|
|
10
|
Pepper
|
kg
|
1967
|
200
|
393400
|
|
11
|
Water
leaf
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
5500
|
|
12
|
Pawpaw
|
kg
|
2425
|
50
|
121250
|
|
13
|
pineapple
|
kg
|
950
|
70
|
66500
|
|
|
TR
|
|
|
4877620
|
|
TC = TFC + TVC
TC = N200600 + N217300
TC = N2223400
But
Tr = N40877620
SO,
Gross
Margin (gm) = tr-tr
:.4877620
– 217300
Gross
margin (GM) = N4660320
However,
Profit
x = TR - TC
Profit
(x) = TR - RC
Profit
(x) = N2644200
2.37 CONSTRAINS/OBSERVATION
The following are the challenges faced in the course
of my industrial attachment programme in Umuebe farms limited.
1. Just
like other industries/companies in Nigeria, the epileptic power supply from
power holding company of Nigeria was disastrous to the growth of the farm.
2. Accommodation
was also a very big challenging factors as most of the worker/staffs reside
kilometers away from the farm which a lot of lateness, absenteeism and excuses
so the farm suffers the outcome.
3. Most
of the staffs are unskilled, only one or two are expert in their fields so more
are required.
4. Poor
veterinary service. The supervisor in charge of this area was not effective in discharging her duty especially
in cattle unit as most of the cattle was
seen with one infection or the other such as scabies.
5. Transportation
was a very big challenge especially to
I.T students as the stipends given to I.T students a times was into
Forthcoming.
2.38 MY
RELEVANCE TO UMUEBE FARMS LIMITED
Within the specified compulsory six
months of industrial attachment in Umuebe farms limited Izhiangbo, my impart
over the period was enormous.
1. The
work in the accounting and supply unit was effective and much more easier for
the accountant and cashiers as a result of my indispensable input in preparation
of payment voucher as well as filling of ledger (income and expenditure).
2. I was
also instrumental in the areas of advertisement and marketing of their farm
produce/products especially in the Agric exhibition and seminar held at Enugu
state Nigeria.
3. In the
aspect of record keeping, I was also valuable because the case of improper or
inappropriate record keeping was things of the past.
4. During
the programme, I participated effectively in all activities in different unit
of the farm thereby contributing so much to the progress of the farm.
CHAPTER THREE
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND EVOLUTION OF
THE FARM
Umuebe farms limited has contribute
immensely to agriculture and socio-economic development in this state and
Nigeria at large.
Some major achievement includes;
1. The farm through its institution,
Umuebe farms college approved by federal ministry of Education and National
Board for technical Education NBTE) serve as an avenue to train interested
Nigerian and also a research centre on modern Agricultural practice. The
primary aim was equip the trainees patriotically to be self employed after
thoroughly drilling them though designed programme of the college.
2. The farm boost of centre where natural
and quality honey are produced in a reasonable quantity.
3. The farm has in the part years
offered numerous employment
opportunities to Nigeria workforce.
Staffing
Umuebe farm limited has both skilled
and unskilled staff, the skilled include managing director manager, accounted
and supervisors. The unskilled staff are mostly the causal attendants in the
farm.
Table
below shows job qualification of the staffs of Umuebe farms ltd (UFL)
|
s/n
|
Staff office
|
qualification
|
|
1
|
Managing
director
|
PhD
|
|
2
|
General
manager
|
B.
Agric, MSC Economics
|
|
3
|
Accountant
|
BSc.
Account
|
|
4
|
Supervisor
|
HND/OND
in Agric
|
|
5
|
Veterinary
specialist
|
OND
in vet school
|
|
6
|
Receptionist
|
Olevel
|
|
7
|
Driver
|
Driving
liences
|
|
8
|
Security
men (civil defence)
|
O’Level
|
|
9
|
In
student
|
I.T
posting letter.
|
STAFF CONTROL DISCIPLINE AND SANCTIONS
In case of indiscipline, the
following are laid down sanctions and punishment assigned to any misconduct.
|
s/n
|
Indiscipline
|
sanction
|
|
1
|
Use
of abusive words
|
Caution
|
|
2
|
quarrelling
|
Caution
|
|
3
|
Fitting
|
Caution/query
|
|
4
|
Dodging
of work
|
Query
|
|
5.
|
Absenteeism
without
|
Salary
reduction
|
|
6
|
Stealing
|
expulsion
|
MANAGERIAL OUTFIT
The farm is currently managed by an Agricultural
economist. He deploy all the managerial skills in how the farm should be run,
in controlling of staff and indecision making process go as to maximal output
at a minimal cost.
RECOMMENDATION
I recommend the farm to make used of
their abundant resource such as large parcel of land in the farm, instead of
allowing it to lie waste, it should be channel towards a productive
agricultural venture which will iprove their net farm income. Secondly the farm
should make their farm college affordable smile the primary aim of its
establishment is to train interested Nigerians that will be able to stand
firmly on their own after passing though the college.
I also wish to remind the school
Institutions), the importance of posting their students on their practical year
to places that are relevant to their field of study during their industrial
training programme instead of allowing them to choose their convenient places
at the detriment to their course of study.
Finally the federal government
should raise to their responsibilities and design the SIWEs programme in such a
way students after passing through the scheme becomes job creators and not job
seekers.
ECONOMIC COST ANALYSIS IN LIVESTOCK
(ANIMAL SECTION)
Table 17
Fixed cost
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Boreholes
|
5
|
50,000
|
250,000
|
|
2
|
Wheel
barrow
|
2
|
5000
|
10,000
|
|
3
|
Fish
pond
|
3
|
50,000
|
150,000
|
|
4
|
Hives
|
76
|
4000
|
432,000
|
|
5
|
Generator
|
1
|
120,000
|
120,000
|
|
6
|
Buildings
|
8
|
350,000
|
2,8000.00
|
|
7
|
Hose
|
3
|
3000
|
90000
|
|
8
|
Bullets(bowl)
bucket
|
15
|
300
|
4500
|
|
9
|
Spade/shovel
|
10
|
800
|
8000
|
|
10
|
Cutlasses/hoe
|
13
|
950
|
12350
|
|
11
|
Line
rental & main tenancy fee
|
-
|
-
|
15000
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3687850
|
|
|
TC = 4853600
|
|||
TABLE SHOWING VARIABLE COST OF ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS FOR LIVESTOCK (ANIMAL) SECTION
TABLE
18
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Unit
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Feeds
|
Kg
|
750
|
150
|
1,125000
|
|
2
|
Labour
Cost
|
Mondays
|
|
|
10000
|
|
3
|
Transportations
|
|
|
|
21,050
|
|
4
|
Maintenance
of machineries & equipment
|
|
|
|
4500
|
|
5
|
Drugs/vaccines
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
Oresel/fuel
|
Live
|
60
|
120
|
1000
|
|
7
|
Disinfectant
|
|
|
|
7200
|
|
8
|
Syringe
|
|
|
|
3900
|
|
9
|
Repairing
of pens
|
|
|
|
1150
|
|
10
|
Brooms
|
|
7
|
50
|
4100
|
|
11
|
Cement
|
|
2
|
1650
|
350
|
|
12
|
Hand
glove
|
Kg
|
12
|
300
|
3300
|
|
13
|
Nose
mask
|
|
12
|
50
|
3600
|
|
|
TVC
1185750
Returns
from livestock section from July to December
|
||||
Table 19
|
Month
|
Items sold
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
July
|
Honey21kg
|
21kg
|
2000
|
42000
|
|
|
Bee
was
|
-
|
-
|
4200
|
|
|
Pork
|
36kg
|
900
|
32400
|
|
|
Growers
|
11
|
15000
|
165000
|
|
|
Culled
sow
|
2
|
45000
|
90000
|
|
|
Weaners
|
16
|
5800
|
92800
|
|
|
Barrow
|
1
|
34000
|
34000
|
|
|
Boar
|
1
|
39500
|
39500
|
|
|
cattle
|
2
|
96500
|
193000
|
|
Sub
total
|
|
|
|
8400
|
|
August
|
Weaners
|
25
|
5500
|
137500
|
|
|
Culled
sow
|
3
|
43500
|
130500
|
|
|
Growers
|
9
|
16000
|
144000
|
|
|
Barrow
|
1
|
33500
|
33500
|
|
|
Pork
|
39kg
|
900
|
35100
|
|
|
Cattle
|
1
|
105,500
|
105,500
|
|
|
Bee
was
|
-
|
-
|
3900
|
|
|
Honey
|
15kg
|
2000
|
30000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
620007
|
|
Month
|
Items sold
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
September
|
Snails
|
35
|
500
|
17500
|
|
|
Bee
was
|
-
|
-
|
4700
|
|
|
Honey
|
27
|
2000
|
45000
|
|
|
Cattle
|
2
|
100000
|
200,000
|
|
|
Culled
sow
|
2
|
50000
|
100000
|
|
|
Boar
|
2
|
38500
|
77000
|
|
|
Weaners
|
34
|
6000
|
204000
|
|
|
Growers
|
14
|
16500
|
231000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
888200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
October
|
Snails
|
21
|
500
|
10500
|
|
|
Bee was
|
-
|
-
|
6600
|
|
|
Honey
|
33kg
|
200
|
66000
|
|
|
Boar
|
1
|
36000
|
36000
|
|
|
Culled sow
|
2
|
385000
|
77000
|
|
|
Growers
|
13
|
16500
|
214500
|
|
|
Weaners
|
25
|
6000
|
150000
|
|
|
Barrow
|
2
|
36500
|
73000
|
|
|
Honey wine
|
5kg
|
500
|
2500
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
636100
|
|
636100
|
|
|
|
|
|
Month
|
Items sold
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
November
|
Fish (catfish)
|
32kg
|
900
|
28800
|
|
|
Snails
|
28
|
500
|
14000
|
|
|
Bee was
|
-
|
-
|
8050
|
|
|
Honey
|
36kg
|
2000
|
72000
|
|
|
Boar
|
2
|
38500
|
77000
|
|
|
Culled sow
|
2
|
41500
|
83000
|
|
|
Honey wine
|
15kg
|
500
|
7500
|
|
|
Weaners
|
31
|
6200
|
192200
|
|
|
Barrow
|
2
|
372000
|
74400
|
|
|
Growers
|
22
|
16500
|
363000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
919950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
|
Fish (catfish)
|
120kg
|
900
|
108000
|
|
|
Snails
|
25
|
500
|
12500
|
|
|
Bee wax
|
-
|
-
|
10500
|
|
|
Honey wine
|
21kg
|
500
|
10500
|
|
|
Honey
|
2
|
2000
|
78000
|
|
|
Culled row
|
2
|
45500
|
91000
|
|
|
Boar
|
41/kg
|
40000
|
80000
|
|
|
Pork
|
35
|
900
|
36900
|
|
|
Weaners
|
29
|
6500
|
227500
|
|
|
Growers
|
|
16500
|
478500
|
|
|
Barrow
|
2
|
40000
|
80000
|
|
Sub-total
|
|
|
|
121340
|
Total
cost = N4853600
Total
revenue = 10484000+620000
+ 888200 + 636100 + 919950 + 1213400
= N5,326050
But
Gross
margin (GM) = TR – TVC
:.
5326050 – 1185758
Gross
margin (GM) = N4140292
However
Profit
Ù = TR-TC
5326050 –
4853600
= N472453
:.
Profit(Ù) = 472453
ECONOMIC COST ANALYSIS OF FIXED COST IN
CROP PRODUCTION SECTION
FIXED COST TABLE 20
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Unit
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Land
|
Ha
|
10
|
150,000
|
1,500,000
|
|
2
|
Tractor
|
-
|
1
|
172000
|
172000
|
|
3
|
Disc
plough
|
|
1
|
32000
|
32000
|
|
4
|
Hoe
|
|
5
|
450
|
2250
|
|
5
|
Garden
fish
|
|
4
|
350
|
1400
|
|
6
|
Cutlass
|
|
15
|
350
|
8250
|
|
7
|
Cultivator
|
|
8
|
550
|
1200
|
|
8
|
Knapsack
|
|
4
|
4500
|
18000
|
|
9
|
Sprayer
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
Rainbow
|
|
8pair
|
250
|
2000
|
|
11
|
Hose
|
|
3
|
3000
|
9000
|
|
12
|
Boreholes
|
|
5
|
30000
|
250000
|
|
13
|
Wheel
|
|
2
|
5000
|
10000
|
|
|
TFC
|
|
|
2,996100
|
|
VARIABLES COST (INPUTS)
|
S/N
|
INPUT
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Pepper
Seeds
|
2
tins
|
500
|
1000
|
|
2
|
Maize
seeds
|
5
sachet
|
450
|
2250
|
|
3
|
Okra
seeds
|
I
sahet
|
150
|
150
|
|
4
|
Cucumber
seeds
|
5
sachet
|
350
|
350
|
|
5
|
Herbicides
|
14
cartons
|
3500
|
3500
|
|
6
|
Pesticides
|
Car
tons
|
250
|
2500
|
|
7
|
Fertilizes
|
35
begs
|
3200
|
3200
|
|
8
|
Transportation
|
|
850
|
8550
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Labour
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ploughing
|
|
-
|
12500
|
|
|
Fertilizer
|
|
|
2500
|
|
|
Application
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chemical
|
|
|
1500
|
|
|
Application
|
|
|
|
|
|
Needing
|
|
|
3800
|
|
|
Harvesting
|
|
|
2000
|
FIXED COST TABLE 20
|
S/N
|
Items
|
Unit
|
Qty
|
Unit price
|
Total price
|
|
1
|
Citrus
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
105000
|
|
2
|
Palm
produce
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
3
|
Plantain
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
Maize
|
kg
|
6851
|
20
|
101000
|
|
5
|
Banana
|
kg
|
1592
|
50
|
1325000
|
|
6
|
Cucumber
|
kg
|
1821
|
100
|
137020
|
|
7
|
Coconut
|
kg
|
2912
|
50
|
79600
|
|
8
|
Guova
|
kg
|
1493
|
50
|
74650
|
|
9
|
Okro
|
kg
|
1664
|
100
|
1594000
|
|
10
|
Pepper
|
kg
|
1967
|
200
|
393400
|
|
11
|
Water
leaf
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
5500
|
|
12
|
Pawpaw
|
kg
|
2425
|
50
|
121250
|
|
13
|
pineapple
|
kg
|
950
|
70
|
66500
|
|
|
TR
|
|
|
4877620
|
|
TC = TFC + TVC
TC = 200600
+ 217300
TC = N2223400
But
Tr = N40877620
SO,
Gross
Margin (gm) = tr-tr
:.4877620
– 217300
Gross
margin (GM) = N4660320
However,
Profit
x = TR - TC
4877620
– 2223400
Profit
(x) = TR - RC
4877620 - 2223400
Profit
(x) = 2644200
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONCLUSION/SUMMARY
The SIWES scheme is aimed at exposing
students to real life working enviroment, enabling them to put into practice
what they have learnt in class, making them understand the technical
implication of their profession as well as teaching them competence, standard
and professionalism.
The practical experiences and
knowledge I gained during my industrial training programme have equipped me as
far as my course of study is concerned. It serve as eye opener to my field, new
skills and knowledge was acquired especially in farm management, record keeping,
proper financial management, accounting and transactions.
The opportunity have also exposed me
to some other field of agricultural endeavour such as real practical experience
in bee keeping techniques, such as natural money production, beeswax production,
honey wine/beer(mead) production, queen bee rearing, colony division to avoid
swarming and absconding etc. Different
crop production practices such citrus budding and a lots more. The importance
of this industrial attachment can never be overemphasized.
Finally, I wish to use this agust
privilege to express my profound gratitude to the management of Umuebe farms college
limited Izhiangbo, especially the managing director and the general manager of
the farm ,I cannot easily forget the supervisors of different units, apiary
supervisor in particular for their contributions throughout the programme which
translated to a smooth and successful programme.
REFERENCES
Lecture guide on introduction to farm management and
production economics by Okereke, C.O.
Manual of Agricultural
practical edited by Ezike K. N.N, Okpolu P.I.
Student
industrial work Experience scheme (SIWES) hand book.
Essential Agriculture science the West Africa schools
and college by Ogwechi, D.I