COMMON EYE RELATED PROBLEMS AND THEIR PREVENTIONS



INTRODUCTION:
The problems of the’ eyes develop as a result of manifesting defects in the functions of the eye. The eye is affected through the contamination of bacteria, fungi and viruses, and even physical damages. They tend to attack the cells of the eye, thereby rendering its functions minimals and initiative. The lens of the human eye is supposed to be changed by the, cilliary muscle of the eye naturally, so that, there will be a regular light to form objects, and its interpretations, but when it cannot function naturally on its own, there is always eye defect.


SYMPTOMS OF EYE DEFECT
Human eye defect are felt in the body in the following ways;
(1) ITCHING - This is the feeling of irritation on the eye, this can be caused when dust enters the eye.
(2) SWELLING - This is the sudden enlargement of the eye, because of internal pressure. It can be caused by a disease called glaucoma.
(3) PAINS- This is physical discomfort of the eye, arising from external influence or applications. It can be caused when there is a direct hit on the eye.
(4) REDNESS - This is a system where the colour of the eye changes to that of a fresh blood signifying an abnormally in the eye functions. It can be caused when there is inflammation of the eye conjunctiva.

COMMON DEFECTS/PROBLEMS OF THE EYE
(1) SHORT SIGHT- This defect occurs when, people are unable to see distant objects but rather see only close materials. This is because the images form in front of the retina.
(2) LONG SIGHT- Long sighted people are unable to see nearer object but rather see mainly distant objects. This defect arises because images are form at the back of the retina.
(3) ASTIGMATISM- This is a defect of the eye lens or cornea, which prevents the eye from focusing on horizontal lines, rather it make it to look shorter or distort
(4) COLOUR BLINDNESS- This is a defect in which the person cannot differentiate between certain colours e.g red and green. This is caused by faulty colour receptor of the eye system.

NIGHT BLINDNESS- This is where a person does not see well in the night or in darkness, it is caused by lack of vitamin A. This arises when the retina cannot work properly.

CORRECTION/TREATMENT
(1) SHORT SIGHTEDNESS - To be corrected by the use of spectacles with concave lens.
(2) LONG SIGHTEDNESS -To be corrected with •the use of spectacles with convex lens.

TREATMENT
(A) You can use an eye drop
(B) Eye cream
(C) Antibiotic /drugs
As prescribed by the physician or optician.

THE ROLE OF A TEACHER IN THE TREATMENT OF EYE
PROBLEMS
(1) The teacher is supposed to keep the pupils with shortsightedness in front of the class.
(2) The teacher is supposed to keep pupils with long sightedness at the back of the class, so that he/she can see clearly.

PREVENTION
We can prevent most of the above mentioned eye defects by our
carefulness to our eyes by:
(1) Eating of a balanced diet that is not deficiency in Vitamin A
(2) Using of a protective eye glasses in a bad weather condition
(3) By not allow chemicals to enter into our eyes.

ROLE OF TEACHERS IN PREVENTION OF EYE PROBLEMS
(a) Teachers should teach the pupils on the need of food rich in vitamin A, e.g carrot, fish, and vegetables
(b) The school/teacher should sensitse parents during PTA meetings on the need of vitamin A
(c) The school! teachers should liaise with health officers or officials in providing/supplying vitamin A supplements to their school.
In conclusion, we need regular eye hygiene as a preventive measure.
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