CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research design is simply a plan that specifies how
data should be collected and analyzed.
In this sense, data is not just mere information, it is information
gathered by investigators with the aid of their instrument, techniques and
other means… They are clearly Identifiably collected under conditions that are
precisely specific, they have meaning only in relation to the particular
problems being investigated (Cohen and Marion 1980:27). A research design is therefore very important
in the research process.
However, in other to elicit information that might not
be available on paper or textbook, in the course of this research project,
survey design is best applicable based on secondary and primary sources of data
collection.
3.2 Area
of Study
The study was carried out in Idemili North Local
Government in Anambra state of Nigeria.
Idemili North Local Government Area is made up of ten (10) communities
namely Abach, Abatete, Umuoji, Eziowelle, Uke, Obosi, Nkpor, Ideani, Oraukwu
and Ogldl
It is bounded at the North by Oyi and Dunukofia Local
Government Area, at the east by Njikoka and Anaocha Local Government Areas, at
the South by Idemili South and West by Onitsha South Local Government Area with
a population of 431,005 by 2006 National population census. It has a land area of 13a, 000 square
kilometers.
3.2 Population
of Study
For the purpose of this study, the
population consists of rural communities in Idemili North Local Government,
especially community development officers, community leaders, traditional
rulers as well as rural dwellers who directly or indirectly participate in
community development
This population gives a total
numbers of 431, 005 and is comprised of both male and female.
TABLE 3. 3.1
|
S/N
|
NAMES OF COMMUNITY
|
POPULATION
|
|
1
|
Abacha
|
34, 000
|
|
2
|
Abatete
|
53, 005
|
|
3
|
Umuoji
|
42, 100
|
|
4
|
Eziowelle
|
44, 200
|
|
5
|
Uke
|
49,017
|
|
6
|
Obosi
|
43, 000
|
|
7
|
Nkpor
|
46, 858
|
|
8
|
Ideani
|
32, 900
|
|
9
|
Oraukwu
|
40, 600
|
|
10
|
Ogidi
|
45, 325
|
|
Total
|
|
431, 005
|
3.4 Sample
Size
Using
Taro Yamanis formular,
n =
N
l+ N (e)2
Where n = the sample size
N = the
total population
E = tolerable error or error margin
I =
constant
Therefore, n = sample size
N = 431, 005
E = 5% or 0.05
Therefore, n = 431, 005
1+ 43, 005x (0.0052)
·
n = 431, 005
1+ 431, 005 x 0. 0025
·
n = 431,005
1+ 431, 005 x 0. 0025
n = 431, 005
1+ 1077. 512
n = 431, 005
1073. 5125
n =
399. 62
App=>
n = 400
Therefore,
sample size = 400
3.6 Sample
Techniques
The researcher used stratified random sampling in the
selection of the sample consequently, each of the ten (10) communities has its
own sample size using – bowelys proportional representation formular
considering their membership of either the age grade, the women organization
and the development associations as agents of community development in Idemili
North local government.
TABLE 3. 5.1
|
S/N
|
NAMES OF COMMUNITY
|
SAMPLE SIZES
|
|
1
|
Abacha
|
32
|
|
2
|
Abatete
|
49
|
|
3
|
Umuoji
|
39
|
|
4
|
Eziowelle
|
41
|
|
5
|
Uke
|
45
|
|
6
|
Obosi
|
40
|
|
7
|
Nkpor
|
43
|
|
8
|
Ideani
|
31
|
|
9
|
Oraukwu
|
38
|
|
10
|
Ogidi
|
42
|
|
Total
|
|
400
|
Solution
Using
Bowleys proportional representation formuar, nh = n x N b
Where
n h = sample size per community
n = sample size
n = total population
Nh = population per community
Therefore, n = 400
N = 431,005
Nh = ?
Abacha
= 400 x 34,000 = 32
431, 005
Abatete = 400 x 53,000 = 49
431, 005
Umoloji = 400 x 34,000 = 39
431, 005
Eziowelle
= 400 x 44,200 = 41
431, 005
Uke = 400 x 49,017 = 45
431, 005
Obosi = 400 x 43,00 = 40
431, 005
Nkpor = 400 x 46,858 = 43
431, 005
Ideani = 400 x 32,900 = 31
431, 005
Oraukwu = 400 x 46,600 = 38
431, 005
Ogidi = 400 x 45,325 = 42
431, 005
Total
sample sizes of the communities = 400
3.6 Sources
of Data
The sources of data were both from primary and
secondary sources. The primary data were collected through questionnaire administration,
the questionnaire items four hundred (400) in number were meant for all the
communities and contained eighteen (18) questions each.
While secondary data was collected through
textbooks, journals, unpublished papers and other related textbooks.
3.7 Instrument
for Data Collection
The researcher used structured questionnaires, the
questionnaire items were four hundred (400) in number meant for all the
commitment area and it contain eighteen (18) questions each
3.8 Validity
of Instrument
The instrument used in this research
project was valid, the was achieved through distribution of questionnaires to
respondents of which the elicit information was analyzed and used in assessing the
role of local government in community development.
While the final draft was submitted
to the project supervisor and other lectures for final correction and approval.
3.9 Reliability
of Data
The test re-test method was used in
testing the reliability of the instrument used in the course of the research
project, and it was also discovered that the same consistent result was
re-produced when the same respondents were made to re-fill the questionnaires
instrument. That was a solid proof that the instrument used was reliable.
3.10
Method of Data Analysis
The
response from the questionnaire where analyzed and interpreted using simple percentage
and Chi- square X2 formula.
The interpretations were used to
answer the researcher questions as the findings can be seen in the chapter
four(4) of this research work.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Data
Presentation and Interpretation
Analysis
and interpretation of data is a systematic and scientific approach to reaching
conclusions by examine a data. Data
analysis refers to those techniques where by the researcher extracts from the
data information that was not apparently there before, and which would enable a
summary description of the subject studied (whether human or material) to be
made (Nwana 1994). Analysis for this
work was carried out in two parts. The
first part was in form of percentage analysis, while the second was in form of Chi-
square x2 cal formular.
Further more, it was also presented in a tabular form.
4.2 Tabular Characteristics/ Distribution of
Respondents
Table 4.2.0
Analysis of
the Questionnaire distribution
|
Questionnaire
|
No. of respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
Number
|
400
|
100
|
|
Number not returned
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
Total
|
400
|
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
Table 2
Analysis of Questionnaire
Distribution in various Communities.
|
Communities
|
Sample size/ No. of respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
Abacha
|
32
|
8
|
|
Abatete
|
49
|
12.25
|
|
Umuoji
|
39
|
9.75
|
|
Eziowelle
|
41
|
10.25
|
|
Uke
|
45
|
11.25
|
|
Obosi
|
40
|
10
|
|
Nkpor
|
43
|
10.75
|
|
Ideani
|
31
|
7.75
|
|
Oraukwu
|
38
|
9.5
|
|
Ogidi
|
42
|
10.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
From table 1 & 2 above, four hundred
questionnaires were distributed and were also returned, thirty two (32) respondents represented by 8% were
from Abacha, forty nine (49) respondents represented by 12.25% were from Abatete,
thirty nine (39) respondents represented by 9.75% were from Umuoji, forty-one
(41) respondents represented by 10.25% were from Eziowelle, forty-five (45)
respondents represented by 11. 25% were from Uke, forty (40) respondents
represented by 10% were from Obosi, forty three (43) respondents represented by
10.75% were from Nkpor, thirty one (31) respondents represented by 7.75% were
from Ideani, thirty eight (38) respondents represented by 9.5% were from
Oraukwu and forty two (42) respondents represented by 10.5% were from Ogidi
respectively.
Table 3
Analysis of sex Respondents
|
Sex
|
No.
of respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
Male
|
250
|
62.5
|
|
Female
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, 4.22 above two hundred and fifty
respondents represented by 62.5% were males, while one hundred and fifty
respondents represented by 40% were females.
Table 4
Age Distribution of Respondents
|
Ages
|
No.
Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
Below
20 yrs
|
0
|
0
|
|
21
– 30yrs
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
31
– 40 yrs
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
41
– 50 yrs
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
Above
50 yrs
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
|
400
|
100
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
The above table illustrated that none had their age
range below 20 years. Fifty (50) respondents of about 12.5% had their age range
between 21 – 30 years, one hundred and fifty (50) respondents of 37.5% had
their age range between 31-40 years and 41-50 years respectively fifty(50)
respondents had their age range above 50 years.
Table 5
Academic Qualification of Respondents
|
Academic
|
Number
of respondent
|
Percentage
|
|
Qualification
|
|
|
|
Primary
Education
|
125
|
31.25
|
|
Secondary
Education
|
185
|
46.25
|
|
Higher
Education
|
90
|
22.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey,
2012
From the above table, one hundred and twenty five
(125) had primary Education only, one
hundred and eighty five (185) had secondary education only and ninety (90)
respondents had higher education and they are represented by 31.25% 46, 25%,
22.5% respectively.
TABLE 6
Residential Distribution of Respondent
|
Residential
|
No. of Respondent
|
Percentage
|
|
Rural
area
|
300
|
75
|
|
Urban
area
|
100
|
25
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
The above table illustrated that, these hundred (300)
respondents of about 75% resided in the rural area, while one hundred (100)
respondents of about 25% responded in urban area.
However, the relevance of the above
demographic data / Bio data to my study is to show the sex, the age variation, academic
qualification, as well as the residential areas of the respondents in relation
to the questionnaire administered.
TABLE 7: Research Question No.5
Federal Statutory Allocation to the
Local Government Is Adequate
|
Responses
|
NO. OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
200
|
50
|
|
A
|
110
|
27.5
|
|
UND
|
10
|
2.5
|
|
D
|
80
|
20
|
|
SD
|
0
|
0
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey,
2012
From the above table, two hundred (200) respondents
representing strongly agreed, one
hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% agreed, ten (10) representing 2.5% has
not decision to make, eighty (80) representing 20% disagreed and no body
strongly disagree to the above question.
TABLE 8:
Research Question No.6
Local Government Generates Adequate
Revenue.
|
Responses
|
NO. OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
A
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
UND
|
40
|
10
|
|
D
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
SD
|
10
|
2.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and fifty (150) respondents
representing 37.5% strongly agreed, also one hundred and fifty (150) representing
37.5% agreed, forty (40) representing 10% has no decision to make, fifty (50) representing
12.5% disagreed and ten (10) representing 2.5% strongly disagreed to the
question.
TABLE 9:
Research Question No. 7
Amount of Money Available Determines
Local Government’s Provision Of Social Amenities.
|
Responses
|
NO. OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
200
|
50
|
|
A
|
70
|
17.5
|
|
UND
|
20
|
5
|
|
D
|
110
|
27.5
|
|
SD
|
0
|
0
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred (200) respondents representing
50% strongly agreed to the above question, seventy (70) representing 17.5% agreed,
twenty (20) representing 5% has no decision to make, one hundred and ten (110) representing
27.5% disagreed and no body strongly disagreed to the question.
TABLE 10: Research Question No. 8
The Major Problem Facing Local
Government Administration Is Inadequate Finance.
|
Responses
|
NO. OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
A
|
200
|
50
|
|
UND
|
0
|
0
|
|
D
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
SD
|
0
|
0
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and fifty (150)
respondents representing 37.5% strongly agreed to the above question, two
hundred (200) representing 50% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% disagreed
to the above question.
TABLE 11
RESEARCH QUESTION NO.9
Local Government Has Enough Skilled
People
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
200
|
50%
|
|
A
|
90
|
22.5%
|
|
UND
|
10
|
2.5%
|
|
D
|
55
|
13.75%
|
|
SD
|
45
|
11.25
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, two hundred (200) respondents representing
50% strongly agreed to the above question, ninety (90) representing 22.5% agreed,
ten (10) representing 2.5% has no
decision to make, fifty five (55) representing 13.75% disagreed and forty five
(45) representing 11.25% strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 12: Research Question No.
Local Government Lacks Qualified Staff to
Carry out the Specific Functions Needed.
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
55
|
1375
|
|
A
|
45
|
11.25
|
|
UND
|
10
|
2.5
|
|
D
|
200
|
50
|
|
SD
|
90
|
22.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, table fifty five (55) respondents representing
13.75% strongly agreed to the above question, forty five (45) representing
11.25% agreed, ten (10) representing 2.5% has no decision to make, two hundred
(200) representing 50% disagreed and ninety (90) representing 22.5% strongly
disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 13: Research Question No. 11
Local Council Staff Need Some Form Of
Training
|
Responses
|
No.
of Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
250
|
62.5
|
|
A
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
UND
|
0
|
0
|
|
D
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
SD
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, table two hundred and fifty (250) respondents
representing 62.5% strongly agreed to the above question, fifty (50) representing
12.5% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% disagreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5%
strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 14: Research Question No. 12
If
your answer is positive, what kind of training would you suggest?
i.
Induction
training
ii.
In – service
training
iii.
On – the job
training
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
A
|
105
|
26.25
|
|
UND
|
0
|
0
|
|
D
|
35
|
8.75
|
|
SD
|
110
|
27.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, Table, one hundred and fifty (150)
respondents representing 37.5% strongly agreed to the above question, one
hundred and five (105) representing 26.25% agreed, thirty five (35) representing
80.75% disagreed and one hundred and ten
(110) representing 27.5% strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 15: Research Question No.13
Decisions are not Efficiently
Implemented on Local Government
|
Responses
|
No.
of Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
150
|
37.5
|
|
A
|
200
|
50
|
|
UND
|
0
|
0
|
|
D
|
30
|
7.5
|
|
SD
|
20
|
5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, table, one hundred and fifty (150) representing
37.5% strongly agreed to the above question two
hundred (200) representing 50% agreed, thirty (30) representing 7.5% disagreed
and twenty (20) representing 5% strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 16: Research Question No. 14
Local Government Staff Are Not Well
Co-Ordinated
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
210
|
52.5
|
|
A
|
40
|
10
|
|
UND
|
0
|
0
|
|
D
|
40
|
10
|
|
SD
|
110
|
27.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred and ten (210)
respondents representing 52.5% strongly agreed to the above question, forty
(40) representing 10% agreed, forty (40) representing 10% disagreed and one
hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% strongly disagreed to the above
question.
TABLE 17: Research Question No. 15
Emphasis on Meritocracy Affects
Performance of Local Government to Community Development.
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
60
|
15
|
|
A
|
90
|
22.5
|
|
UND
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
D
|
70
|
17.5
|
|
SD
|
130
|
32.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, sixty (60) respondents representing 15% strongly agreed
to the above question, ninety (90) representing
22.5% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% has no decision to make, seventy
(70) representing 17.5% disagreed and one hundred and thirty (130) representing
32.5% strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 18: Research Question No. 16
The Level of Autonomy Given to Local
Government Determines its Performances.
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
230
|
57.5
|
|
A
|
70
|
17.5
|
|
UND
|
0
|
0
|
|
D
|
40
|
10
|
|
SD
|
60
|
15
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred and thirty (230)
respondents representing 57.5% strongly agreed to the above question, seventy
(70) representing 17.5% agreed, forty (40) representing 10% disagreed and sixty
(60) representing 15% disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 19: Research Question No. 17
Local Government Is Given Adequate
Financial Autonomy
|
Responses
|
NO.
OF Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
110
|
27.5
|
|
A
|
40
|
10
|
|
UND
|
50
|
12.5
|
|
D
|
80
|
20
|
|
SD
|
20
|
5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and ten (110)
respondents representing 27.5% strongly agreed to the above question, forty
(40) representing 10% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% has decision to
make, eighty (80) representing 20% disagreed and twenty (20) representing 5% strongly
disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 20: Research Question No. 18
Local Government is given Administrative
and Political Autonomy.
|
Responses
|
No.
of Respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
SA
|
120
|
30
|
|
A
|
120
|
30
|
|
UND
|
30
|
7.5
|
|
D
|
110
|
27.5
|
|
SD
|
40
|
27.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
100
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and twenty (120)
respondents representing 30% strongly agreed to the above question, one hundred
and twenty (120) representing 30% agreed, thirty (30) representing 7.5% has no
decision to make, one hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% disagreed and
forty (40) representing 10% strongly disagreed to the above question.
4.3 TESTING
OF HYPOTHESIS :
Statement of
Hypothesis
Testing of
Hypothesis one
Ho1: The
availability of finance to local government does not determine. The extent to
which local government staff would perform their roles.
HA1: The
availability of finance to local government determines the extent to which
local government staff would perform their roles.
Testing Technique - Chi- Square Decision rule: Reject
Null Hypothesis (HO) If the calculated Value (X2 Cal) Is higher than
the table Value or Critical Value (X2 tab) at its degree of freedom and level of significance, otherwise
do not reject Nall hypothesis (HO) If the calculated value. (X2 Cal)
Is lower than the table or critical value: otherwise accept the alternative
hypothesis (HA) (HI- Square formular (X2 (at) X2 = (O.E)2
E
Where
x2 = Chi – square
O = Observed frequency
E = Expected frequency
Level
of significance = 5% or 0.05
Table 21: Responses From Questionnaire
Distribution
|
Responses
|
SA
|
A
|
UND
|
D
|
SD
|
Total
|
|
No.
5
|
200
|
110
|
.10
|
80
|
0
|
400
|
|
No.
6
|
150
|
150
|
40
|
50
|
10
|
400
|
|
No.
7
|
200
|
70
|
20
|
110
|
0
|
400
|
|
No.
8
|
150
|
200
|
0
|
50
|
0
|
400
|
|
Total
|
700
|
530
|
70
|
290
|
10
|
1600
|
|
Average
|
175
|
132.5
|
17.5
|
72.5
|
2.5
|
400
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
Average
= 700 = 175 530 = 132.5
4 4
70 = 17.5 290 = 172.5
4 4
10 = 2.5 1600 = 400
4 4
Table 22: Calculated Value of Respondents
|
Responses
|
O
|
E
|
O. E
|
(O-E)2
|
(O-E)2/E
|
|
SA
|
175
|
200
|
- 25
|
625
|
3.125
|
|
A
|
132.5
|
200
|
- 67.5
|
4556.25
|
22.78/25
|
|
UND
|
17.5
|
200
|
- 182.5
|
33306.25
|
116.53125
|
|
D
|
72.5
|
200
|
- 127. 5
|
16129
|
80.645
|
|
SD
|
2.5
|
200
|
197.5
|
38809
|
194.045
|
|
Total
|
400
|
|
|
|
467.1275
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
Using
Chi – square formular
X2 = (O.
E)2
E
E = 400 = 200
2
X2 = (175 –
200) + (132.5 – 200)2 + (2.5 – 200)2
200 200 200
X2 = (25)
+ (-67.5)2 + (–182.5)2
200
200 200
(127 .5) + (– 197.5)2
200 200
X2 = 625
+ 4556.25 + 33306.25
200 200 200
16129
+
38809
200 200
X2 = 3.125 + 22. 78125 +166.53125 + 80 .
645 + 194 . 045
X2 = 467 . 1275
X2 = Cal = 467.13
Degree
of freedom = (R – 1) (C – 1)
R = Rows = 4
C = Columns = 5
= (4 – 1)
(5 – 1)
= 3 x 4 = 12
Level
of significance 0.05 or 5%
X2 tab at 0.05 = 21.026
DECISION:
Since x2 Cal (467) x2 tab
(21.026)
We
reject the Ho; that the availability of finance to local government does not
determine the extent to which local government staff extends their roles, it
therefore means that the local government staff should put in more effort in
performing their roles.
Testing of Hypothesis Two
Ho2: The dearth
of managerial know – how does not affects the performances of local government in
community development programmes.
HA 2: The
dearth of managerial know-how affects the performances of local government in
community development programmes.
Table 23: Responses from Questionnaire distribution
|
Responses
|
SA
|
A
|
UND
|
D
|
SD
|
Total
|
|
No.
9
|
200
|
90
|
10
|
55
|
45
|
400
|
|
No.
10
|
55
|
45
|
10
|
200
|
90
|
400
|
|
No.
11
|
250
|
50
|
0
|
50
|
50
|
400
|
|
No.
12
|
150
|
105
|
0
|
35
|
110
|
400
|
|
Total
|
655
|
290
|
20
|
340
|
295
|
1600
|
|
Average
|
163.75
|
72.5
|
5
|
85
|
73.75
|
400
|
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
655 = 163.75 295
= 73.75
4 4
290 = 72.5 340
= 85
4
4
20 = 5 1600 = 400
4
4
TABLE 4.3.2.2
Calculate Value of Response
|
Response
|
0
|
0-E
|
(O-E)2
|
(0-E)2
|
E
|
|
SD
|
163.75
|
200
|
-3625
|
1314.6625
|
6.57
|
|
A
|
72.5
|
200
|
-1275
|
16256.25
|
81.28
|
|
UND
|
5
|
200
|
-195
|
38025
|
190.125
|
|
D
|
85
|
200
|
-115
|
13225
|
66.125
|
|
SD
|
73.75
|
200
|
-126.25
|
15939.0625
|
79.69
|
|
TOTAL
|
400
|
|
|
|
423.79
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
E
= 400 = 200
2
X2
= (O-E)2
E
X2
= 163.75- 200)2 + (72.5- 200)2 + (5-200)2
+ (85-200)2 +
200 200 200 200
(75.75-20)2
200
X2
= (-36.25)2 + (-127.5)2 + (-195)2 + (-155)2
+ (-126.25)2 200 200 200 200 200
X2
= 1314.66.25 + 16256.6.25 + 38025 + 3225 + 15939.0625
200 200 200 200 200
X2
= 6.57 + 81.28 + 190.125 + 66.125 + 79.69
X2 = 423.79
X2 = Cal = 423.8
Degree of freedom =(R-I) (C-I)
(4-1) (5-1)
=3x4=12
Level
of Significance 0.05 or 5%
X2 tab
at 0.05=21.026
Decision:
Since
X2cal (423) > X2 tab (21.026)
We reject
the HO: that the dearth of the management know how does not affect the
performances of local government in the community development programme. It is
hoped that management performance could be improve upon by both the staff, the
council and the chairman.
Testing of
Hypothesis Three
HO3: The system of coordination of local government staff
affects the performance of local government in community development programmes.
Table
4.3.3.1
Responses from Questionnaire
|
Responses
|
SA
|
A
|
UND
|
D
|
SD
|
Total
|
|
NO.
|
150
|
200
|
0
|
30
|
20
|
400
|
|
NO.
|
210
|
40
|
0
|
40
|
110
|
400
|
|
NO.
|
60
|
90
|
50
|
70
|
130
|
400
|
|
Total
|
400
|
350
|
50
|
130
|
270
|
1200
|
|
Average
|
133.3
|
116.6
|
16.6
|
43.3
|
90
|
400
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
The average is
3
400 = 133.3, 350 = 116.6
3 3
50 =
16.6, 130 = 43.3
3 3
270 =
90, 1200 = 400
3 3
Table
4.3.3.2
Calculate
Value of Response
|
Responses
|
O
|
O.E
|
(O.E)2
|
(O.E)
|
E
|
|
SA
|
133.3
|
200
|
-66.8
|
44624
|
22.3112
|
|
A
|
116.6
|
200
|
-834
|
6955.56
|
34.7778
|
|
UND
|
16.6
|
200
|
-183.4
|
33635.56
|
168.1778
|
|
D
|
43.3
|
200
|
-156.7
|
24554.89
|
122.77445
|
|
SD
|
90
|
200
|
-110
|
12100
|
60.5
|
|
Total
|
400
|
|
|
|
408.54125
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
E = 400 = 200
2
X2 = (O. E)2
E
X2 = (133.3-200)2 + (116.6-200)2
+ (116.6.200)2 + (43.3-200)2+(90-200)2
200 200 200 200 200
X2 = (-66-8)2 + (-83.4)2
+ (183.4)2 + (-156.7)2 + (-110)2
200 200 200 200 200
X2 = 4462. 24 + 6955.56 + 33635.56
+ 24554.89 + 12100
200 200 200 200 200
X2 = 22.3112 +
34.7778+168.1778+122.77445+60.5
X2 = 408.84125
X2 Cal = 408.54
Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1) (3-1) (5-1)
= 1x4 = 8.
Level of significance 0.05 or 5%
X2 tab at 0.05 = 15.507
Decision :
Since
X2 cal (408)> X2tab
(15.507) we reject the HO: that the system of coordination of local
government staff does not affects the performances of local government in community
development staff should work together to achieve an effective result in
community development.
Testing
hypothesis four
HO4”: Political and religious involvement
does not affect the
development
programmes and project in community development.
HA4: Political
and religious involvement affects the development
programmes
and projects in community development.
Table
4.3.4.1
Responses from Questionnaire Distribution
|
Responses
|
SA
|
A
|
UND
|
D
|
SD
|
Total
|
|
NO. 16
|
230
|
70
|
0
|
40
|
60
|
400
|
|
NO. 17
|
110
|
40
|
50
|
80
|
20
|
400
|
|
NO. 18
|
120
|
120
|
30
|
110
|
40
|
400
|
|
Total
|
160
|
210
|
80
|
230
|
220
|
1200
|
|
Average
|
153.3
|
70
|
26.7
|
76.7
|
73.3
|
400
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
The average is
3
400 = 153.3,
230 = 76.7
3 3
210 = 70,
220 = 73.7
3 3
80 = 26.7, 1200 = 400
3 3
Table 4.3.4.2
Calculated value of Responses
|
Responses
|
O
|
O.E
|
(O.E)2
|
(O.E)2/E
|
E
|
|
SA
|
153.3
|
200
|
- 46.7
|
2180.89
|
10.90445
|
|
A
|
70
|
200
|
-130
|
16900
|
84.5
|
|
UND
|
26.7
|
200
|
- 173.3
|
30032.89
|
150.16445
|
|
D+
|
76.7
|
200
|
- 123.3
|
15202.89
|
76.01445
|
|
SD
|
73.3
|
200
|
- 126.7
|
16652.89
|
80.26445
|
|
Total
|
400
|
|
|
|
401.8478
|
Source:
Egbusim field survey, 2012
E = 400 = 200
2
X2 = (O. E)2
E
X2 = (153.3 - 200)2 + (70-200)2
+ (26.7 - 200)2 + (76.7 - 200)2+
200 200 200 200
(73.3200)2
200
X2 = (-46-7)2 + (-130)2
+ (173.3)2 + (123.3)2 + (126.7)2
200 200 200
200 200
X2 = 2180. 89 + 16900 + 30032.89 + 15202.89
+ 1605.89
200 200 200 200 200
X2 = 1090445 + 84.5+150.16445+76.011445+80.26445
X2 = 401.8478
X2 Cal = 401.9
Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1) (3-1) (5-1)
= 2x4 = 8.
Level of significance 0.05 or 5%
X2 tab at 0.05 = 15.507
Decision:
Since
X2cal (401.9) >X2tab (15.507), we reject the Ho: that political
and religious involvement does not affect the development programmes and
projects in community development. It therefore means that local government
should be given administrative and political autonym.
4.4 Summary of Major Findings
The
following are the major findings from the data analysis:
1. It was
discovered that the availability of finance to local Government is what
determines the extent to which local Government staff extends their roles in
community development.
2. That
the dearth of managerial know-how is a factor affecting the performance of
local government in the management of community development.
3. That
the system of co-ordination of Local government staff is low and it affects the
performance of local Government in community development programmes.
4. That
the political and religious involvement also affects the development programmes
and project in community development.