CHAPTER 3 AND 4: ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT



CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
            Research Design
Research design is simply a plan that specifies how data should be collected and analyzed.  In this sense, data is not just mere information, it is information gathered by investigators with the aid of their instrument, techniques and other means… They are clearly Identifiably collected under conditions that are precisely specific, they have meaning only in relation to the particular problems being investigated (Cohen and Marion 1980:27).  A research design is therefore very important in the research process.

However, in other to elicit information that might not be available on paper or textbook, in the course of this research project, survey design is best applicable based on secondary and primary sources of data collection.
3.2       Area of Study
The study was carried out in Idemili North Local Government in Anambra state of Nigeria.  Idemili North Local Government Area is made up of ten (10) communities namely Abach, Abatete, Umuoji, Eziowelle, Uke, Obosi, Nkpor, Ideani, Oraukwu and Ogldl
It is bounded at the North by Oyi and Dunukofia Local Government Area, at the east by Njikoka and Anaocha Local Government Areas, at the South by Idemili South and West by Onitsha South Local Government Area with a population of 431,005 by 2006 National population census.  It has a land area of 13a, 000 square kilometers.
3.2       Population of Study
         For the purpose of this study, the population consists of rural communities in Idemili North Local Government, especially community development officers, community leaders, traditional rulers as well as rural dwellers who directly or indirectly participate in community development
            This population gives a total numbers of 431, 005 and is comprised of both male and female.

TABLE 3. 3.1
S/N
NAMES OF COMMUNITY
POPULATION
1
Abacha
34, 000
2
Abatete
53, 005
3
Umuoji
42, 100
4
Eziowelle
44, 200
5
Uke
49,017
6
Obosi
43, 000
7
Nkpor
46, 858
8
Ideani
32, 900
9
Oraukwu
40, 600
10
Ogidi
45, 325
Total

431, 005

3.4       Sample Size
 Using Taro Yamanis formular,
n                =                N              
                               l+ N (e)2

Where n = the sample size
N               =         the total population
E                =          tolerable error or error margin
I                 =          constant
Therefore, n = sample size
                  N         =         431, 005
                  E          =          5% or 0.05
Therefore, n = 431, 005
                             1+ 43, 005x (0.0052)
·        n                         =                   431, 005                                   
                                  1+ 431, 005 x 0. 0025

·        n                         =                431,005               
                                 1+ 431, 005 x 0. 0025

               n                   =            431, 005                  
                                                1+ 1077. 512
        
 n                     =          431, 005        
                                                1073. 5125

         n                         =          399. 62
App=> n = 400
Therefore, sample size = 400

3.6       Sample Techniques
            The researcher used stratified random sampling in the selection of the sample consequently, each of the ten (10) communities has its own sample size using – bowelys proportional representation formular considering their membership of either the age grade, the women organization and the development associations as agents of community development in Idemili North local government.


TABLE 3. 5.1
S/N
NAMES OF COMMUNITY
SAMPLE SIZES
1
Abacha
32
2
Abatete
49
3
Umuoji
39
4
Eziowelle
41
5
Uke
45
6
Obosi
40
7
Nkpor
43
8
Ideani
31
9
Oraukwu
38
10
Ogidi
42
Total

400

Solution
Using Bowleys proportional representation formuar,  nh = n x N b
Where n h = sample size per community
n          =          sample size
n          =          total population
Nh       =          population per community
Therefore,                  n          =          400
                                    N         =          431,005
                                    Nh       =          ?
Abacha                                   =          400 x 34,000            =          32
                                                                 431, 005   

Abatete                                  =          400 x 53,000 =          49
                                                                 431, 005
Umoloji                                  =          400 x 34,000 =          39
                                                                 431, 005
Eziowelle                   =          400 x 44,200 =          41
                                                                 431, 005
Uke                             =          400 x 49,017 =          45
                                                                 431, 005
Obosi                          =          400 x 43,00   =          40
                                                                 431, 005
Nkpor                         =          400 x 46,858 =          43       
                                                                 431, 005
Ideani                         =          400 x 32,900 =          31
                                                                 431, 005
Oraukwu                    =          400 x 46,600 =          38
                                                                 431, 005   
Ogidi                          =          400 x 45,325 =          42
                                                                 431, 005
Total sample sizes of the communities     =          400

3.6       Sources of Data
            The sources of data were both from primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected through questionnaire administration, the questionnaire items four hundred (400) in number were meant for all the communities and contained eighteen (18) questions each.
            While secondary data was collected through textbooks, journals, unpublished papers and other related textbooks.

3.7       Instrument for Data Collection
            The researcher used structured questionnaires, the questionnaire items were four hundred (400) in number meant for all the commitment area and it contain eighteen (18) questions each

3.8       Validity of Instrument
            The instrument used in this research project was valid, the was achieved through distribution of questionnaires to respondents of which the elicit information was analyzed and used in assessing the role of local government in community development.
            While the final draft was submitted to the project supervisor and other lectures for final correction and approval.

3.9       Reliability of Data
            The test re-test method was used in testing the reliability of the instrument used in the course of the research project, and it was also discovered that the same consistent result was re-produced when the same respondents were made to re-fill the questionnaires instrument. That was a solid proof that the instrument used was reliable.
3.10    Method of Data Analysis
The response from the questionnaire where analyzed and interpreted using simple percentage and Chi- square X2 formula.
            The interpretations were used to answer the researcher questions as the findings can be seen in the chapter four(4) of this research work.

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1       Data Presentation and Interpretation
            Analysis and interpretation of data is a systematic and scientific approach to reaching conclusions by examine a data.  Data analysis refers to those techniques where by the researcher extracts from the data information that was not apparently there before, and which would enable a summary description of the subject studied (whether human or material) to be made (Nwana 1994).  Analysis for this work was carried out in two parts.  The first part was in form of percentage analysis, while the second was in form of Chi- square x2 cal formular.
Further more, it was also presented in a tabular form.
4.2    Tabular Characteristics/ Distribution of Respondents
Table 4.2.0
Analysis of the Questionnaire distribution
Questionnaire
No. of respondents
Percentage
Number
400
100
Number not returned
0
0


100
Total
400

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
Table 2
Analysis of Questionnaire Distribution in various Communities.   
Communities
Sample size/ No. of respondents
Percentage
Abacha
32
8
Abatete
49
12.25
Umuoji
39
9.75
Eziowelle
41
10.25
Uke
45
11.25
Obosi
40
10
Nkpor
43
10.75
Ideani
31
7.75
Oraukwu
38
9.5
Ogidi
42
10.5
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From table 1 & 2 above, four hundred questionnaires were distributed and were also returned, thirty  two (32) respondents represented by 8% were from Abacha, forty nine (49) respondents represented by 12.25% were from Abatete, thirty nine (39) respondents represented by 9.75% were from Umuoji, forty-one (41) respondents represented by 10.25% were from Eziowelle, forty-five (45) respondents represented by 11. 25% were from Uke, forty (40) respondents represented by 10% were from Obosi, forty three (43) respondents represented by 10.75% were from Nkpor, thirty one (31) respondents represented by 7.75% were from Ideani, thirty eight (38) respondents represented by 9.5% were from Oraukwu and forty two (42) respondents represented by 10.5% were from Ogidi respectively.

Table 3
Analysis of sex Respondents
Sex
No. of respondents
Percentage
Male
250
62.5
Female
150
37.5
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, 4.22 above two hundred and fifty respondents represented by 62.5% were males, while one hundred and fifty respondents represented by 40% were females.
Table 4
Age Distribution of Respondents
Ages
No. Respondents
Percentage
Below 20 yrs
0
0
21 – 30yrs
50
12.5
31 – 40 yrs
150
37.5
41 – 50 yrs
150
37.5
Above 50 yrs
50
12.5

400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
The above table illustrated that none had their age range below 20 years. Fifty (50) respondents of about 12.5% had their age range between 21 – 30 years, one hundred and fifty (50) respondents of 37.5% had their age range between 31-40 years and 41-50 years respectively fifty(50) respondents had their age range above 50 years.

Table 5
Academic Qualification of Respondents
Academic
Number of respondent
Percentage
Qualification


Primary Education
125
31.25
Secondary Education
185
46.25
Higher Education
90
22.5
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and twenty five (125)  had primary Education only, one hundred and eighty five (185) had secondary education only and ninety (90) respondents had higher education and they are represented by 31.25% 46, 25%, 22.5% respectively.

TABLE 6
Residential Distribution of Respondent
Residential
No. of Respondent
Percentage
Rural area
300
75
Urban area
100
25
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
The above table illustrated that, these hundred (300) respondents of about 75% resided in the rural area, while one hundred (100) respondents of about 25% responded in urban area.
            However, the relevance of the above demographic data / Bio data to my study is to show the sex, the age variation, academic qualification, as well as the residential areas of the respondents in relation to the questionnaire administered.
TABLE 7: Research Question No.5

Federal Statutory Allocation to the Local Government Is Adequate
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
200
50
A
110
27.5
UND
10
2.5
D
80
20
SD
0
0
Total
400
100
Source:          Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred (200) respondents representing  strongly agreed, one hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% agreed, ten (10) representing 2.5% has not decision to make, eighty (80) representing 20% disagreed and no body strongly disagree to the above question.
TABLE 8:  Research Question No.6
Local Government Generates Adequate Revenue.    
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
150
37.5
A
150
37.5
UND
40
10
D
50
12.5
SD
10
2.5
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012 
From the above table, one hundred and fifty (150) respondents representing 37.5% strongly agreed, also one hundred and fifty (150) representing 37.5% agreed, forty (40) representing 10% has no decision to make, fifty (50) representing 12.5% disagreed and ten (10) representing 2.5% strongly disagreed to the question.


TABLE 9:  Research Question No. 7
Amount of Money Available Determines Local Government’s Provision Of Social Amenities.
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
200
50
A
70
17.5
UND
20
5
D
110
27.5
SD
0
0
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred (200) respondents representing 50% strongly agreed to the above question, seventy (70) representing 17.5% agreed, twenty (20) representing 5% has no decision to make, one hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% disagreed and no body strongly disagreed to the question.
TABLE 10:  Research Question No. 8
The Major Problem Facing Local Government Administration Is Inadequate Finance.
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
150
37.5
A
200
50
UND
0
0
D
50
12.5
SD
0
0
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and fifty (150) respondents representing 37.5% strongly agreed to the above question, two hundred (200) representing 50% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% disagreed to the above question.


TABLE 11
RESEARCH QUESTION NO.9
Local Government Has Enough Skilled People
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
200
50%
A
90
22.5%
UND
10
2.5%
D
55
13.75%
SD
45
11.25
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, two hundred (200) respondents representing 50% strongly agreed to the above question, ninety (90) representing 22.5% agreed, ten (10) representing  2.5% has no decision to make, fifty five (55) representing 13.75% disagreed and forty five (45) representing 11.25% strongly disagreed to the above question.

TABLE 12:  Research Question No.
Local Government Lacks Qualified Staff to Carry out the Specific Functions Needed.
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
55
1375
A
45
11.25
UND
10
2.5
D
200
50
SD
90
22.5
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, table fifty five (55) respondents representing 13.75% strongly agreed to the above question, forty five (45) representing 11.25% agreed, ten (10) representing 2.5% has no decision to make, two hundred (200) representing 50% disagreed and ninety (90) representing 22.5% strongly disagreed to the above question.

TABLE 13:  Research Question No. 11
Local Council Staff Need Some Form Of Training
Responses
No. of Respondents
Percentage
SA
250
62.5
A
50
12.5
UND
0
0
D
50
12.5
SD
50
12.5
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, table two hundred and fifty (250) respondents representing 62.5% strongly agreed to the above question, fifty (50) representing 12.5% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% disagreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 14:  Research Question No. 12
If your answer is positive, what kind of training would you suggest?
i.                    Induction training
ii.                 In – service training
iii.               On – the job training
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
150
37.5
A
105
26.25
UND
0
0
D
35
8.75
SD
110
27.5
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, Table, one hundred and fifty (150) respondents representing 37.5% strongly agreed to the above question, one hundred and five (105) representing 26.25% agreed, thirty five (35) representing 80.75% disagreed  and one hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% strongly disagreed to the above question.
TABLE 15: Research Question No.13
Decisions are not Efficiently Implemented on Local Government
Responses
No. of Respondents
Percentage
SA
150
37.5
A
200
50
UND
0
0
D
30
7.5
SD
20
5
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above, table, one hundred and fifty (150) representing 37.5% strongly agreed to the above question two  hundred (200) representing 50% agreed, thirty (30) representing 7.5% disagreed and twenty (20) representing 5% strongly disagreed to the above question.

TABLE 16: Research Question No. 14
Local Government Staff Are Not Well Co-Ordinated
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
210
52.5
A
40
10
UND
0
0
D
40
10
SD
110
27.5
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred and ten (210) respondents representing 52.5% strongly agreed to the above question, forty (40) representing 10% agreed, forty (40) representing 10% disagreed and one hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% strongly disagreed to the above question.

TABLE 17: Research Question No. 15
Emphasis on Meritocracy Affects Performance of Local Government to Community Development.
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
60
15
A
90
22.5
UND
50
12.5
D
70
17.5
SD
130
32.5
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, sixty (60)  respondents representing 15% strongly agreed to the above question, ninety (90)  representing 22.5% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% has no decision to make, seventy (70) representing 17.5% disagreed and one hundred and thirty (130) representing 32.5% strongly disagreed to the above question. 
TABLE 18: Research Question No. 16
The Level of Autonomy Given to Local Government Determines its Performances.
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
230
57.5
A
70
17.5
UND
0
0
D
40
10
SD
60
15
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, two hundred and thirty (230) respondents representing 57.5% strongly agreed to the above question, seventy (70) representing 17.5% agreed, forty (40) representing 10% disagreed and sixty (60) representing 15% disagreed to the above question. 
TABLE 19: Research Question No. 17
Local Government Is Given Adequate Financial Autonomy
Responses
NO. OF Respondents
Percentage
SA
110
27.5
A
40
10
UND
50
12.5
D
80
20
SD
20
5
Total
400
100
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and ten (110) respondents representing 27.5% strongly agreed to the above question, forty (40) representing 10% agreed, fifty (50) representing 12.5% has decision to make, eighty (80) representing 20% disagreed and twenty (20) representing 5% strongly disagreed to the above question. 

TABLE 20:  Research Question No. 18
Local Government is given Administrative and Political Autonomy.
Responses
No. of Respondents
Percentage
SA
120
30
A
120
30
UND
30
7.5
D
110
27.5
SD
40
27.5
Total
400
100

Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
From the above table, one hundred and twenty (120) respondents representing 30% strongly agreed to the above question, one hundred and twenty (120) representing 30% agreed, thirty (30) representing 7.5% has no decision to make, one hundred and ten (110) representing 27.5% disagreed and forty (40) representing 10% strongly disagreed to the above question. 



4.3       TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS :
Statement of Hypothesis
Testing of Hypothesis one
Ho1:   The availability of finance to local government does not determine. The extent to which local government staff would perform their roles.
HA1:    The availability of finance to local government determines the extent to which local government staff would perform their roles.
Testing Technique - Chi- Square Decision rule: Reject Null Hypothesis (HO) If the calculated Value (X2 Cal) Is higher than the table Value or Critical Value (X2 tab) at its degree of freedom and level of significance, otherwise do not reject Nall hypothesis (HO) If the calculated value. (X2 Cal) Is lower than the table or critical value: otherwise accept the alternative hypothesis (HA) (HI- Square formular (X2 (at) X2 = (O.E)2
                       E
Where x2 = Chi – square
            O         =          Observed frequency
            E          =          Expected frequency
Level of significance           =          5% or 0.05

Table 21: Responses From Questionnaire Distribution
Responses
SA
A
UND
D
SD
Total
No. 5
200
110
.10
80
0
400
No. 6
150
150
40
50
10
400
No. 7
200
70
20
110
0
400
No. 8
150
200
0
50
0
400
Total
700
530
70
290
10
1600
Average
175
132.5
17.5
72.5
2.5
400
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
Average         =          700                 =          175                 530                 =          132.5 
  4                                                          4       
70                    =          17.5                290                 =          172.5             
4                                                            4
10                    =          2.5                   1600               =          400                
  4                                                           4
Table 22:  Calculated Value of Respondents
Responses
O
E
O. E
(O-E)2
(O-E)2/E
SA
175
200
- 25
625
3.125
A
132.5
200
- 67.5
4556.25
22.78/25
UND
17.5
200
- 182.5
33306.25
116.53125
D
72.5
200
- 127. 5
16129
80.645
SD
2.5
200
197.5
38809
194.045
Total
400



467.1275
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
Using Chi – square formular
            X2                    =          (O. E)2
                                                   E
            E                      =          400                 =          200
                                                  2
            X2        =          (175 – 200) + (132.5 – 200)2 + (2.5 – 200)2
                                         200                     200                  200
            X2        =          (25) + (-67.5)2 +  (–182.5)2               
                                     200      200             200
                                    (127 .5)          +  (– 197.5)2
                                      200                 200 
            X2        =          625  +    4556.25   +   33306.25
                                    200         200                  200
                        16129   +   38809                                 
                    200            200
X2        =          3.125 + 22. 78125 +166.53125 + 80 . 645 + 194 . 045
X2        =          467 . 1275
X2          =          Cal      =          467.13
Degree of freedom = (R – 1) (C – 1)
                                                R         =          Rows  =          4
                                                C         =          Columns        =          5
                        =                      (4 – 1)  (5 – 1)
                                                =          3 x 4 = 12
Level of significance 0.05 or 5%
                        X2 tab at         0.05                =          21.026

DECISION:
            Since x2 Cal (467) x2 tab (21.026)
We reject the Ho; that the availability of finance to local government does not determine the extent to which local government staff extends their roles, it therefore means that the local government staff should put in more effort in performing their roles.
Testing of Hypothesis Two
Ho2:   The dearth of managerial know – how does not affects the performances of local government in community development programmes.
HA 2:  The dearth of managerial know-how affects the performances of local government in community development programmes.




Table 23:  Responses from Questionnaire distribution
Responses
SA
A
UND
D
SD
Total
No. 9
200

90
10
55
45
400
No. 10
55

45

10
200
90
400
No. 11
250

50

0
50
50
400
No. 12
150

105
0
35
110
400
Total
655

290
20
340
295
1600
Average
163.75

72.5
5
85
73.75
400
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012

655     =          163.75            295     =          73.75
 4                                               4

290     =          72.5                340     =          85
  4                                                         4       
                                                                       
20        =          5                      1600   =          400
 4                                                            4       


TABLE 4.3.2.2
Calculate Value of Response
Response
0
0-E
(O-E)2
(0-E)2
E
SD
163.75
200
-3625
1314.6625
6.57
A
72.5
200
-1275
16256.25
81.28
UND
5
200
-195
38025
190.125
D
85
200
-115
13225
66.125
SD
73.75
200
-126.25
15939.0625
79.69
TOTAL
400



423.79
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
E = 400 = 200                                              
              2       
X2 = (O-E)2                                                   
                E     
X2 = 163.75- 200)2 + (72.5- 200)2 + (5-200)2 + (85-200)2 +
              200                   200                 200            200

(75.75-20)2
          200
X2 = (-36.25)2 + (-127.5)2   + (-195)2 + (-155)2 + (-126.25)2                                  200             200            200        200            200
                          
X2 = 1314.66.25 + 16256.6.25 + 38025 + 3225 + 15939.0625                                    200                 200               200         200            200
               
X2 = 6.57 + 81.28 + 190.125 + 66.125 + 79.69                                                  
                X2 = 423.79
            X2 = Cal = 423.8                                                      
                                               
           Degree of freedom =(R-I) (C-I)
                               (4-1) (5-1)
                               =3x4=12
Level of Significance 0.05 or 5%
                            X2 tab at 0.05=21.026
Decision:
            Since X2cal (423) > X2 tab (21.026)
      We reject the HO: that the dearth of the management know how does not affect the performances of local government in the community development programme. It is hoped that management performance could be improve upon by both the staff, the council and the chairman.
Testing of Hypothesis Three
HO3: The system of coordination of local government staff affects the performance of local government in community development programmes.





Table 4.3.3.1
 Responses from Questionnaire
Responses
SA
A
UND
D
SD
Total
NO.
150
200
0
30
20
400
NO.
210
40
0
40
110
400
NO.
60
90
50
70
130
400
Total
400
350
50
130
270
1200
Average
133.3
116.6
16.6
43.3
90
400
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
The  average is 3
400 = 133.3,      350 = 116.6
   3                       3
50 = 16.6,         130 = 43.3
 3                       3
270 = 90,          1200 = 400
  3                       3  
Table 4.3.3.2
Calculate Value of Response
Responses
O
O.E
(O.E)2
(O.E)
E
SA
133.3
200
-66.8
44624
22.3112
A
116.6
200
-834
6955.56
34.7778
UND
16.6
200
-183.4
33635.56
168.1778
D
43.3
200
-156.7
24554.89
122.77445
SD
90
200
-110
12100
60.5
Total
400



408.54125
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
E = 400 = 200
         2
X2 = (O. E)2
         E
X2 = (133.3-200)2 + (116.6-200)2 + (116.6.200)2 + (43.3-200)2+(90-200)2  
            200                 200                      200              200             200

X2 = (-66-8)2 + (-83.4)2 + (183.4)2­ + (-156.7)2 + (-110)2  
          200          200          200            200            200
X2 = 4462. 24 + 6955.56 + 33635.56 + 24554.89 + 12100
         200              200          200               200           200
X2 = 22.3112 + 34.7778+168.1778+122.77445+60.5
X2 = 408.84125
X2 Cal = 408.54
Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)     (3-1) (5-1)
= 1x4 = 8.
Level of significance 0.05 or 5%
X2 tab at 0.05 = 15.507

Decision :
            Since X2  cal (408)> X2tab (15.507) we reject the HO: that the system of coordination of local government staff does not affects the performances of local government in community development staff should work together to achieve an effective result in community development.

Testing hypothesis four
HO4”: Political and religious involvement does not affect the   
development programmes and project in community development.
HA4:    Political and religious involvement affects the development
            programmes and projects in community development.
Table 4.3.4.1
 Responses from Questionnaire Distribution
Responses
SA
A
UND
D
SD
Total
NO. 16
230
70
0
40
60
400
NO. 17
110
40
50
80
20
400
NO. 18
120
120
30
110
40
400
Total
160
210
80
230
220
1200
Average
153.3
70
26.7
76.7
73.3
400
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012
The  average is 3
400     = 153.3,      230         = 76.7
   3                         3
210     = 70,         220           = 73.7
 3                                    3
80        = 26.7,          1200     = 400
  3                                  3  

    
Table 4.3.4.2
 Calculated value of Responses
Responses
O
O.E
(O.E)2
(O.E)2/E
E
SA
153.3
200
- 46.7
2180.89
10.90445
A
70
200
-130
16900
84.5
UND
26.7
200
- 173.3
30032.89
150.16445
D+
76.7
200
- 123.3
15202.89
76.01445
SD
73.3
200
- 126.7
16652.89
80.26445
Total
400



401.8478
Source: Egbusim field survey, 2012

E = 400 = 200
         2

X2 = (O. E)2
         E
X2 = (153.3 - 200)2 + (70-200)2 + (26.7 - 200)2 + (76.7 - 200)2+  
            200                 200                      200              200
         
            (73.3200)2
                 200

X2 = (-46-7)2 + (-130)2 + (173.3)2­ + (123.3)2 + (126.7)2 
          200          200          200            200          200
X2 = 2180. 89 +   16900 + 30032.89 + 15202.89 + 1605.89
         200              200          200               200           200
X2 = 1090445 + 84.5+150.16445+76.011445+80.26445
X2 = 401.8478
X2 Cal = 401.9
Degree of freedom = (R-1) (C-1)     (3-1) (5-1)
= 2x4 = 8.
Level of significance 0.05 or 5%
X2 tab at 0.05 = 15.507
Decision:
            Since X2cal (401.9) >X2tab (15.507), we reject the Ho: that political and religious involvement does not affect the development programmes and projects in community development. It therefore means that local government should be given administrative and political autonym.  
4.4       Summary of Major Findings
            The following are the major findings from the data analysis:
1.         It was discovered that the availability of finance to local Government is what determines the extent to which local Government staff extends their roles in community development.
2.         That the dearth of managerial know-how is a factor affecting the performance of local government in the management of community development.
3.         That the system of co-ordination of Local government staff is low and it affects the performance of local Government in community development programmes.
4.         That the political and religious involvement also affects the development programmes and project in community development.
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