AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECT OF MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS) IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF EBONYI STATE)

ABSTRACT
This work analyzes the prospect and challenges of the new millennium development goals (MDGs) in Nigeria. Millennium development goals are eight bound inter-national development goals the world leaves endorsed at the united nation millennium summit. It aimed to reducing the pre-dominant level of poverty in the world especially the third world countries. In gathering the information; the researcher distribute questionnaire to the selected respondents and a simple face to face interview was also used. The data collected was analysis and hypothesis was tested using chi-square (x2) test hypothesis. Recommendation made to government in meeting the target come 2015 include; aggressive investment in poverty reduction. Schemes both by the public non-governmental institutions should be embark massive investment in agriculture and rural economic development etc.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE:
APPROVAL PAGE:
DEDICATION:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
ABSTRACT:
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
CHAPTER ONE:                                                                                                   
INTRODUCTION:
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
1.3       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1.4       RESEARCH QUESTION:
1.5       HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY:
1.6       RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
1.7       SIGNIFICANCES OF THE STUDY:
1.8       SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
    CHAPTER TWO:                                                                                  
LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1       NIGERIA AND MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS):
2.2       STRUCTURE OF NIGERIA MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS:
2.3       ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL-POLITICAL PROFILE OF NIGERIA: 2.4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA:
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
3.1       RESEARCH SAMPLE DESIGN:
3.2       QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN:
3.3       POPULATION OF THE STUDY:
3.4       SAMPLE METHOD:
3.5       SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION:
3.6       METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS:
3.7       SOURCES OF DATA:
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.1       DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION:
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:
5.1       SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:
5.2       CONCLUSION:
5.3       RECOMMENDATIONS:
REFERENCES


CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Over the years, the governments of various nations are committed to ensuring the development of their countries via-a-vis improving their standard of living. Hence, they put a good number of efforts towards achieving an improved life for their citizens. Following the united nation millennium declaration at the millennium summit held 6th and 8th September 2000 in New York. Nigeria government has been committed to the realization of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Millennium Development Goals are eight bound inter-national development goals the world leaders endorsed at the united nation millennium summit. The Millennium Development Goals represents an agenda setting for transforming the living condition of all peoples at the turn of third millennium. These goals were targets for measurable improvement in the lives of the world poorest citizens.
            Hence, millennium development goals are policies adopted by the world leader with the hope of bridging the gap between the rich and poor nations of the world and create new order of partnership, development and prosperity.
The eight - Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015 include:
·        Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
·        Promote gender equality and empower women.
·        Achieve under primary education
·        Reduce child mortality.
·        Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other disease.
·        Ensure environmental sustainability.
·        Develop a global partnership for development.
Participating countries were expected to articulate policies, strategies and plans which will facilitate the achievements of the eight MDGS, while the united nation development system was to work closely with countries to facilitate the nation effort.
Recent report of UNDP (2011), examine the progress of Nigeria African’ most popular country towards achieving these goals come 2015. The report concludes that there is potential to reach some of the targets related to achieving universal primary education, ensuring environmental sustainability and developing a global partnership for development. However, based on available information, it is unlikely that the country will be able to meet most of these goals by 2015, especially the goals related to eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, reducing child mortality and combating HIV/AIDS malaria & other diseases.
Hence, this work aim to analyse the trend so far in Ebonyi state Nigeria and proffers some reasonable solution to government as to measures that should be adopted to increase the nation growth and development.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Under-development is one concept that has continued to draw the attention of many scholars, economist, activist and political leaders. Millennium development goals MDGS as was adopted by the world leader in September 2000 as parameter to ensure the development of every economy of the countries that are members, it has been criticized and appraised by many studies. The analyses of Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria especially Ebonyi state; reveals that Ebonyi is still very far in actualizing most of the goals come 2015.
Today, Nigeria is ranked among the poorest countries in the world. The fight against poverty has been a central plank of development planning since independence in 1960 and about fifteen ministries, fourteen specialized agencies, and nineteen donor agencies and non-governmental organizations have been involved in the decades of this crusade but about 70 percent of Nigerians still live in poverty. Thus, millennium development goals is a researchable problem because its seek to address issue on poverty, health care, education gender equality, global partnership for development, as endorsed by the international community to be achieved by the year 2015. This work is committed towards analyzing the trend of the millennium development goals in Ebonyi state Nigeria, its prospected challenges so far since its adoption in Nigeria.
Arguably, Millennium development goals has of today, taken a centre stage in most governmental activities in the countries at both federal; state and local government level. It has been argued that Nigeria being the most populous country in African; third largest economy after South African and Egypt and with a vast array of natural and human resources has the potential which is enough for it to compete favourably with other countries of the G.7 (i.e. United state, Canada, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and United Kingdom).
One will be tempted to ask why Nigeria as a country remains in the state of underdevelopment; despite her vast natural resources. And what is the cause of this her underdeveloped status?

1.3       OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This research work aim at assessing the prospect and challenges of new millennium development goals. Thus, the work will reviews the overall performance of MDGS in Nigeria and its prospect toward 2015 MDGS goals. Hence, the specific objectives include;
1.      To examine the achievement & progress made so far in the process of implementation of MDGS.
2.      To review the key challenges to achieving MDGS in Nigeria.
3.      To suggest possible policies and strategies which will facilitates the achievement of the goals.
4.      To suggest for each of the goals, key priority action that government need to pay maximum attention.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research question will guide the researcher in the course of this work. These include;
1.      Why are some countries under-developed and others developed?
2.      How is Nigeria, Ebonyi state faring in MDGS?
3.      What are the challenges towards achieving MDGS in Nigeria?
4.      What strategies to adopt in realizing MDGS
5.      How can Nigeria progress in MDGS targets
6.      Why are some nations realizing the objectives of MDGS

1.5       HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
The following hypothesis will guide this study.
H0: Nigeria has not benefited from millennium development goals (MDGS) projects

H0: Nigeria has not benefited from millennium development goals (MDGS) projects

1.6       RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The method that will be employed in this research work, to facilitate empirical testing of the impact and prospects of MDGS in Nigeria is survey method. The data will be sourced primarily through the questionnaire, secondary sources which include related literature, text book, journal documents, newspaper, internet and personal computation.

1.7       SIGNIFICANCES OF THE STUDY
Millennium Development Goals are policies adopted to accelerate economic growth and development of United Nation members. This research will be of great help to the government agencies, students and equally add to exiting developmental programs of the UNDP, UNICEF and AFRODAD on the importance of the MDGS in Nigeria.

1.8       SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research work, will critically analyze the impact and prospect of the millennium development goals (MDGS). Analyzing Nigeria experience since it adoption till date, using  Ebonyi state as a case study. The research work, however is limited by the following constraints; Data sourcing, since majority of the respondent are at first not free to respond and it took the researcher time to convinced them. Other factors are time and financial constraint.


CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1       SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
This research work attempts to examine the impact and prosper of Millennium Development Goals on Nigeria economy, the study employed questionnaire as a method of data collection, and employed chi-square techniques in the estimation of the data so collected. From the analysis so far, the study shows that by the year 2015, some of the MDGs goals will be achievable, primary health care in particular. More so, it has been observed that with the attainment of the primary health care by the 2015, Nigeria will be termed one (1) among the development country in the world. Although health is not on a criteria / indicator for development, but it plays a major role in determining and estimating the living standard of people living within the country. Furthermore, it is observed that MDGS has served as a link between the federal state and local government, thereby bridging the gap between the rich and the poor. This indicates that government has live-up to expectation in the implementation of MDGS’.

5.2       CONCLUSION
This research work, attempt to examine;  if Nigeria has benefited adequately from the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) project. This study has established the fact that MDGS project has indeed achieve some of its objectives in the implementation of its projects especially in the areas of health care delivery and develop a global partnership for development. However, other indicators shows poor trends and deviate widely from the targets reversing these undesirable trend and accelerating progress towards the MDGS 2015 targets will require bold measures to enhance services delivery, scale up investment, rationalize resources allocation, improve implementation, coordination and improve the quality of government spending. Looking ahead, to the future of Nigeria conclusion is drawn from the point that by the year 2015 Millennium Development Goals, rate and its indicators will move Nigeria from developing to developed economy.
5.3       RECOMMENDATIONS
In the light of the above findings, the following recommendations have been made.
Aggressive investment in poverty reduction schemes both by the public and non-governmental institutions. Massive investment in Agriculture and rural economic development; Massive mobilization of grass root participant in project implementation of MDGs programs. Increase in allocation of seats to women in political office holding at all the various stages of governments. Aggressive investment in health especially in areas that affect child killer diseases; Improvement in the health care delivery system so as to reduce maternal mortality; Further, strengthening of the awareness on HIV/AIDS pandemic and other killer diseases; massive investment in clean air, pipe-borne water and pursuance of productive and protective environmental. The government should make polices and take bold measures to enhance services delivery, scale up investment, rationalize resources allocation, coordination and improve the quality of government spending. Adequate, reliable and timely data is a pre-requisite for accurately measuring and trading the Millennium Development Goals. Most Millennium Development Goals and indicators have not been adequately evaluated due to large gaps in the data. Hence, urging the office in charge of data collection, to adequately and efficiently collate data for easy assessment.  This is because many of the indicators cannot be assessed due to lack of data.

REFERENCE
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African Forum and Network on Debt and Development. AFRODAD, (2005). The politics of the MDGS and Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal of the Global Partnership for Development (Goals). Harare: AFRODAD
Agbu (2006): Globalization and the Nigeria’s Economy. Nigeria Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 32, No.1
Akindele, S.T. and A. Adebo, (2004). “The Political Economy of River Basin and Rural Development Authority in Nigeria. A Retrospective Case Study of Owena-River Basin and Rural Development Authority (ORBRDA) “Journal of Human Ecology, Vol. 16, no1, pp 55-62.
Aribigbola Afolabi (2009): Institutional constraints to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Africa: The example of Akure Millennium City and Ikaram/ Ibaram villages in Ondo State, Nigeria. FGN/ECA/OSSAP-MDGs/World Bank 7-9 May 2009.
Central Bank of Nigeria (2006). Annual Report and Statement of accounts. Abuja: CBN
Economic Commission for Africa EAC, (2005). The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: progress and challenges. Addis ababa: Economic commission for Africa.
Falade, J.B. (2008): Socio- Economic Policies and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Africa: Analysis of Theory and Practices of MDGs. In Akinnawo, E. O. et al in socio-economic Policies and Millennium Development Goals in Africa hosted by Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, AAU, Akungba Akoko.
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