3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
A survey research design was used in eliciting
information on the factors affecting prevalence of anemia in pregnancy among
women attending antenatal clinic at Federal Medical Centre Abakaliki.
3.2 RESEARCH
SETTING
This study was conducted at Federal Medical Centre
Abakaliki. The Hospital is located at the center of Abakaliki urban. It is
patronized by people both from the city and surrounding villages.
33 TARGET POPULATION
The population of this study is made up of women
attending antenatal clinic at F.M.C. within I month (May 2010).
3.4 SAMPLE
SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Random sample was used to select 65 women out of 260
women that attended antenatal clinic at FMC within the month.
3.3 INSTRUMENT
AND METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
A check list was self developed and it consists
of information on demographic data and laboratory investigations on haemoglobin
levels and gestational periods. The developed checklist was sent to the
supervisor who made some corrections. The corrected copy was used for a pilot
study. After the pilot study the final corrections were made to ensure content
validity of the instrument. Permission as taking from the Head of Nursing
Services and the Hospital record Department to allow the researcher who is also
a staff easy assess to the records.
The checklist was used by the researcher herself to
collect the information from the clients’ records.
3.6 METHOD
OF DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected were organized and analyze
statistically using means, percentage, bar chart and pie charts.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
TABLE 1 the
prevalence attending Antenatal clinic at FMC Abakaliki
|
Mean
Hb (mg/dl)
|
Mother
NO.
|
percentage
|
|
<11
11.1 -13 |
36
66 |
3O%
55% |
|
>13
|
18
|
15%
|
|
Total
|
120
|
100%
|
The result of the prevalence of anaemia among woman
attending Antenatal clinic in FMC is shown in Table 1.the result show that
women with Hemoglobin less than llmg/dl is 30%, those whose Hemoglobin is
between 11.1-l3mg/dI is 55% while those whose Hemoglobin is greater than l3mg.dl
is 155.
TABLE 2: Effect of Age on the prevalence of anaemia among women attending Antenatal clinic in federal medical centre Abakaliki.
TABLE 2: Effect of Age on the prevalence of anaemia among women attending Antenatal clinic in federal medical centre Abakaliki.
of anaemia among women FMC Abakaliki
|
Hemoglobin
Level
|
Age
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mg/dl
|
20-39
|
30-39
|
40-49
|
50<
|
Total
|
|
<11
|
12(10%)
|
4(3.3)
|
8(6.7%)
|
12(10%)
|
36
|
|
11.1-
|
20(16.7%)
|
26(21.7%)
|
12(100/c)
|
8(6.7%)
|
66
|
|
>13
|
|
|
|
2(1.6%)
22
|
18
|
|
>13
Total
|
4(3.3%)
|
|
4(3.3%)
|
|
|
|
Total
|
36
(30%)
|
38
(31.7%)
|
24
(20%)
|
22
(18.3%)
|
120
|
The effect of age on the prevalence of anaemia among
women attending antenatal clinic in F.M.C is shown in Table 2. the results show
that women with Hemoglobin level less than limg/dI for age range of 20-29,
30-39, 40-49, 50 and above are 1O%, 3.3%,6.7% and 10% respectively. Those with
Hb of 11.1 1-l3mg/dI for ages 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50 and above are 16.7%,
21.7%, 10% and 6.7% respectively; those women whose Hb is above 13mg for age
range of 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50 and above are 3.3% and 1.6°k respectively.
TABLE 3 Effect
of parity on the prevalence of America among woman attending Antenatal clinic
in FMC Abakaliki.
|
Hb
level
|
Parity
|
|
|
|
|
|
mg/dl
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<11
|
1-2
5(4.2%) |
3-4
5(4.2%) |
5-6
1O(8.4%) |
6<
16(13.4%) |
Total
36 |
|
11.1-13
|
30(25%)
|
20(16.8%)
|
10(8.4%)
|
6(5%)
|
66
|
|
>13
|
5(4.2%)
|
8(6.7%)
|
3(2.5%)
|
2(1.7%)
|
18
|
|
Total
—
|
40
|
33
|
23
|
24
|
120(100%)
|
The effect of parity on the prevalence of anaemia
among women attending antenata clinic at F.M.C Abakaliki is shown on Table 3.
the results show that women whose Hb level were less than 11mg/dI, with parity
range of 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 6 and above are 4.2% 4.4%, 8.4% and 13.4% respectively.
Those who parity range from 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and above with the Hb range of
11.1-l3rng/dl were 25%, 16.8%, 8.4% and 5% respectively. Those whose Hb
were above l3mg/di with poriy at 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 6 and above were 4.2°/o,
6.7°/o, 25°/b and 1.7% respectively.
TABLE
4:
Effect
of gestation age on the prevalence of anaemia among women attending antenatal
clinic of FMC Aba kaliki.
|
Hb
level mg/dl
|
Gestational
age in weeks
|
|
|
|
|
|
1-12
|
13-24
|
25-36
|
Total
|
|
<11
|
6(5%)
|
14(11.7%)
|
16(13.4%)
|
36(30%)
|
|
11.13
|
25(20.8)
|
28(23.3%)
|
13(10.8%)
|
66(55%)
|
|
>13
|
25(4.2%)
|
10(8.3%)
|
3(2.5%)
|
18(15%)
|
|
Total
|
36(30%)
|
52(45%)
|
29(25%)
|
120(100%)
|
The result of the effect of gestation age on the
prevalence of anaemia among women attending antenatal clinic in FMC Abakaliki
is shown on Table 4. the results show that women 3O39 had the least level
anaemia in pregnancy. The older women had the highest level of anaemia in
pregnancy.
The results show that the average Hb level of
pregnancy women that attend antenatal clinic in F.M.C Abakaliki is 11.1-l3mg/di
pority has an effect on The anaemia in pregnancy. The higher the parity the
higher the rate of anaemia. The may be explain-by the fact that the women get
their iron store depicted each time they get pregnant. The result show that
women of pi1ty of 6 and above had the highest rate of anaemia. While those of
pcj1ty 1-2 has the highest level.
The result also show that gestating age has effect the
anaemia. Though what look like anaemia in ages of 13-3Owk can be indication of
haemodilution that is as a results of two distinct processes, plasma volume
expansion and a rice in red blood cell mass which averages about l8% during
pregnancy to facilitate a necessary increase in oxygen uptake (myle 2006). The
combination of these processes haemoglobin level from the 20th to the 35th
weeks of pregnancy with about a 5% reduction in the first trimester, a IO-l5%
reduction in second trimester and a 5% increase after the 35th week of pregnancy
when plasma volume stabilized.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. CONCLUSIONS
From the above result it can be concluded from the
study.
(I) That
the prevalence of anaemia among women that are attending antenatal clinic of
federal medical center Abakaliki is 30% with hemoglobin of less than 11mg /dl.
(ii) That
age affect the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy among women attending a
antenatal in federal medical center Abakaliki. That anaemia in pregnancy is
higher among women that are above 40 years of age.
(iii) That parity
has a signifying effect on the preference of anaemia in pregnancy. The more
number of parity the higher the rate of anaemia.
(iv) That gestational age has effect on the prevalence of
anaemia and this is associated with haemodiluting effect of the pregnancy on the vascular system.
(iv) That gestational age has effect on the prevalence of
anaemia and this is associated with haemodiluting effect of the pregnancy on the vascular system.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
From the study the following recommendation were
include.
(1) That
iron supplement should be given to the mothers during pregnancy.
(2) That
mothers should have had up to four (4) pregnancies should be encourage to
practice family planning.
(3) Women
above the age of 40 should be also encouraged to practice family planning and
if they get pregnant should be viewed as “at risk” pregnancy.
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