There are so many species of this plant i.e Napoleona
leomensis, Napoleona panviflora and Napoleona Vigili Hook all in the family
lecythipaceae. A shrub or tree 2.50-5m tall, how-braching and dense
erown, of the umberstrony of riverrain and coastal closed-forest from curinea
to S. Nigerian. The tree bears attractive white to pall reddish flowers, and is
potentially or namental.
Usage
General
Agri-horticulture:
ornamental, cultivated or partially tended.
Medicines: Diarrhea, dysentery; dorspby,
swellings, oedema, gout; venereal disease.
Photochemistry: alkaloidl;
miscellaneously poisonous or repellent
Products: fuel and lighting; mouse
hold, domestic and personal items
Bark
Food: Mashitcatory; sances, condiments, spices, flavounings
Medicines: Stomach troubles
Leaf
Prink: alcoholic, stimulant
Medicines: arthritis, rhenmatism, etc
pain-kivers, paralysis, epilospy convulsions,
spasm
Phyotchemitry: taumins,
astringents
Leaf TIWIG, bark
Phyotchemitry: glycosides,
sapomins, stenodis
Root
Medicines: fabric fuges
TWIG
Products: chew-sticks, etc
Care
The Napoleona plant is grown
widely on a prickly rocky bush in most parts of Ebonyi State.
Taxonomy
Botanical name: Napoleona
Vogelli Hook common names: Udanutobo, Nkpoda,
Nwoba
Kingdom - plantae
Order - evicales
Family - lecythidaceae
Genus - Napoleona Vogelii
Hook
Source - Igiji,
etal (2011)
Plant type: ornamental flowing shrub or small tree that
is native to southern
Nigerian and cuine
Light: crows best in full sun but will tolerate light shade.
Prefers warm
and humid climate
Moisture: requires medium water regularly. Moderate
drought tolerance
Acid-Base Indicator
Indicators are weak acids and weak bases that have
organic orign which are characterized by colour variation. Many substances like
litmus paper, dye and natural substances like red cabbage changes colour with
response to acids and blaes.
Mostly indicators are used to detect
the equivalence paint in titration of solution of unknown strength with a
standard solution i.e a solution whose strength is exactly known. In
acidimetric titrations, hydrogen in (or an acid-base) indicator is sued. This
indicator is a substance, which in certain limits, changes colour as the pH of
the solution, changes during the titration of acid with a base. This offers a
simple method for determining the colour of a suitable indicator when placed in
the solution. The pH range i.e the range over whch the indicator changes colour
is different fro different indicators i.e the pH range of the indication phenol
ph thalein is 8.3-10.5 If the pH of the solution is 8.3 or less
phenolphthcilein will be colorless in the solution. But as the pH value rises
above 8.3, phenolphthalein will develop a prink colour in the solution. Similarly
the pH range of indicator like methyl orange is 3.2 -4.5 or less, methyl I
orange will have red-colour but as the pH value of the solution rises above
4.5, the colour changes from red to yellow.
Acid- Base Theories
Arrhenius
Theory
In 1884, arrhenius suggested the theory of
electrolytic dissociation and proposed the self immunization of water. His
suggestion was based on the early stage of chemistry, when acid were
distinguished by their effect on certain plant pigments such AS LITMAUS. Also,
bases were substance which react with acid to form salts water was used almost
exclusively for reactions in solution.
H20 -> Hy + OH‑
Substances
producing H+ were called
acids, and substances producing off were called bases. Below is a neutralization
reaction.
HCl + NaOH NaCl
+ H2O
Acid base salt water
Bronsted – lowery theory
In 1923, Bronsted and Lowry independently defined
acids as portion donor any bases as proton acceptors.
2H2O
HzO+ + OH–
solvent acid base
For aqueous solution, this definition does not differ
appreciably from the horcerius theory because water self- ionizes as shown
above. Substance, that increase the concentrations of (H3O+) in an
aquourl solution above the value of 10-7 mol2 1-2 from the self-ionization
are acids, and those that decrease it are bases.
Bronstey-Lawry theory is very
important and useful in that it extends the scope of acid-base systems to cover
solvents such as eulphinc acid, and all my diogram