SEMINAR WORK ON THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER AT DIFFERENT LEVEL


ABSTRACT - The fundamental aim of these practical is to known the effect of inorganic fertilizer at  different levels of application . 

CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION
Actually water melon (citrullus lanatus) a native of southern America. It originated   from a dry area in tropical and subtropical  Africa south of the  equator. It  was first grown by Egyptian, it belong to vegetable  crops  and it was introduce in Europe by Moorish invader. It have  a scientific  classification as follows.

Kingdom- plantae
Omisoon – magnoliophyta
Class – magnoliopsida
Order – cucurbital
Family -  cucurbitaceae

Genus – citrullus

Species -  citrullus lunatus

SOIL REQUIREMENT

 Water melon  requires a well  drained soil wether clayed or sandy soil, the best soil are sandy soil.
The soil is  typically made of  parent materials, with unconsolidated parent  material within  50cm of the soil surface, poor  soils  can be improved for water  melon  production  by organic  and  inorganic fertilizer. Soil PH  affects the present of  nutrient  for plant growth. A slight acid soil with  PH of  5.5  is ideal  for water melon, the land space of the area is sloppy in  nature and some part of the soil can retain water for   long time  and also  accumulate nutrients for  plant growth.

CLIMATE OF THE AREA

One of the factors   that affects agricultural  production is  climate and these include humidity  temperature,  rainfall,  light, wind and all these concept affect the growth of the plant.  Nigerian lies on the  tropical belt and the  temperature  is always high. Average monthly temperature  varies between 21-35oc .  If water supply  is  sufficient, high temperature is favourable for  plant growth and it germinate at soil temperature  of  68-750 for plant to growth the requires sunlight.

TOPOGRAPHY

Soil formation is affected by altitude  and  degree of  exposure to the elements. The  topography  of the land is slightly feather and  aerated whereby we  possibility of erosion is  negligible.
MATERIALS/ METHOD USED CHAPTER NO
a.                   The equipment used are as follows: cutlass/matchet: it is used  to clear the vegetation
b.                  Pick axe: it is used  to in disintegrating the  heavy soil
c.                   Pegs/ropes: It is  used to differentiate  one bed from  another . the  traid are tied  around  the  bed.     
d.                  Rake: it is used  for disintegrating and breaking clod of soil after  hoeing   and for gathering dug-up weeds, cut stem and roots.
e.                   Paint: it is used to highlight or indicate sign post were you  wrote our  registration number for  proper identification.
f.                   Weighing  balance:  It is used  to measure  the quantity of  inorganic fertilizer to applied and Wight of the pods after harvesting.
g.                  Measuring tape: it is used to measure the land area and also to know the length and width of the farm land
h.                  Board -  it  identifies the  registration  number and also serve as  scare  crow to  frighten prey e.g bird
i.                    Watering can – it is used in watering the plant.
j.                    Hoe: It  is used to cultivate and to breakdown the  soil into smaller particles  for easy planting  

MATERIALS  USED

a.          Inorganic and organic  fertilizer :  It is used to maximize the fertility  of  the soil so as to boost the growth yield.
b.          Water: It serves as food to the  soil and also  catalyse the growth and yield  of the plant.
c.          Zap chemical: It is an insecticide used in killing insecticide that  affect the  water  melon
d.         Seeds: They are materials used for planting.
e.          Straw: It is used for mulching.

CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
The farm work started  on 25th February  2012  which includes site allocation, land clearing, experimental design tillage,  panting  to aeration, suitable environment of its  potential  advantage. 

FIELD PREPARATION/  CULTURAL PRACTICES 

It involve the following:
Land  preparations
Land preparation  involves  pulverizing of the   soil
a.           To makes the soil  more suitable for seeding  and transplanting establishment
b.          To improve productivity by providing  the best  soil structure for subservient root growth  and development.
c.           To  help in controlling some of the disease problem

CLEARING

The vegetation was cleared  with cutlass,  the  land was properly cleared packed and burnt

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

The farmland  was mapped out using  measuring  tape.
The  experimental where laid  out in    randomized complete block design (RCBD)  with  3  replication and  10m pathway between  one  replication and the other  making  total bed of  32 beds   and each  bed have  9 stands

TILLAGE OPERATION

The bed  were made manually with hand  tools like hoe, pickaxe,  etc. the  bed were  raised  at height of  2-30  above the ground  level   and it is feat.  The bed  measures  3 x3 and 0.5 in between rows.  The  furrows  or in between  rows  permit water to sink and  also  allow measurement during   cultural the slope  to reduce erosion if there is  rainfall.

PLANTING OPERATION

On  23rd February  2012  the  water melon is spread in room temperature of  300c 

SELECTION OF SEEDS FOR PLANTING

Two verities of water melon  are used for   planting and  they are sphere and round shape  seed of water melon and the varieties  are planted according  the  variety allocated  to the replications.

PLANTING

The method used  in planting is dibbling  method which involves using a stock to  make a hole before sowing the seed and  seed is planted tow seed per hole.  The  distance between the stand 1m apart.
Planting was carried out using the experimental design
EXPERIMENTAL  DESIGN
TABLE  1 GENERAL ANOVA TABLE
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)TABLE
Source of variance
d.f
s.s
m.s
f.tab
f. Tab
Block
r-I
Ã¥1 x2-  x2
  R       rt
B(S.S)
B(d.f)
B(sm)
Ã¥(d.f)
B(d.f)
Ã¥(d.f)
Treatment
t-I
Ã¥1 x2-  x2
  R       rt
T(SS)
T(d.f)
T(sm)
Ã¥(m.s)
T(d.f)
Ã¥(d.f)
Error
(r-i)(t-I)
Total
SS-BSS
= TSS
Ã¥ (ss)
Ã¥(d.f)
-
-
Total
Tr-I
Ã¥X1 X2
    Rt
-
-
-

SPECIFIC ANOVA TABLE FOR 6 X 3 FACTORIA EXPERIMENT IN RCBD
Source of variance
d.f
Block
r-I
s-I=4
Treatment
T-I
12-1=11
Factor A (fertilizer)
a-1
3-1=2
Factor B (variety)
b-1
2-1=1
Error
(r-1)(t-1)
4(11)=44
Total
Tr-1
(12x3-1)=36

bed
Rep 1
Rep 2
Rep 3
1
0V1
0V1
0V1
2
30V2
30V2
30V2
3
60V1
60V1
60V1
4
90V2
90V2
90V2
5
120v1
120v1
120v1
6
150V2
150V2
150V2
7
0VI
0VI
0VI
8
30V2
30V2
30V2
9
60V1
60V1
60V1
10
90V2
90V2
90V2
11
120V1
120V1
120V1
12
150V2
150V2
150V2

CROP MANAGEMENT

Water (irrigation  was applied both in the morning  and evening until water drips through the container drawn holds, uniformly  most surface soil ensure  good germination water is applied only when the  surface of the soil is dry to the touch.  As  plant grows larger their water need  increases  

MULCHING OPERATION

The mulching materials used area straw which was applied on the  surface of the soil 
The reasons  while  we mulch include
1.           To regulate soil temperature
2.           To add organic matter to the  soil
3.           To prevent erosion
4.           To maintain moisture content of the soil  and reduce rate  of evaporation  of water  from the soil
5.           To protect growth of weeds
6.           To  protect  the soil from overheating

WEEDING OPERATION

Weeding involves the eradication of unwanted plant predominately weed impose big problem to watermelon production. The  beds were  cleared of used 2  weeks after planting . When the seedling  are still young and  again   4-5  weeks before  flowering to avoid  damaging  of water  melon stem that are  ready to fruit.      

PESTICIDE APPLICATION

Insecticide should be made only when necessary or determined suing result of  field  surveys for control of diseases, fungicides are most   effective when applied before disease begin to increase insecticide and  fungicides should be selected based on proven effectiveness inorganic fertilize used  NPK 15:15:15
HARVESTING AND  HANDLING OPERATION 
Water  melon reaches harvest maturity  5-6 weeks after pollination –depending upon  variety  and season
Indication of maturity in water melon.
A change of tendrils nearest the fruits from green to brown . 

HOW  WATER MELON IS HARVESTED
Water melon should be cut   from the vine  rather than pulled twisted or broken off to reduce  charged of stem decay
OBSERVATION
I observed that the temperature of Ebonyi State is  high due to the depletion of the ozone layer which leads to  rapid drying of water after  watering 
Secondly the size of a seed is a good  indication of its optimum sowing depth. When  seed  is sown too deep, most of the reserves in the endosperm will be used for germination and radical growth, leaving  very little for further development.
Discussion
Water melon is  farmiliar to all,  since this can be  very helpful for numerous adverse instances   of our wellness for which   people suffer in such instances, water melon is really efficient and so, everybody likes this fruit  to possess a positive result  by consuming it.
Water melon features a big  amount of  water . this can be  the reason why it  is  truly known as water melon  the water   percentage in the fruit is  about  92%.   
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