COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION
An amazing machine!
We are living in the computer age today and most of our day-to-day
activities cannot be accomplished without using computers. Sometimes knowingly
and sometimes unknowingly we use computers. Computer has become an indispensable and multipurpose
took. We are breathing in the computer age and gradually computer has become
such a desire necessity of life that it is difficult to imagine life without it.
DEFINITION
For most of the people computer is a machine used for
calculation or a computation, but actually it is much more than that precisely computer is an
electronic device for performing arithmetic and logical operation. Or computer
is a device or a flexible machine to process data and converts it into
information.
To
know about the complete process that how computer works we will have to come
across the various terms such as data.
Processing and information first of all we will have to understand these
terms in true sense
1. DATA:
Date is nothing but a mare
collection of basic facts
Without
any sequence. When the data is collected as facts and figure. It has no meaning
at that time, for example, name of student names of employees etc
2. Processing: Processing is the set of
instruction given by the user or the
related data to output calculation, comparisons or the decision taken by the
computer
3.
Information: Information is the end point or the final output of any
processed work. When the output data is meaning it is called information.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER
Actually speaking electronic data
processing does not go back more than
just half a centaury i.e. they are in existence merely from early 1940s. In early days when our ancestor used to
reside in cave the counting was a problem. Still it is stated becoming difficult. When they
started suing stone to count their animals or the possession they never knew
that this day will lead to a computer to today. People today started following
a set of procedure to perform calculation with
these stones, which later led to creation of a digital counting device,
which was the predecessor the first calculating device invented, was know
as
ABACUS
Abacus is known to be the first mechanical calculating
device, which was used to be performed addition and subtraction easily and
speedily? This device was a first develop ed by the Egyptians in the 10th
centaury B.C but it was given it final shape in the 12th centaury A.D by the
Chinese educationists. Abacus is made up of wooden frame in which rod where
fitted across with rounds beads sliding
on the rod, it is dividing into two parts called heaven and earth Heaven was
the upper part and earth was the owner one. Thus any one can be represented by
placing the beds at proper places
NAPIERS BONES
NAPIER
As the necessity demanded, scientist started inventing
better calculating device in thus process John Napiers of Scotland invented a
calculating device. In the year 1617
called the Napier bones, in the
device, Napiers used the bone rods of
the counting purpose where some no is printed on these rods. These rods that
one can do addition subtraction, multiplication and division easily
PASCAL’S
CALCULATOR
PASCAL’S CALCULATOR
In the year 1642 Blasise Pascal a French scientist
invented and adding machine called Pascal’s calculator m which represents
the position of digit with the help of gears in it
LEIBNZ CALCULATOR
In the year 1671
a German mathematics, Gottfried Leibniz modified the Pascal calculator
fn he developed a machine which could perform various based on multiplication
and division as well
ANALYTICAL ENGINE
In the year 1833 a scientist form England knows to be
Charles Babbage invented such a machine, which could keep our data safely? This device was called analytical engine and
it deemed the first mechanical computer. It included such feature, which is
used in today’s computer language. For this great invention of the computer, Sir
Charles Babbage is also known as the father of the computer