CLASSIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF ENZYMES


Before proceeding   what are enzymes/ enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of  chemical inter-conversion that sustain  life. They  work by   binding   to one or more  specific molecules called reactants  or   substrates.
Enzymes can also  be defined as the biological catalyst that optimize cell activity while  minimizing   the amount of energy   needed to achieve a specific reaction. Enzymes  also energized protein molecule found in every living cell and are necessary for life.
There are over  2000 known  enzymes, each of which is  involved  with one specific chemical
reaction. In cells   and organisms, most reactions ware catalyzed by enzymes, which are regenerated ruing the course of a reaction. Biological catalyst  are physiologically important because they speed up rate of reactions  that would otherwise   be too slow  to support life.  Our bodies naturally  produce digestive and metabolic  enzymes as they are needed
Specifically,  the pancrease product enzymes  that  break  down foods into nutrients the body   can use for energy and other bodily   functions
Classification of enzymes
The names of enzymes often include the substrate or substance on which they act, joined with an  ase ending  for example, lactase act upon lactose and maltase  acts on maltose to produce  glucose. Sometimes they  are  named for  their  reaction product,  for example, sucrose is often called invertase, becaue invertase as the  result of  the reaction of sucrose.
The six classes fo enzymes according to the reaction they catalyse are
1.       Oxidoreductases
2.      Transferases
3.      Hydrolases
4.      Lyses
5.      Isomerases
6.      Ligases
Examples
1.       Alcohol dehydrogenate,: This is  an oxidoreductase that converts alcohols to  aldehydes and  ketones
2.      Amino transferates:  transferases catalyzing the aminio acid degradation by  removing amino groups 
3.      Pyruvate decarbotylase:  a lyase  tht removes co2 from pyruvate
Types of enzymes
The  types enzymes include:  a.  simple enzymes: theses are  enzymes  composed  completely of  proteins.
Complex  enzymes: these are those composed of  protein and a small organic molecules  also known  as holenzymes
The enzymes categorized by their function include:
1.      Metabolic enzymes: this catalyze and regulate every biochemical reaction   that  occurs  in our  body and  essential to cellular function and  health
2.      Digestive enzymes: these  are secreted along digestive tract which break down food into nutrients  and waste, and allow the nutrients   a found in foods to be absorbed   into the blood stream
3.      Food  enzymes which enter the body through the consumption of raw foods cooking and processing destroys most of enzymes of food
4.      Plant based enzymes :these are  synthetically grown which  help to break down  facts, proteins and carbohydrates and function  with  a  broad ph  range    
5.      Protoplytic enzymes: they are nzymes that digest proteins, trypsin,  chymotrypsin, pancreatin etc
IMPORTANT  OF ENZYMES
The presence of enzymes in the improve helath and over all  performance   they include
a.      Necessary for celicular function 
b.      Essential for complete digestion  and  nutrient absorption
c.      Helpful in fighting  free radicals
d.      Useful in supporting liver detoxification
e.      Breakdown of  starches and   proteins
f.       It help to  stabilizer  and clarify commercial fruit juice
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