1. Carbohydrate (energy): It gives the animal
energy it is gotten in all grains, for example maize, guinea corn, millet etc,
cassava chips, yam chips. How the animal gets their energy glucose –Ketose- hydrides
Note: Maize constitutes the major components in feed formulation.
2.
Protein: It develops the
tissues. For example blood, muscles meat etc we can also get
the essential amino acids from the protein of
lysine, methanol of fish meal, blood
meal, meat meal, SBM (Soya beans
meal), cotton seed meal, DIC (this
is expensive)
3.
Fat And Oil: It contains little energy
and protein, it supplies loistar into the body of the animal lositar: for easy lubrication of the joint of
the animal and for easy laying
eggs in birds
Note: You do not have to apply too much fat and oil during the formulation of
layers mash, it results of prolapsed eg full fat soya, palm oil, groundnut oil,
Soya oil.
1.
Mineral slat: It is needed
in the body of animal for proper
growth, strongly bone, body structure,
rigidity eg lime stone, oyster shell bone meal Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP).
Note: Lime stone contains calcium only bone
meal is used during the early stage
of broilers for efficient carrying of the body weight
5.
Vitamin: The are needed in small
quantity in the body of the
animal for good metabolism that brings proper growth and development eg vitamin A (enzymes ) vitamin biz and vitamin C
fibre : They are refereed to
as filler, it aids in digestion
eg wheat offal, palm kernel cake (PKC) ,
rice bran or husk, corn offal
REASONS FOR REDUCING PROTEIN IN POULTRY FEEDS
1. To reduce cost
2. To prevent prolapse
Note: energy and protein is the major important
element required in poultry
Factors to be considered before
formulating feeds
1. Types of birds based on layers, growers or chicks
2. Weather conditions: Energy levels in dry or wet seasons differences from each other.
during hot weather, the energy level will be lesser and fibre and protein
contents will be higher and vice versa
Availability of raw
materials in terms of
substitutes