From the map of Nigeria, the southern landscape of the state forms part of the low plains of the Benue origin. Other parts of the state
 are composed of undulating lowlands and a network of hills developed on
 granites, migmatites, pegmatites and gneisses. Around the saltmining 
village of Awe are a number of worn volcanic cones.
Most
 parts of the state that lie within the Benue (valley are composed of 
sandstones. However,) around tshe saltbearing districts of Awe, Keana 
and Akiri, are detached synclinal 
areas formed by localised folding. The
 brine springs of Awa, Azara and Bomanda are associated with anticlinal 
axes along which saltbearing beds within the synclines ) approach the 
surface.
The
 high land areas of the state are found towards the north, notably in 
Wamba, Nassarawa t Eggon and Akwanga Local government Areas. The Eggon 
rolling hills for example, rise to an average ; height of about 1,200m. 
The Maloney Hill in Keffi is of historical significance.
The
 state is drained by numerous fastflowing streams/rivers that take their
 source from the Jos Plateau and flow into the River Benue which also 
marks the state's southern boundary. Prominent among these are the Mada,
 Dep, Ayini, and Farin Ruwa rivers.