Poultry Business in Nigeria - Feasibility study and business plan
INTRODUCTION:
The high demand for chicken meat and eggs has really proven
that Poultry farming in Nigeria is indeed a very lucrative business. The
business of rearing of chicken and producing eggs for sale has created an
opportunity for some young graduates, retired civil servant and the less
privileges etc in the country. Poultry farming has become one of the most important aspects
of farming for many reasons. It creates great business opportunity for
Entrepreneurs, and provides employment for the job seeking citizens. This
feasibility study will help us make a decision as regards starting our own
poultry farm. The Chicken and its products are very rich source of protein of
which we all agreed to that, you and I need the proteins derived from chicken
to maintain healthy living.
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It
is generally believed that every child needs not less than an egg a day for
their normal growth. While every adult needs like ten in a week; Poultry also
provides meat for delicacies - no tribe or religion that forbids chicken meat . Everyone likes it, that's why poultry products sales very
fast and in high demand. The Benefits of Poultry Farming are so numerous that
pages may not contain it all. Apart from the chicken being used as food,
Poultry Farming is equally profitable. A good poultry farmer earns above N20
million per annul depending
on how big the farm is. All these benefits are open to us if we start our own poultry farm today! In this
feasibility study, we shall explore ideas of what is involved so we can build
upon it; and through commenting, people can as well add their own ideas and
findings to compliment the write up. So, I hope to make these studies as
explicit as I can for the benefit of Nigerian farmers.
TYPES OF
BREEDS:
There are basically three different breeds of bird for
poultry business. We have the Broilers, Cockerels, and Layers.
1.The Broilers This bird grows very fast and are
ready for sale at 12 weeks from hatch.
2. Cockerels: This species grow slower and can take up to 24weeks before
they are matured for marketing.
3.Cockerels. This species are reliable in terms of survival and
withstanding bad weathers. They are more resilient, and can absorb shocks far better than Layers and Broilers.
1. Capital:
Poultry Farming is a bit capital intensive - it's all
like trading money to make more money. You need to prepare for this especially
if you want to start on a higher scale. But be assured of making back whatever
amount of money you invested in the business in multiple folds within a short
period of time. Before you venture into poultry farming business, you need to seat back and do
proper calculation and planning; make sure you have idea of all the costs involved. Currently
they seem to be no high level, hi-tech poultry farms in this country like the
ones we used to see in USA, Europe and Asia possibly because of capital
constraint. Any investor who have enough nerve as per capital and needed
capital to venture into it will have reasons to smile within a short period of
investment. Up till now, Nigeria still import chicken from other countries
because the ones the local farmers produces are not enough to meet the demand
of the over 150 Million citizens. There is certainly huge market for poultry
rearing but the question is: Who will take advantage of the opportunity in the
industry to create wealth? Now - if you're ready to get started and hit the
goldmine in poultry farming, here are the basic requirements you need to set up
your farm.
2. Acquire Land in Good Location
One plot of land of 120 x 60 square meter is perfect
for setting up medium scale poultry farm, at least for a start. Once you have a
land that is big enough for your farm set up, half of your need has been taken
care of. Land is about the hardest and probably the most expensive part of
poultry business
in places like Port
Harcourt, Lagos, Abuja, and other major cities. Since you may not be allowed to
carry out Poultry farming amongst residents or other populated environment due to the smell that is associated with poultry
rearing and the subsequent health impact, I'll advice that you look for land in
a rural area or in farms. There you will get lands cheaper, stays out of trouble and
do your production there, while your products will be transported to the urban
area for sale. You can get a large chunk of land in a developing area for small
amount compared to how much you will get the same size of land in a city
like Port Harcourt. I know a farmer who has his poultry farm on eight plots of
land in the village of Ikono which he acquired for less than five Hundred
Thousand Naira when ikono was still very ruler. in Akwa Ibom State. It is
recommended that you get your own poultry farm land and build a permanent farm
rather than to lease to avoid disruption. If you lease a property, the owner
may decide to issue you quit notice at the point you should be settling down
and making progress in the business. And relocating always comes with
huge cost. Except you have much money to invest in poultry farming business in
a large scale and operate with the best of technology, city may not be ideal for
you due to the smelly
nature of poultry farm. If you are in Rivers State, look for lands in places
Ogoni,
Andoni, igkruta, airport road etc not in Port Harcourt. A plot of land in these
area goes for within N500,000!
3. Build
Chicken House For Your Birds
Chicken Coop, pen or Hen house is the building where your
chicken will be kept. This is the second most important part of your poultry
farm set up. The sizes and construction varies based on your need but ensure
the building is spacious enough for the chicken to run around. The house should
be constructed in a way that you will be able to control the ventilation and
air movement. Get a qualified engineer to do designing and building for you if you are going for
large scale construction.
Else, you can just visit any good poultry farm to see how the house is
constructed. The diagram above is the typical design of the standard chicken
house. Like I said before, visit Poultry farms to see how it is done in your
area. When planning out your Hens house, always remember that space is very important.
Don't compromise on
this to avoid frequent loss of your birds through suffocation and
contamination.
 |
| Typical Poultry Farm Location |
4. Buy Healthy
Day Old Chicks For Starting
You need to acquire your birds (normally day-old chicks)
and will have to take very good care of them for the first seven to nine weeks of their life. You must buy
your day-old-chicks from a healthy source -- the productivity of your chicks
depends on how healthy they are! Buy from chicken hatchery that mainly deals
with the supplying of different species of day-old chickens. It's better to buy
from the hatchery (a place where eggs are hatched under artificial
conditions), Chicken hatchery usually produce good quantity of day old chicks
through the use of incubators. The estimated price for day old chicken in
Nigeria is N100 - N250. Negotiate the prices with the sellers; you can get it
cheaper if you're buying from 500 chicks.
So if you are to start with 2,000 birds for instance,
you will need about
N2 million. N500,000
will buy you a piece of land which is not too expenses in some developing parts of port Harcourt And
200,000 should build
a you a chicken house then 300,000 should be able to manage the breeds till they are ready for
harvest. Ensure that you have enough space for the chickens to run around.
6. Get
Feeds, Feeders and Water Troughs
Chicken feed is very important if you want good harvest. You
can buy feeds at stores and make sure you buy the sack of feed that bears the label for the kind of
chickens you have, such as Broiler starter, Chick starter, Layer feeds, etc. The store feeds are basically
balanced feed which will help your chickens do fine if you don't feed them
other feeds. Avoid cheap feeds that have low nutritional value -- your bird wouldn't do well
with that, don't just buy because
they are cheap,
buy because the feed is quality and contains good nutritional value.
You can also set out whole grains in a separate feeder if
you like. I do. This can save you a lot of money if you have a source of cheap
grain, especially if you use a high- protein chicken feed. For example, a
high-protein layer ration
with 20% protein will be
formulated for use with supplemental grain, with the assumption that the hens
will eat about 50% layer ration and 50% grain. Chicks need lots of protein and
will pretty much ignore supplemental grain until they're older and aren't
growing as fast. There's really little point in offering them grain until
they're 6-8 weeks old.
Apart from the feeding, you need to regularly vaccinate
your chickens to
protect them from bird flu and other diseases. Feeding is extensive; you have
to feed them from day-old to maturity. Important: Light must be available at
all time in your poultry farm to keep the chickens warm, especially during
raining season when
the humidity is always very low. Look for reliable source of power to supply your hens house
with
heat and light. Most
layers will start laying eggs the moment they are 18 weeks old but some wait
till they are about 22 weeks old. Whichever way, Layer farming is considered
the most lucrative of all poultry farming. This is because Layers do
two
things, they lay eggs
which fetch good money
in the market, and are equally sold for the meat. A full crate of
pullet eggs
sells for about N500, while a crate of semi-pullet sells for N650 wholesale
price.
If your Layers are large enough to produce 10,000 crates of
large eggs which sells for N700, you will be making at least N650 X 10,000 =
N6,500,000 From eggs alone! The chickens itself is another ball game! A fully
grown chicken sells for between N2,000 and N2,500 (N1,500 to N2,000 at
wholesale price) depending on the size and maturity level. Therefore, ten
thousand chickens will give you N1,500 x 10,000 = N15,000,000
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