BROILER CHICKEN | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS PRODUCTION OF BROILER IN EZZA L.G.A, EBONYI STATE

INTRODUCTION
Broiler birds are those kept and reared for meat production from day old to about eight week of age for good quality tender meat as source of protein in human diet. Poultry production is unique that it offer the highest turn over note and the quickest return to investment outlay in the livestock enterprise. Fund invested in poultry potation are recovered faster than in any other livestock enterprise. The rate of growth in production of poultry is the highest when compared with ruminants and other monobasic animal and the cheapest, commonest and the best source of animal protein.

The importance of poultry farms lies in the quality of production that are provided to humans. Broiler farms provide meat that supplies the human body with quality proteins. Broiler are chicken that are raised for the purpose of meant production and have a large body frame and weight than layers.
Objective of the Study
            The broad objective of the study is to determine the socio-economic factor affecting the farmers on production of broiler in Abakaliki L.GA of Ebonyi State. Specific objective is to determine the effect of socioeconomic characteristics of farmers on the output in the study area.
Hypothesis   
The null hypothesis will tested
Ho:      Socioeconomic factors of farmers do not significantly affect the output of broiler production in the study area.
Data Analysis
Model specification
The regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the under pendent variables on the yield of broiler.
Model specification for broiler;
Y         =          F(X1, X2,X3, X4,X5) implicit form.
Y         =          a0+ a1 + a1 + a2 + a2 + a3 + a3 + a4 + a4 + a5 + a5
                        Explicit function
Where;
Y         =          output of broiler (kg)
X1        =          Age (yrs)
X2          =          Farm experience.
X3          =          Educational status.  
X4          =          Cost of feed.
X5          =          Labour cost.
X6          =          Medication.
Multiple regression on the effect of socio-economic characteristics on the output of broilers farmers in the study area.
            A regression analysis was used to analyzed the effect of socioeconomic characteristics of the broiler farmers on their output.

Multiple regression result, the R2 which was 0.778 or 778% indicates that the induced socio economic characteristics (independent variables) explained about 77.8% of the total variation in the output of broiler farmers.
            The age of farmers had a positive coefficient and statistically insignificant. This implies that older the farmers, the more active they become in broiler production. The a prior expectation is not met because when the farmer get older they lack the strength needed for the tedious nature of the enterprise.
            Coefficient   of farming experience (X2) was found to be positively signed related to the income of the farmers and statistically insignificant. This that the more experienced the farmers become, the more knowledgeable they become in broiler production. The a prori expectation was met.
            The coefficient of educational level (X3) was found to be positively signed and statistically insignificant. This implies that the more of the educated farmers (tertiary education) are actively engaged in broiler production as an occupation. This is because years spent in tertiary education by the respondents influence the adoption of the latest technique in broiler production. The a prori expectation is met.
            The coefficient of feed cost (X4) was found to be negatively signed and statistically insignificant. This implies that the highest the feed cost, the lower the income generated. This indicates that as the cost of feed increases, the quantity of feed given to the broiler will decrease thereby leading to a reduction in growth that will yield low income. As the feed cost arises, the production cost of the broiler increases thereby reducing the income generated. The apriori expectation is met.
Labour Cost X5
            The coefficient (X5) was formed to be positively signed and statistically insignificant. This implies that the higher the labour cost, the higher the income generated. This indicates that income of the farmers is determined by the number of mandays of the labour. The apirori expectation is not met and statistically insignificant. This means that the higher the cost incurred on medication, the lower the income generated by the producer. This implies that producers tend to spend more on medication due to disease outbreak and the apriori expectation was not met.
Conclusively, the overall effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable as depicted by the value of f-ratio(0.895)
            The low value of Durbin-waston show that model is of good fit since; there is absence of auto-correlation, meaning that important variables were not omitted in the regression and the forecasting power of the explanatory variable is very strong.
Therefore, the final estimated regression equation is stated thus;
Y         =          3.717 + 0.143 + 0.066 + 0.357 – 0.002
                        (0.732)  (0.101)  (0.223)  (0.192) (0.059)
            +  0.014  -  0.050  + et.
                (0.077)   (0.082).
Hypothesis Testing
Decisions rule;
            If f-cal is greater than F-tab reject null hypothesis otherwise accept the alternative hypothesis.
F-cal   =          R2(N-K)
                        1-R2(K-1)
where R2        =          multiple determination
            N         =          sample
            K         =          Number of variables
            F-cal   =          ?
F-cal   =          0.778(40-6)
                        1-0.778(6-1)
F-Cal  =          34.232
                          1.11
f-cal    =          30.839
f-tab at 0.05% level.
f-tab 2.09
            Since, the f-cal is greater than the f-tab, the null hypothesis was rejected  and alternative hypothesis accepted. Therefore, the socioeconomic factors of the farmers have significant effect on the output of broiler production in the study area.

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