AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CONTROL IN A COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

A STUDY OF ACCESS BANK, PLC.

A POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA THESIS IN FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA (PG.D) IN ACCOUNTANCY  

ABSTRACT
The study has its objectives, to examine the “Analysis of internal control in a computerized accounting system. In addition, the study deepens in analyzing the infernal control system of Access bank, Abakaliki as the study area. The study sketches a conceptual framework of internal control in a computerized accounting system and outlines the conceptual and academic review of precious authors.


The study applied the chi-square (x2) technique to test the hypotheses on internal control and the adequacy of internal framework of checks and balances of access bank, human resource control on virus and power failure and, as well, the impact of infrastructure in a computerized accounting system. The result of the three hypotheses using the chi-square (x2) test at 0.05% level of significance showed that internal control provides adequate framework of checks and balances that ensure operational efficiency and effectiveness in access bank, there is significant impact of human resource control on the computerization of the accounting system as regards  virus and power failures in access bank and the is significant impact of infrastructure in the computerization of the accounting system as a result of the administrative efficiency in access bank. The researcher recommends that workshops and training should be given to Access bank staff to enable them meet up with the challenges facing access bank. 

This is not a complete work

LIST OF TABLES
4.1             Sex of Respondents
4.2             Age of Respondents
4.3             Marital status
4.4             Educational Qualification
4.5             Internal control improved access bank
4.6             Computerized accounting system provides adequate internal framework that ensures gradational efficiency and effectiveness in access bank.
4.7             Innovation of computer technology into access bank has brought development into the industry.
4.8             Computer accounting provides internal framework of checks and balances into access bank.
4.9             Internal control through computer accounting provides adequate denomination and updates of access bank.
4.10          Human resources has restored imbalances in power failures
4.11         Human resource control has improved customer satisfaction during power failure in access bank
4.12         Human resource keeps the access bank updates through computer operating system.
4.13         Computerization of accounting system has restored the administrative efficiency in access bank.
4.14         Power infrastructural development affects the internal control of computerized accounting system
4.15         Quality infrastructural development keeps the update of accounting system in Access bank
4.16         Infrastructural development attracts customers attention to Access bank.
4.17         Quality infrastructure provides adequate internal framework of checks and balances in Access bank.
4.18         Internal control effect on Access bank
4.19         Computer accounting system and relational efficiency and effectiveness in Access bank
4.20         Contingency for the internal framework of checks and balance by Access bank management,
4.21         Human resource and imbalance caused by computer virus.
4.22         Human resources help in keeping the update of computer accounting system.
4.23         Contingency for human resource control and effect of virus and power failure in a computerized accounting s,0ystem.
4.24         Poor infrastructural development effect internal control of computer accounting.
4.25         Infrastructural development attracts customers to access bank.
4.26         Contingency for the relationship between infrastructural development and customers satisfaction through computer accounting system.                 


CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1       Research Design
            The descriptive method of research based on sample survey design was adopted in this study. Descriptive analysis involves systematic collection and presentation of data to give a clear picture of a particular situation.
3.2       Area of Study
            This work is carried out in Access Bank Plc. It is further narrowed down to Access Bank, branch Abakaliki. This is to help the researcher gather adequate information for the analysis.
3.3       Population of Study
            The population of Access bank plc, Abakaliki as at time of this study is 230 (Two hundred and thirty) staff.
3.4       Sampling Technique and Determination
            Simple random sampling was used in the distribution of questionnaire. This is to ensure that every respondent has a chance of getting a questionnaire in the study. The questionnaire is close ended type which is divided into two parts. Bio-data as part one and the main questions as the second part.
3.4.1   Determination of sample size
            Taro Yamain was used to determine the sample size of the population the formular for the Taro Yamain is given below.
N         =          __N__
                         1+N(e)2        
Where
n          =          desired sample
N         =          Total population (230)
I           =          constant
e          =          Acceptable error margin (0.05)
Thus:  n          =          ___230______
                                                 1+230x0.0025
=                                   
    N__
                           1.575                       =          146.   


Therefore, the sample size is 146 staff.
3.5       Method of Data Collection
            The source of data collection is primary. That is the responses collected from the structured questionnaires that were administered to the responses. The questions were on the five point likert type questions with choice of strongly agree (SA), agree (A), undecided (UN), disagree (D) and strongly disagree (SD). Further, the questionnaire consisted of two sections. The first section focused on demographics of the target audience. The second section covers the main questions.
3.6       Validity and reliability of instruments
            Validity of instrument refers to as the ability of an instrument to prove what is actually claim to measure. Efforts were made to draft the questions in simple and unambiguous language; the researcher also subjected the instrument to scrutiny by presenting them to some experts and academics for test and measurement. Only the revised version was administered to the respondents.

3.7       Method of Data Analysis
            The research paradigms used by this study were the qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the presentation of our data for the study, the qualitative and quantitative data complemented each other. The presence of these two approaches ensured validity and reliability of the study. in other words, the information gathered from literature reviewed assisted to authenticate the data from the questionnaire and interview.
Data presentation consists of simple table showing statistical records in row and column formation and Chi-square (X)2 technique used to test the hypotheses for the difference between a set of observed frequencies and a corresponding expected frequency.
The formula is stated below of significance.
X2        =          (oi – ei)2
                               ei
where             x2        =          chi-square

                        oi         =          observed frequency
                          ei       =          expected frequency              




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