THE POLITICS OF PEACEKEEPING IN DARFUR | ZIMBABWE



SPECIAL POLITICAL AND DECOLONIZATION COMMITTEE (SPECPOL)


INTRODUCTION
            Being a delegate at the National High School Model United Nations (NHSMUN) is what anybody can ever desire for. I must state categorically here, that I am very delighted to be a delegate and most importantly a member of the committee on. Special political and Decolonization committee (SPECPOL).
A committee that deals on current world political happening creating public concerns. Consequently, representing the people of Zimbabwe is what I also greatly appreciate. In situations like this one, it is expected that I write a position paper on my country’s stated on a particular issue. In this case, Zimbabwe and her connection and say in the politics of peacekeeping in Draper in the all-important topic –The politics of peacekeeping in Dapper.
            Darfur is a city in the western part of Sudan. Sudan got her independence from great Britain in 1956 and shares beders with other African countries such as central African Republic and chad. Darfur, a city in Sudan just like other warring factions and clans in the world since 2003, has known no peace and tranquility. It is a faction that has become synonymous with chaos. People are shot in the head and taken captive faster than they can take a blink. Insecurity, displacement of persons, gross violations of international humanitarian laws and wider human right rooms has become the order of the day.
            In situations where anarchy has ensued like this, it is always expedient to give somewhat insight into the emanation of the problem on ground so as to be able to rightly bring justice to the topic. Darpar, according to what history has, consisted primarily of the four people I an ethnic group; Darpur liter achy translates to “land of fur”) the fur people were farmers and nomadic camel holders. These farmers depended on the land and the natural resources of the region such as water. Darpur was initially taken over by an Anglo-Egyptian government but remained under sedans government at the independence of Sudan in 1956. when droughts came in the 1960’s different tribes fought for water and febrile land. This no doubt marked the beginning of Darpur crisis. 2003, marked the beginning of the violence in Darpur today calling for international concerns. Two rebel groups, the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA) and the justice and equality movement demanded the Arab- ruled Sudanese government to start sharing power since there is need for ethnic tolerance. Of course this was a fight for a just course as the Darpur people were marginalized and had no representation in the Al-basher’s government. As there was no strong government response, the “Janjaweed” initials formed. According to speculating, they were being spooned by the Government of Sudan. This Janjawed militias started attacking the rebel groups of Darfur and even the trouble less civilians of the region. No doubt, this has created acorns in the wired as the security council of untied nations has time without numbers passed resolutions on the crisis which I will say has not been able to create reasonable impact on the crisis because of concisions abnormalities. This I can say here, is the background of this Darfar crisis.

WHAT THEN IS THE POLITICS IN THE PEACEKEEPING?                             
            In the state of troubles of regions like this, international bodies, organizations and league of nations lack always intervened and that of Darpar cannot be an exception. With such crisis, there have already been many peacekeeping attempts including the African union mission in Sudan (AMIS), the united Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) the UN-AU mission  in Darfur in 2007, EU mission in Chad, and even non-governmental organizations like amnesty international. Why all these attempts for peacekeeping has not been able to put a cessation to the crisis is what leaves everyone underling. The truth of the matter is that peacekeeping in Darfur has been that full of politics and intrigues which I can boldly state here, that the Government of Sudan (Gos) is the main player.
            The fact here is that many efforts for peacekeeping have been made. My country, Zimbabwe has had involvement in the peacekeeping mission in Darfur. Even though they have not been in the sending of military troops to Darfur, she has been in the decision making and reaching of compromise and consensus as a member of the African union (AU). The problem as known is that, the Government of Sudan decided to impose Sharia doctrines in the Darfur people where the problem now came is the fact that most of Darfur inhabitants are non-Arabs while some are Arabs. This now created religious tension in the area as the Government of Sudan wanted to exercise power over them and the inhabitants themselves formed themselves into rebel groups like Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA), Sudanese liberation movement (SLM) an these two rebel groups affiliated with justice and equality movement (JEM). Their main objective was to bring to the mind of the leader of the Government of Sudan Al-Basher that as human beings, they have the fundamental human right of choice of religion and they can never be forced to believe what their conscience is battling with. The grievances of these rebel groups did not end here. The representation that the Darfur people had in the state machinery was nothing to write home about. It was marginalization in the highest order. No wonder the Sudanese Liberation Army made it clear that the government should be divorced from any religious influence in a statement which wrote. “Religion is a source of spiritual and moral inspiration for our people and the entire humankind in their pursuit of peaceful interaction and greater moral and spiritual ascendancy. The state machinery belongs to all Sudanese regardless of their religious or spiritual values and its neutrality must be preserved. Religion and politics belong to two different domains” .
            This struggle by the Darfur factions and clans to put a stop to man finalization caused more violence. This made the Government of Sudan to try to bring Darfur inhabitants (both Arabs and non-Arabs) under control.
            Even within Darfur there are also strife between those living in there over arable land for farming and the water bodies. All these made Darfur become synonymous to chaos. The untied Nations (UN), the Eu troops, Amnesty international and other Non-Governmental organizations have made frantic efforts to bring about peace in Darfur but the fact that different groups wants to be in the position of superiority has left all these efforts in futility. The Government of Sudan noticing that allowing foreign intervention will be detrimental to them employed tactics. They argued that, foreign intervention will bring about a form of nco –colonialism and that this is a crisis taking place in affection of a country which the country is able to settle. They used this to resist foreign troops from taking part in peacekeeping in Darfur so that they will use the opportunity to achieve their aim of haring, absolute power in Darfur.
            One might then ask, why did the Government of Sudan allow African union mission in Darfur to operate. They felt that, with AU troops take control and AU troops cannot do the job of bringing about peace alone without aids as it acorns foreign troops. To Whisen the whole case, the guidelines and communication institutions dispatched to the AU troops are in German language which these military personals cannot understand. This has in a great measure helped Government of Sudan in their bid to have absolute power on Darfur. The Sudanese liberation movement, the Sudanese Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality movement on their own part is seriously resisting the Government of Sudan and trying to gain control power over their territory. At a point in time, some parts of the Sudanese Liberation Army joined the Government of Sudan when the GOS speculated that she wants peace talks which is a facility. The justice and equity movement also suspected that SLA are now joining the Government of Sudan and decided to fight them and gain control while he branch of the Sudanese Liberation Army still standing is still fighting to gain control themselves also. These and more are the politics of peacekeeping in Darfur, Sudan.

DARFUR CRISIS AND GENOCIDE                                          
            Of course, my country’s stand here is important. When the Government of Sudan paid less attention to the SLA’s, SLM’s and JEM’s agitation for religious tolerance and good representation, the “Janjaweed’ militias came up. These militias are said to be sponsored by the Government of Sudan. The Janjaweed militias have been attacking the rebel groups, the AU groups and refugee camps even across the borders of Darfur in Chad. They kill innocent civilians that are displaced and seeking for help. They are violent and unforgiving. They attack army tribe involved in the confect. They said refugee camps and leave far survivors of course, anybody could believe that, this synonymous and akin to the Rivernda Genocide of 1994 where nurse than 800,000 inhabitant of Hutus and Tutsis were left dead. My country agrees with this believe.

POSSIBILITY OF ELECTION
            As known, there can never be any meaningful development in an astrosphere of insecurity gross violation of international humanitarian laws and wider human rights norms, anarchy and gross misconduct of those at the helm of affairs. The truth remains that there can be no election ins Sudan in her current state. Zimbabwe as my country is standing firm on the believe that election cannot be carried out in Darfur without a new peace agreement. Of course, the reason for this stand in not far-fetched because it is so glaring. The election is going to be filled with irregularities, riggings and people electorates) will be afraid of coming out to vote for lack of security and fear of being killed or kidnapped. Zimbabwe has had election in a time of violence and the outcome was devastating. When the current prime minister, Robbert Mugabe contested with Morfan Tvangaa in the midst of my countries violent state, Robbert Mugabe told the country’s electoral body not to announce the election result. Morfan Tvangarai seeing that it is obvious that be has won and needs to ascend the position, went to court to appeal. At the end, a power sharing deal was reached. The fact remains that no reasonable election can be carried out in Darfur if no peace agreement is reached.

WHAT THEN IS THE SOLUTION          
            I’m delighted that this question is coming up at the summary of this position paper. The issue here is that the referral by the security council of the situation to international criminal court (ICE) was “ill-adviced”. As my country has come to believe, this will worsen the problem in the country as the rebel groups seeking for power in Sudan will make sure that another coup occurs in Sudan with the opportunity of the president being in the ICC out of the state. The truth here is that Al-Basher should come back and settle in Sudan and reach peace deal with the rebel groups. The Government of Sudan and the rebel groups should go to the negotiation table and employ diplomacy in setting this problem. A power sharing deal between the tow groups should also be made possible to ensure equal representation in the government. When this is concluded, military troops of the untied Nations, African Union European union, united states and other interested bodies should be allowed to undertake through peacekeeping mission in Darfur. When peace is finally restored, election can then be carried out. This and nothing less is the only panacea to the lingering crisis in Darfur and it will bring peace, security, respect for human right, dignity, democracy and tangibility to Sudan. With this, I bet the wired that Sudan as a country will become a safe haven and a place to live in.
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