INTRODUCTION
During the last several decades, the
positive relationship between regular exercise and improved health has been
documented in hundreds of published research studies. Early studies of
published research studied. Early studies 40 and 50 years ago focused on
vigorous exercise and male subjects over the years this body of knowledge has
expanded as research focus has expanded to included studies, involving both
genders, multiple subpopulations, moderate physical activity more complex
research designs, and multilevel approaches.
Use of the socio-ecologic
perspective in health promotion research has provided a more complete approach
to understanding and intervening in complex health promotion behaviors at
community, environmental and policy level. The Social Ecology mental and policy mode (1) incorporates the
multiple interrelated levels of individual, physical environment and social
environment variables.
HEALTH PROMOTION STUDIES:- Focus on individuals behaviors.
Historically, studies of health promotion behaviors
were descriptive. Studies that tested interventions followed and have primarily
focused on individual behaviors only in the last decade have researchers
included the environment or the built environment in interventions to improve
health promotion behaviors such as increased physical activity and improved
nutrition. The built environment refers to community factors such as hand use,
transportation systems services, public resources, and building and how these
impact health (2) behavior change for physical activity and improved nutrition
involves complex factors that are not consistent across subpopulations. Therefore
there is no single intervention for improving the health of diverse
populations. The following discussion will highlight recent studies that have
focused mainly on individual behaviors or that include a socio-ecologic
approach.
NUTRITION AND HEALTH PROMOTION IN OLDER
ADULTS.
During recent decades, the concept of health promotion
has become a legitimate part of health care because of the aging of the postwar
baby boom generation. As this population ages the potential strain on health
care systems will increase because the greatest use of health care service
occurs during the last years of life. In older adults there are many
correctable health factors that can be assessed through screening protocols.
Hypertension, cholesterol, hearing vision, diabetes and cancer screening are
well integrated into health promotion programme for older adults exists because
of perception that they would not follow such plans or change their life
styles. However, longitudinal studies have shown that health promotion activities
extend the number of years of health in older people although the relationship
weakens in older age. Changes in diet and exercise patterns are most effective
in the prevention of nutrition related condition when they are instituted early
in life, but positive effect can occur at any age; if nutrition interventions
are instituted early, a substantial reduction in health care expenditures may
result from a decrease in the incidence or the delayed onset of these
conditions changes in behaviors (reducing salt and fat intake) were positively
associated with a belief that consuming a healthful diet would contribute to
better health. The use of a variety of adult education theories and models will
enhance behavior changes that lead to more healthful habits and enable a health
educator to be successful in effecting change.
HEALTH PROMOTION
What is health Promotion?
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to
exert control over the determinates and thereby improve their health. As a
concept and set of practical strategies it remains an essential guide in
addressing the major health challenges faced by developed nations related to
human development and health.
Health promotion is a process
directed towards enabling people to take action. Thus, health promotion is not
something that is done on or to people, it is done by, with and for people
either as individuals or a groups. The purpose of this activity is to
strengthen the skills and capabilities of individuals to take action and
capacity of groups or communities to act collectively to exert control over the
determinants of health and achieve positive change.
ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION
In tackling the determinants of health promotion will
include combinations of the strategies first described in the Ottawa charter,
namely developing personal skills, strengthening community action and creating
supportive environments for health backed by healthy public policy special
attention is also given to the need to reorient health services towards health
promotion.
Thus, health promotion will include
actions directed at both the determinants of health, that are outside the
immediate control of individuals including social, economic and environmental
conditions and the determinants within the more, immediate control of
individuals, including individual health behaviorus.
Health promotion is a powerfully
relevant strategy for social development in particulars as an import set of
strategies to address the factors influencing inequalities in health. Health
promotion also encompasses the principles that underlie a series of strategies
that seek to foster conditions that allow population to be healthy and to make
healthy choices. The range of strategies draw upon multiple fields of thought including
anthropology, epidemiology, sociology, psychology and other behavioural
sciences, public health, political sciences, education and communication to
name a few, and their respective methodologies.
HEALTH PROMOTION AND DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH
Health is a resource for life that
enables people to lead individually, socially and economically productive
lives. It is a positive concept emphassing social and personal (physical mental
and spiritual) it has long been acknowledged that there are certain
prerequisites for health that include peace, adequate economic resources (and
their distribution) food and shelter, clean water a stable ecosystem
sustainable resource use, and access to basic human rights. The challenges to
meet these fundamental needs must remain a core goal for all action directed
towards health, social and economic development.
Recognition of these prerequisites
highlights the inextricable links between social and economic conditions,
structural changes the physical environment, individual life styles and health.
These links provide the key to an holistic understanding of heath, and are
meaningful to people’s lives as they experience them. There are obvious
inherent challenges in achieving the
goal of reduced inequities. Virtually all societies struggle with this problem.
Achieving complete equality in health status among all who live in northern
Ireland could be viewed as an unrealistic goal. But achieving equitable or far
access to the opportunities and supportive environments all people need to be
healthy is both a laudable and achievable goal in a caring, civilized society.
They united nation report on human development suggests that effort to reduce
relative poverty and to increase opportunities in education, employment, wages
and participation in political and economic spheres are the key strategies for
reducing inequities and therefore improving the health and wellbeing of those
who live here.
CHALLENGES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
The fact that health promotion refers
to a collection of strategies that can be applied to many health and
development issues also means that these strategies must operate within context
of something else. Empowerment, advocacy, communications, education, social
mobilization, community participation, and so on all buzz-words of health
promotion adherents, have little meaning in a vacuum. Nor are these components
of health promotion ends in themselves, but means to achieve heal their and
fuller lives.
WHAT IS NUTRITION? WHY IS NUTRITION
IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING MUSCLE AND BURNING FAT?
1.a What
is nutrition?
In business you can have an excellent process to
develop, build and deliver excellent products however, without the essential
elements supporting the process the right support processes, tools and people
in the right roles those products will never live up to the full potential,
while they may achieve some success, the result will never live up to the
company’s expectations. If you workout or weight lifting program is the process
to develop an excellent product- the body you desire for example- then those
essential supporting elements are what make up proper nutrition.
Nutrition is one of the most
neglected areas of any body building or fat loss program considering the amount
of conflicting information available especially for people who want to build
muscle or burn fat, it is no wonder that we often miss the target on nutrition.
So, what is nutrition? Nutrition is the process by which we take in and uses
food and supplements for health, growth, and energy. Foods contain a series of
basic nutrients that the body uses for these function.
These
nutrients are:-
-
Macronutrients
·
Carbohydrates
·
Fats
·
Proteins
-
Micronutrients
·
Vitamins
·
Minerals
WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANT?
Consider again the example of the
business process for building an excellent product if we do not provide the
right support to the design process, then the product will not meet our
expectation. If your product was a car, you would not hand a nail gun to a
banker to install the breaks, would you? Absolutely not. You want the right
tool in the hands of someone with experience putting breaks on a car.
You absolutely need right tools in
the hands of the right people to get the best results. This is why nutrition is
important.
It is the same with your workout and
weight lifting process, you spent time planning and designing your workout and
weight and weight lifting routine to deliver your perfect body. Without the
proper nutrition to supplement your body building or fat loss effort, you will
never have complete satisfaction with your product- your body.
So, what are the tools to build
muscle and burn fat? Those tools come in the form of those nutrients that we
discussed earlier- macronutrients-(carbohydrates, fats and protein)
micronutrients (vitamins and minerals and water)
In addition to these nutrients, the
amount of calories you consume are an important component of nutrition. You
must balance the nutrient ratios to build muscle or burn fat in order to truly
optimize your efforts.
WITHOUT PEOPLE NUTRITION AND CALORIES,
YOU CANNOT BUILD MUSCLE AND BURN FAT EFFICIENTLY
What do we mean by nutrition and
calories? Why are the import to build muscle and burn fat?
On building muscle and burn fat. Com
we spent quite a bit of time taking about the 3 underpinnings of building
muscle and burning fat.
The three core concepts are:-
·
Eat right the
proper nutrition and calories
·
Workout
·
Rest
When you undertake a goal to burn fat and build
muscle, you must incorporate all three of these concepts to optimize your
progress and get the body you want.
EATING RIGHT NUTRITION AND CALORIES
The first of these key ideas is
eating right. Eating right involves not only eating healthy, but also finding
the right balance of calories and nutrition to provide your body with the
nutrients it needs to meet your fat burning and muscle building goals.
To put our traditional business spin
on nutrition and calories, we think about a company or organization, many of
them have a process to increase revenues and profits. This process is analogous
to our workouts both weight lifting and cardio, and to our body’s mechanisms to
burn fat and build muscle once the workouts are completed.
In business, in order to make their
processes as efficient as possible (and therefore make more revenues and
profits) they need the right tools. This would be the people and machinery
necessary to get the job done. Not only do you have the right number of people
and machine, you also have to have the right types of people and machinery.
The same is true for your plan to
lose fat and gain muscle. You need the right balance of calories- the number of
people- and nutrition- the right types of people-to optimize your efforts to
build muscle and burn fat. It stands to reason, then, if you do not have the
right balance between nutrition and calories, you will not be as successful as
you could be.
To burn fat you need less calories.
However, you cannot sacrifice calories at the sake of nutrition. You still need
to get the proper rations of nutrients to maintain hard earned muscle. Your
process will be optimized for people but they may not be the right type of
people. This means that sure, you will burn fat but you will also lose muscle.
As this happens, your fat burning process becomes less and less efficient as
your metabolism slows from the muscle loss.
Along those same lines, to build
muscle fast, you need to increase the number of calories, however, if you
neglect to pay attention to the foods (and thus nutrients) that provide those
calories, then you will not build muscle nearly as fast as you had hoped. For
example, to gain weight and build muscle, you need to eat more calories than
you also known that you need protein to build muscle. Therefore if you get all
of your calories from fat and carbohydrates the weight you gain will be
primarily form fat and not form muscle. Your muscle building process will be
inefficient.
Just as in business, finding the right balance is difficult, and, just like
the right mix of people is different for every process (and for every process
(and for every business you mix of nutrition and calories may also be
different. However, there are some rough guideline you can follow to create
your ultimate nutrition and calories plan
EUROPEAN NETWORK ON NUTRITION AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES:
A network on nutrition and physical activity composed
of experts nominated by the member states of WHO and consumer and health also+
been established by the commission services in 2003 to advise the commission on
the development of community activities to improve nutrition to reduce and
prevent diet-related diseases to promote physical activities to fight over
weight and obesity. They network will be closely involved in analyzing the feed
back to the present Green paper.
THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PROGRAMME
The importance of nutrition,
physical activity and obesity is reflected in the public health action
programme and its annual plans, under the health information strand, the
programme supports activities aimed at collecting more solid data on the
epidemiology of obesity and on behaviorual issues. The programme is putting in
place a comparable set of indicators for health status, including in the area
of dietary intake, physical activity and obesity. Under the health determinants
strand, the programme is supporting pan-European projects aimed at promoting
healthy nutrition habits and physical activity. Including cross cutting and
integrative approaches which foster the integration of approaches on
lifestyles, integrate environmental and socio-economic consideration focus on
key target groups and key settings and link work on different health
determinants. The commissions proposal for new health and consumer protection
programme puts a strong focus on promotion and prevention, including in the
area of nutrition and physical activity, and foresees a new action strand on
the prevention of specific diseases.
AREAS OF ACTION
Consumer information, advertising
and marketing consumer policy aims to empower people to make informed choices
regarding their diet information about the nutritional content of products is
an important element in this respect. Clear, consistent nutrition information
about food can, along with relevant consumer education, act as the foundation
of information dietary choice, with this objective, the commission has
submitted a proposal for a regulation to harmonies the rule on nutrition on
health claims. This include the principle of setting nutrient profiles, in
order to prevent foods high in certain nutrients (such as salt, fat, saturated
fat and sugar) making claims about their potential nutrition or health
benefits. The commission is also considering amendments to the current rules on
nutrition labeling. As far as advertising and marketing is concerned, it has to
be ensured that consumers are not misled, and that especially the credulity and
lacking media literacy of vulnerable consumers and in particular children, are
not exploited. This regards in particular advertising for food high in fat,
salt and sugar, such as energy-dense snatch and sugar-sweetened soft drinks and
the marketing of such products in schools.
Industry self regulation could be
the means of choice in this filed, as it has a number of advantages over
regulation in terms of speed and flexibility. However other options would need
to be considered should self-regulation fail to deliver satisfactory result.
CONCLUSION, CONSUMER EDUCATION
Improving public knowledge on the
relationship between diet and health, energy intake and output, on diets that
lower risk of chronic diseases and on healthy choice of food items, is a pre-requisite
for the success of any nutrition policy whether at national or community level
consistent, whether at national or community level consistent, coherent simple
and clear message need to be developed and disseminated through multiple
channels and informs appropriate to local culture, age and gender consumer
education will also contribute to creating media literacy, and enable consumers
to better understand nutrition labeling.