Weed
competition cause high yield decrease(Weaver and Tan 1987, Qasem,d1993; Pratap
and Shaik,1997).Threshold density of S.nigrum in Italy and France is about 1
plant per linear meter in transplanted crops (Maillet and abdel Fatal,1983;
Damato and Montemurro,1986) and close to zero indirectly seeded plants
(Caussanel et al; 1989ss e 1990;Jacquard and Abdel Fatah,1988).
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