REPORT ON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT AT NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY

The ETP is made up of different stages that ensure that the effluent from the company is well treated before sending out to the environment. The stages are listed below and its diagram.
The  stages are:
·         Static point
·        Self clearing  device (strainer Device )
·        Oil separation tank
·        Equalization tank

·        Biological tank A
·        Sedimentation Tank
·        Biological tank (B)
·        Final  clarification

Firstly, the Nigerian bottling company has a well organized, functional  plant that is  used to treat the effluent from the  company and safety procedure are followed from the entrance of  the  gate to the plant  location which is done by  a yellow marked line that allows for a walkway  to the plant.
The various components of a effluent treatment plant have been derived from unit operations. Every unit operation aims at the removal or reduction of specific objectionable substances to the desired degree.  Depending upon the kinds and magnitudes of the treatment required, proper unit operations are selected   and arranged in the proper sequential order for the purpose of modifying the quality of raw water to meet desired standards. 
The company flowrate of effluent into the   plant is 200m3 /hr and the discharge ratio of influent to the environment is  65 to 70m3 /hr and the rest  130m3 /hr is recycled and surface aerators are used in the tank to remove the odours and  colour  from the tank.  

The two process used in these pant is : the constant flow pump and valve
-         The constant flow /buffer tank: Help to  checkmate  the rate of flow of the effluent in the tank while
-         the valve act as an aid for serving there by passing  a less concentrated  effluent  a flow  directly to the biological tank B  when serving and maintenance  are needed
The  effluent from the Nigerian bottling company contains  pieces  of broken  bottles, oil,  chemical  and  pipes which are screen at the unit operation section known  as the static  point.

The screening removes or hold back the floating matter. The  NaOH (costic soda) or Sodium Hydroxide  in  the  effluent which  is poisonous  and its basic in nature and  will be neutralized by an acid (HCL) thereby forming  salt  and water.  

While the screening of the floating matter are holdback, the rest flows down to the self clearing device where plain sedimentation take place 

Plain sedimentation: Simply means that sedimentation is not effected by the addition of chemical or  other processed in a relatively quiescent state, solids  having specific gravity greater than that of the liquid  containing them settle while solids with  specific   gravity  lower  than that of the liquid tends  to rise. Though the debris are removed but the effluent  still contain  sand and oil. But  on reaching the strainer  device some of  the  debris that  escaped are been trapped by the screen at the strainer device which  is  3mm  apart each other. It is normally taken as a batch separation process where some of the sand which where unable to pass the hole are retain but rest are sent to the oil separation unit  but  due  to  the fact that pressure  of effluent  entering into  the oil separation  tank is on high pressure it  tends to push and missed with the oil  that is meant to settle after the  first process tank but on the third process tank the  separation takes place settling the sand and floating the oil at  the surface of the third  process  tank of the  oil  separation tank  which is  scoop out with net, the water in-between the oil and sand flows into the fourth stage known as the equalization tanks. After  the separation of sand and oil the  treatment  of the effluent start properly  at  these stage, the water that flows  into the  equalization tank  still contain chemical known  as sodium hydroxide which is transferred into the tank.  The moment you start agitation in the equalization tank it helps to reduce the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which is base in nature then manually by hand hydrochloric acid is coagulated by allowing it to  dozed into the equalization tank. To determine or know the quantity of HCL. (hydrochloric acid)  to be applied in the equalization tanks is by simply dipping in a meter reader in the tank  at the ratio of 1000m3  water you apply  600 liter of hydrochloric acid which  is  a standard  but can be changed depending the among  of sodium hydroxide  present in the equalization  tank. Micro-organisms that are present in the effluent are enriched in the Biological Process A with urea and decomposition process take place producing water, biomass and   carbon iv oxide.   carbon iv oxide easily escape to the atmosphere and leaving behind biomass and water which either  sent to sedimentation tank for separation or to  the  belt press room where sludge is abstracted   from biomass and it is pressed to a sludge  cake which is use as a manure in agriculture.  Before the sludge cake is produced it pass through a ploymaker unit where polyelectrolyte coagulate  with biomass before sending it to the sludge belt  press  at the sedimentation tank which is the sixth stage, normally defined as a separation of wanted from unwanted. 

Sedimentation tank may  be considered to consist of  four part
·        inlet zone where influent flow and suspended  solids disperse over
·        A settling zone where suspended solid settle
·        A bottom zone where settled particles accumulate and are withdrawn 
·        An outlet zone  through which the effluent  flow out
In the sedimentation tank there is a cylindrical scaper bridge machine  that rotate and collect the scum to pit then the  sludge (Biomass) to sludge tank and it take maximum of  6 month/ one year for a sludge to be matured  before  sending it to belt press room for  sludge  cake.
The effluent is then sent to the biological tank B which is the seventh stage and a surface aerator is turned on to stirs, by removing the odours.  The final stage which is the final classification tank where chlorine is added before send it fish pond or to the lake /river around the company known as  the AJARI RIVER.    
Below is the data log for Nigerian bottling company production record is attached  and it shows the weekly  report  and necessary precaution obtained if need be.

The following are the challenges and precautions taken in the effluent  treatment plant      

CHALLENGES:     
-          At the static point the effluent discharged was overflowing it channel reason being that the pipe was not wide enough to accommodate  the  flow 
-         At the time of inspection the (HCL) hydrochloric acid needed to  prevent the odour from the  effluent was not available whereby causing un-conducive  environment.

PRECAUTION
-          A  wire gaze was constructed to reduce  the flow rate coming into  the pipes
-         Place order for the replacement of (HCL)hydrochloric acid   which was not enough to  neutralized  the base (NaOH) sodium hydroxide
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