Guidance and Counseling is defined as
a planned and organized work aimed at assisting the trainee to understand himself
and his abilities and develop his potentialities in order to solve his problems
and achieve psychological, social, educational and professional compatibility,
and also to achieve his objectives within the framework of Islamic teachings.
Guidance and Counseling complement each other though there are some
differences.
Guidance is a group of planned
services that include counseling, it provides the trainee with miscellaneous
information to upgrade his feeling of responsibility, understand himself and
know his abilities and provide guidance services to trainees.
Counseling on the other hand is the
procedural aspect of guidance; it is therefore the interaction that comes as a
result of the vocational relationship between a specialized
counselor and his student
where the counselor assists the student to understand himself and his abilities
and talents to achieve self and environmental compatibility in order to attain
the appropriate degree of mental health in light of the techniques and
specialized skills of the guidance process.
Many
students see the counselor in different ways. A research by DENGA 1983:32
conducted on two thousand students showed that student has fully recognized the
role of a counselor. He then identified six (6) steps in the guidance and
counseling process. These are depicted as follows:
a.
Counseling
service: the counseling service have been identified as the focus or melting
point of tee guidance programme. It is through counseling that all other
guidance services are implanted. Counseling is an interpersonal relationship,
or it is face to face interaction between a counselor who is trained and well
informed person is to assist a person or group of persons to understand and
resolve a specified development need and problem.
b.
Information
service: The information service is one of the many services that sub –sume
under guidance but which complement each other. These services include
counseling, placement, appraisal, referral, and follow up, and evaluation
services to mention a few. Information service n guidance and counseling
involves the collection and analysis of valid and usable data pertaining to the
individual’s vocational a social need (Bulus: 1985).
c.
Appraisal
service: appraisal services involve the collection and the analyzing of quantitative
data on qualitative data on the individuals. In doing both test and non- test
technique are used.
d.
Placement
service: by simple definition placement service is the total organized effort
to provide assistance for the individuals preparing to the next step in their
personal, educational and socio- economic development. This could be in term of
whether t o further their education or to get a job. Miller (1986, p 246) see
placement as that part of guidance service which assist student to carry out
their education and vocation plans.
e.
Referral
services: this can simply be explained as a counselor/ teacher will have to
refer some case to appropriate agencies at the right time and place for further
expert knowledge and specialized attention and consultation psychology.
f.
Evaluation
and follow –up service: evaluation and follow up services are very important in
guidance programme. These concepts have been widely used in education
educational and programme. These concepts have been widely used in educational
and administrative etc setting for define reasons.
In
the same vein, Shertzer and Stone (1981) opined that most compelling reason is
to improve the effectiveness of every practitioner and every guidance programme
to contribute to the attainment of purpose. They see evaluation process as
consisting of Sequential and inter
dependents steps by which judgment are reached.
While guidance and
counseling service in schools include the following:
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