INTRODUCTION
Studies
have indicated that most adolescents spend the
largest part of their time watering video and films. They also spend
quite long time in browsing charting and watching films on internet. In same vein
the advent of movies has internationalized the
peculiar cultures of
various societies with mass
production of visual images, videos,
television etc now found in placed which were formerly
not reached by these media, the world has eventually become a global village. The rate of
which films and videos are
produced is flooded with all songs of films in
the words of Ijaduola (19990 “most of the
films are found not to be protecting the
values and norms of our society but they
are too foreign oriented in their cultural
projection”
As
noted by Filan (2000) television has been found to greatly influence the
attitudes, moral, values and behavior of the youths. One common problem of our society
now as observed by Ogunsanya (2002) is the unwanted or teenage pregnancy.
Research finding Warkins 2001, Zacchius 2002) have shown that sexual activities
among the young people have become sporadic. Adolescents are found to be more active sexually and this has been attributed to
the negative influence of mass media most especially the pornographic films
which the young are exposed to. Shobo (2001) contended that despite the
efforts of moderating agencies, many producers are still flooding the market
with all forms of exotic pictures. Most films are videos characters serve as
role models to the adolescents
On
many news stands we now find magazine,
pictures, posters etc on sexually arousing materials. As a result the youths
are exposed to sexual materials before
they are mentally ready for them.
The
law guiding the purchase and viewing of films are not binding as anybody can
obtain and kind of films from video house Wowi (1999) the impact of these films
on the sexual attitudes of the youth is enormous. As observed by Owvamamam
(2005) film and pictures are forms of
instructional materials through which the young ones acquire new attitude
. But
Kupp (2006) posited that the
Negabive effect of mass media exposure
on adolescents including
increase violence and aggressive
behavior increase high risk
behavior such as alcohol and
tobacco use ad accelerated
onset of sexual activity.
It
should be noted, however that the
period of adolescents is characterized by physical rapid cognitive moral and
social emotional changes. Many scholar Steinberg and Gragorenko 2001. Anderson,
2002, Fyermbo, 2004 Bansal
2006 have described this period as a period
of storm and stress Eric Erickson
describes adolescence as a period of
stress identity versus growth confusion
. according to him adolescence period is
divided into two namely:
early indolence (13-15) years
and late adolescence (16-18) darling and Steinberg (2003) awake
2007 opined that adolescence are confronted with many
problem which they try to find
solutions to physical
sensation for instance ends to sexual behavior which responds to biological changes.
Attentions are drawn on general organs. On social part they being to develop amorous relations to opposite sex to
successfully work with youths, case workers and providers of services for adolescents must understand adolescence
development and stay abreast of those things that an adolescents need to learn
and known as they move through adolescence into adulthood Ugbe
(2000) Zobola 2003.
Nevertheless,
school management refers to the sum total of its surrounding as an organization
Bourgress (2002). Practicing and
prospective school mangers deserve to posses an appreciation understanding of
their environment in its entirely. As
opined by Ijaduola (2007b)
many changes have resulted
from the
pressures emanating from the
environmental forces orderly external to the school but imminently intimidating it. The shift
to recognition of these
environmental external and internal
forces is gradual but dramatic seen form this angel, the environmental either nature, social, economic political
or cultural a combination of some or
all of these is an organic
element , expectedly the school grows and develops from the life of the
society environment . The changing society as a result of various means of communication
and information has made adolescents to be more sexually active. This is because adolescent have been fund to be thrilled by sexual discourse and information
specifically, this study will offer first hand information to parents on how adolescents behave towards sex hence
sensitize the parents on how
guide and monitor the films their children are
exposed to. The study will equally
provide teachers with details information and guidance counselors will
via this study have in sights on the sexual
problems faced by the youth
with a view to devising
mean of solving them. Finally, it will enable government to put in place
programmes that will enhance moral life
of the youth.
HYPOTHESES
The following four
will hypotheses were developed and tested in the study
1.
There is no significant difference between sex
attitude of student that watch
films and those who do not.
2.
There is no significant
difference between junior and
senior secondary school students sex attitude
3.
There is no significant difference between rural and urban students sex attitude
4.
There is no significant
difference between Christian and ministry students sex attitude. Descriptive survey
design was used in this study 1,200
secondary school students were
randomly selected form 60 secondary
schools across the 4 geo-political
zones at 20 students per school) the questionnaire for
data collection was administered
to the respondents personally, having been validated and reliability coefficient
established. The sex attitude scale used was developed by Rakesh 1992
and it consisted of 42 items
The four mill hypothesis generated
and tested in the study were analyzed
employing the t-test inferential statistic at
0.05 revel of significance.
RESULT
T-TEST
ANALYSIS OF HYPOTHESIS 1-4
|
Hypothesis
|
Group
|
N
|
X
|
SD
|
DF
|
R-cal
|
FBB
|
Remark
|
|
HO1
|
film watchers non film watchers
|
879
321
|
57.03
24.17
|
8.64
7.58
|
1198
-
|
241
|
1.96
|
S
|
|
HO2
|
JSS students
SS students
|
617
583
|
36.16
32.82
|
5.77
3.94
|
1198
|
0.2.96
|
1.96
|
NS
|
|
HO3
|
Rural student
Urban student
|
598
602
|
50.94
32.11
|
7.82
690
|
1198
|
2.09
|
1.96
|
S
|
|
HO4
|
Christian students
|
409
|
25.88
|
4.68
|
1198
|
0.310
|
1.96
|
NS
|
Muslim Students /791/29.05/601/
The calculated value of (2.41) for
Ho is higher than critical value of 1.96 at 1198 degree
of freedom and (0.05) level of
significance. This implies that flair of film watching significantly impact on student’s
sex attitude. Therefore the null hypothesis, which stated that there is no significant
difference between junior and senior secondary school students sex attitude
is rejected.
However, the analysis of hypothesis 3
indicated f – value of 2.07
which is higher than t-
table 1.96 at 1198
degree of freedom and 0.005
level of significance
This is a clear indication that school location has to do with students sex attitude therefore, there is significant difference between rural
and urban students attitude
as portrayed in hypothesis 4 , the
obtained value of 0.310 is less than the table value of 1.96
at 1198 degree of freedom and
0.05 level of significant. In view of this it could be asserted that religious
affiliation does not exert influence on the sea attitude of students. On this premise
the null hypothesis which stated that there is no significant difference
between Christian and Muslim students sea attitude is rejected
DISCUSSION
It has been established their
sexually education is not taught in the schools selected for this study as a large number of
respondents affirmed. This study has
been also revealed that the general
assumption that both male and female
students in the selected secondary school will
not have the same attitude
and knowledge about sex is true, as more female than male
respondent demonstrated good attitude
and knowledge about sexuality. This revelation affects
to the researches findings of Warkins
(2001) which had earlier established the fact that sexual activities and exploration among the youths
have become sporadic as a result
of the negative influence of mass media
as well as the phonograph films to which the young once are exposes similarly
the manifestation by this study that age does not constitute
hindrance to student had
been buttressed in similar studies by Adebinpe and Akinde (1994)
who contended that youths are exposed to are mentally mature and reading for them. As they argue further, this
ugly development is not
unconnected with the fact that the laws guiding the
purchase and viewing of
films are not binding as anybody
can obtain any kind of films from video
homes
Finally, sex attitude is
natural and health part of living and
that all sexual decision have
effects or consequences that youths also accepted that ignorance of facts about sexuality can
lead to unplanned pregnancy and
allied negative consequences while abstinence is the best protection against
unwanted pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases including
HIV/AID these had been attested
to by Kupp (2006) that the negative consequence of mass media exposure on youth
include increase violence
aggressive behavior, increase high risk behaviour such as alcohol
and tobacco use and accelerated on sep of sexual
activities which is cautioned by Ogunsanya (2002) could
lead to unwanted or teenage pregnancy
CONCLUSION
/IMPLICATION
One many rest this discussion of sex attitude of students on the premise that a
school managers style of leadership must address the situational forces as the school preferred pressure
of time and even environmental factors all of which may affect students
attitudes towards a particular phenomena. There was little or no
concern for the external environment school management practitioners
assumed and some what correctly that things could be done on the same way and
manner they were done before then
and since the presences but an
extension of the past, there was
no need
to act differently. Evenly how, today’s
world is by far very different from the yester years. Many external forces and
pressures with related agenda and manifesters are getting organized powerfully along
recognizable institutional patterns
Adegoke A.A 2003 Adolescent in Africa Ibadan Hadessah
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Burgress A.P (2002) Affects of Three Principle
Styles on School
Improvement Human Communication
Bansal
R. 2006 Motivational Determinant of
problem solving
task in peer presence conditions a summary
of reviews Ibdian journal of psychology and education (4)
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