A RESEARCH
PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
NURSING SCIENCE,
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
AND TECHNOLOGY
IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COUNCIL OF NIGERIA FOR THE AWARD OF A
REGISTERED MIDWIFE CERTIFICATE.
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGES
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background
of Study 1
1.2 Statement
of Problem 4
1.3 Purpose
of the Study 5
1.4 Significance
of the Study 5
1.5 Scope
of Study 6
1.6 Operational
Definition of Terms 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
Review 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 The
Concept of Socio-Economic Status 7
2.3 Nutrition
in Preschool (1-5years) Nutrition 9
2.4 Recommended
Dietary Allowances for the Preschool Child 10
2.5 A
Day’s Menu for the Preschool Child 12
2.6 Influence
of Socio-Economic Status 13
2.7 Malnutrition 16
2.8 Factors
affecting Nutrition 17
2.9 Nutritional
Assessment in the Preschool Children 18
2.10 Empirical
Review of Related Literature 22
2.11 Summary 24
2.12 Theoretical
Framework 25
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research
Methodology 28
3.1 Research
Design 28
3.2 Area
of Study 28
3.3 Population
of the Study 29
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Technique 29
3.5 Instruments
for Data Collection 29
3.6 Validation
of Instrument 30
3.7 Procedure
for Data Collection 30
3.8 Method
of Data Analysis 31
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data
analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Data 32
4.1 Introduction 32
4.2 Demographic
Data 32
4.3 Summary
of Findings 43
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion
and Major Findings 44
5.1 Introduction 44
5.2 Discussion
of Research Findings 44
5.3 Limitation
of Study 47
5.4 Recommendations 47
5.5 Suggestion
for Further Study 48
5.6 Summary 48
5.6 Conclusion 48
References
Appendices
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Recommended
dietary allowance for the preschool child
Table 2 A
sample of one day menu for the preschool child
Table 3 Clinical
assessment of nutritional state
Table 4 Some
anthropometric technique
Table 5 Presentation
of age of the parent used for the study
Table 6 Presentation
of the religion of mothers used
Table 7 Age
distribution of children used for the study
Table8 Presentation of
level of education of parent mothers to children under study.
Table 9 Presentation
of the occupational status of these mothers
Table 10 Presentation
of the mother’s level of income
Table11 Presentation
of the mid upper arm circumference of the children
Table 12 Presentation
of the body mass index of the respondents
Table 13 Presentation of
the socioeconomic status of mothers as it affects the nutritional status of
their children
Table 14 Presentation
of the duration of breastfeeding for children studied
Table 15 Presentation of the
distribution of age at which complementary foods were introduced in the
children studied.
Table 16 Presentation
of the weaning food for the children
Table 17 Presentation of
the frequency of the children’s intake of listed essential nutrients
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Presentation of Maslow’s hierarchy of
human needs
Figure 2: Presentation
of the age of children studied
Figure 3: Presentation
of responses to breastfeeding
ABSTRACT
The joy of having young children is only perfected if
they are able to grow and develop into healthy productive adults. This study
was prepared to determine the influence of mother’s socioeconomic status on
childhood (1-5years) nutrition: A survey of St.
Vincent Hospital,
Ndubia, Ebonyi State. The objectives of the study were
to determine the educational status of the mothers, economic level of mothers,
assess the nutritional status of children and determine childhood nutritional
practices of these mothers that affected childhood nutrition. A descriptive
research design was adopted. Convenience sampling and interview methods were
used for the study. The findings from the study show that majority of mothers
used were of low socio economic status and adopted poor childhood nutritional
practices. Only few (20%) of the mothers had post-secondary education; 44% of
them lived on over N10,000 a month. Also only 28% of the mothers breastfed
their children beyond one year and 54% of them introduced complementary diets
from the age of three months. Based on the above findings, recommendations were
made with the hope that their implementation will enhance the social, economic
and nutritional status of the population studied.
REFERENCES
Barker, Helen, M. and Rachel, L. (2006), Nutritional and dietetics for health
care,
9th Edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Living Stone.
Cameron, M. & Hofvander, Y. (2003), Manual of feeding infants and young
children. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chaudhury (2010), Determinants
of dietary intake and dietary adequacy for
preschool
children in Baryledesh.
Dhaka: Bangledesh Institute of development.
Dare, A.A., Ngaski, G.S. and Fumilola A.I. (2005), Assessment of Nutritional
Status
of under five children in three selected villages from Kaduna State. Nigeria, West African Journal of Nursing
Publication vol. 16.
Eastwood, M. (2000), Principles of Human Nutrition, Gathesburg, Maryland:
Aspen
Publishers Ltd.
Harden M .L. and Lamb M. W. (2000), The
meaning of nutrition. New York:
Pergamon
Press Inc.
Holman, (2006), Essential
of Nutrition for the Health Professional, Philadephia,
J.B.
Lippincott Company.
Jack, L.R., Lionel, S. L., Murrary, A.B. (2007), The effects of race and
socioeconomic
status on family planning,
Journal of Health and social behaviour vol. 8 No. 7 pp.40-45, published by
American Sociological Association.
Kapppuswamy (2003), Manual of socioeconomic status scale: Indian Heart
Journal,
India.
Kent, G. (2004),
Children’s right to adequate nutrition, (UN University press
food
bullet in vol. 15). Tokyo: United Nations University.
Kozier, B.C, Erb, B., Berman, A., Synder, S., (2004), Fundamentals of Nursing
7th
edition. U.S.A. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, USA.
Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2003), Abuja
National Population
Commission.
Nwana O. C (2002) Introduction to Education Research
Ibadan Herneman
Educational
book Nig Ltd. Pg 80-90.
Olayiwola, I. O. & Bandipo, M. S. (2006), Nutrition and children practices –
The
situation in Nigeria West
African Journal of Nursing Publication vol. 17.
Park, K. (2002), Parks
textbook of preventive social medicine, 17th edition.
Jabalphur
India N/s Banarsidas Branot Publishers.
Ricciuti, H. (2003), Nutrition and Mental Development, Psychological Science,
2 pg. 43-46.
Robert, H., Bradley, Robert, F. C., (2002), Socio-economic status and child
development: Annual review of Psychology, vol. 53, Pp. 371-399.
United National Demographic Data (2005), Estimate for the countries and regions of the world, Oxford: Oxford
University Pressure.
Waystaff, A. & Claeson, M. (2004), Millennium Development Goals: Rising to
the Challenges. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Wikipedia.com (2009).
Wikipedia.com (2010). Definition of Socioeconomic status
QUESTIONNAIRE
Department of Nursing Science
Faculty of Health Science and
Technology
Dear Respondents,
This questionnaire is designed to collect information
on the influence of mother’s socioeconomic status on childhood (0-5years)
nutrition: A survey of St. Vincent’s hospital, Ndubia.
You are requested to give frank answers to the
questions below. They are purely for research work and all information will be
held confidentially. You are not needed to put down your name in order to
maintain anonymity.
Tick (√) in the box bearing the right answer(s) below.
(A) Information
on the mothers:
(i) Demographic
Data:
1. What
is your age?
15-19yrs 20-24yrs 25-29yrs
30-45yrs 46yrs and above
2. What
is your religion?
Christianity Muslim African
Traditional Religion
Others
(specify)________________________________
(ii) Educational
Data:
3. What
is your level of education of the mother?
Non Primary Secondary Tertiary
4. Did
you attend any learning school?
(a) Computer School (b) Catering
School
(c) Tailoring (d) Specify___________________________
(iii) Economic
Data:
5. What
is your occupational status?
Self employed Business Civil servant
Petty trading None
6. How
much do you earn in a month?
(a) No source of income (b) N500-N1000
(c) N1000-N10,000 (d) N10,000-N30,000
(e) N30,000 and above
7. Are you married? Yes No Widow
8. If Yes how much does he
earn? (a) No source of income
(b) N500-N1000 (c) N1000-N10,000 (d) N10,000-N30,000
(e) N30,000 and above
9. What is his occupation?
(a) Self employed (b)
Business
(c) Civil Servant (d) Petty
trading (e) None
(B) Information
on the child:
(iv) Demographic
Data:
10. What is the sex? Male Female
11. What is
the age of the child?
1-2yrs 2-4yrs 4-5yrs
Physical
Data:
12. Weight Height
13. Mid
upper arm circumference____________________________
14. Body
mass index______________________________________
(v) Nutritional
Data:
15. Is the baby breast
feeding? Yes No
16. Exclusively? Otherwise
17. How long
was the baby breastfed?
2-3months 3-6months 6-9months
9-12months
18. How
long do you intend to breast feed your baby?___________________
19. On what
food did you wean the baby? Maize pap
Rice and yam moi-moi Agidi
Others
specify___________________________________
20. How
often do you feed the child on the above listed food?____________
21. Do you have any food
taboo? Yes No
22. Was the
colostrums discarded? Yes No
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