TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Meteorological elements
Weather stations
Materials and Apparatus
Methods and procedure
Observation
Result
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
ABSTRACT
The
basic practical study on meteorology was carried out in Ebonyi State
University, meteorological station. The practical was conducted in groups to
enable student retain the knowledge after observing and utilizing all the
instruments found in the meteorological station. The practical session took
place on 22 May 2014 at exactly 12 noon. The instrument consists of the
following; Stevenson screen, Maximum and minimum thermometer, Wet and dry bulb
thermometer, Rain guage consisting of funnel and emergency bucket, and the wind
vane. All of this helps to give accurate observation of the daily atmosphere
condition.
INTRODUCTION
Meteorology as a Science
Meteorology
is defined as a science that study, observe and record all atmospheric
condition which is used for weather forecasting.
These observations are carried out by
professionals working in a meteorological station who work on a daily basis in meteorological
stations. The station could either be on land or on water but provided there is
no alteration from buildings and trees.
During the past century, 18th
century to be precise, the meteorologist has
no major breakthroughs not until the 19th century where there
was orderly and more advanced facilities and equipments or instruments to aid meteorological
or weather analysis.
Presently, we have space launchers,
satellite mask and other forms of instruments put in place to get accurate
weather changes. These instruments are controlled and managed by professionals
known as Meteorologist.
Today, the happenings and changes in the
atmosphere can be studied ranging from temperature, humidity down to rainfall
of a particular area which can be gathered together and put in place. The
application of meteorology can be used in the military, agricultural activities,
construction and mining and weather forecasting.
METEROLOGICAL
STATION
The meteorological station studied during the
cause of the practical are namely;
1. Synoptic weather station
2. Climatologically station
3. Agricultural station
4. Rainfall station
Synoptic weather station
This is a meteorological station where
professional observers who are full time observers work. Their observations are
carried out daily on an hourly basis. The data collected are used for weather
forecast.
Climatologically weather station
The observers are part-time
workers who collect data mainly on weather elements like temperature, rainfall
and others for the purpose of accurate analysis. They record their data twice
daily (9am in the morning and 3pm in the afternoon). This is to ascertain the
early hours atmosphere condition and the late afternoon conditions as well.
Agricultural
weather station
The data’s collected here are done twice per day, i.e
9am and 3pm on a daily basis. These record are carried out by part-time
observers mainly on agricultural purposes.
Rainfall weather station
These are also part-time observers who
collect data based on the daily rainfall of a particular area. The collected
data are done twice daily i.e morning 9am and afternoon 3pm. The data collected
are used to justify the amount of rainfall of that particular area.
METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS
The study of meteorology cannot be
understand without knowing the elements that contributes to weather
composition, which are;
1)
Cloud
2)
Rain
3)
Relative humidity
4)
Wind
MATERIALS AND APPARATUS
The meteorological instruments include
the following and these was found in the meteorological station.
1)
Stevenson screen
2)
Thermometer (
maximum and minimum)
3)
Thermometer (dry
bulb and wet bulb)
4)
Rainguage
5)
Wind vane
METHODS AND PROCRDURE
Rainguage:
This is a meteorological instrument used for the measurement of amount of
rainfall. The rainguage is 0.25m above the ground made of metallic container
that consist of a funnel and a bucket. The top of the rainguage is ring-like or
round in shape which prevents water from splashing into the bucket. The funnel
directs the rain drops into the bucket and this gives us an accurate measure of
total amount of rainfall of the day. The rain guage is mounted in an open space
or area where there is no building or trees to influence the reading. The
rainfall collected is measured using the measuring cylinder and its calibration
is 0-1m different.
Wind vane: This measures the direction of wind. The anemometer
is also a meteorological instrument which measures the speed of the wind. The
wind vane is mounted in an open area, it is a metal long pole with four
cardinal point. The pole has a knob and blade which when there is heavy or wind
approaching detects the direction of the wind. When taking your observation of
the direction of wind, we consider the knob and not the blade.
Maximum thermometer: This is mercury in glass thermometer used to check the
highest temperature reached in a particular day. Its calibration ranges from 0.5oc.
The mercury content in the thermometer expand as the temperature increases. The
old mercury thermometer when in use can be rested using a magnet before taking
your observations but the new mercury thermometer is reseted by swinging the
thermometer after every observation.
Minimum thermometer: This is an
alcohol in glass thermometer. Its calibration is 0.5 deterrence and it takes
the minimum temperature reached in a day.
Dry
bulb thermometer: This records the temperature of a geographical area at that
particular time.