A STUDY OF NWANGELE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA IN IMO
STATE
THE DEPARTMENT
OF SOCIOLOGY/ANTHROPOLOGY
IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC HONS)
DEGREE IN SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page- - - - - - - - - - i
Certification- - - - - - - - -
ii
Dedication- - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement- - - - - - - - iv
Abstract- - - - - - - - - - v
List of Table- - - - - - - - - vi
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER
FOUR
DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 INTRODUCTIONS
This
devoted to presentation date collected from the filed the course of this study
and to test the research hypotheses that were tentatively formulated in chapter
two. The analysis of data shall be based on the returned questionnaires from
the field. The social characteristic of respondents will be given a frequency
table. A description of the table will also follow each table. The numbers of
returned copies of questionnaire from the field. The social characteristic of
respondents will be given a frequency table. A description of the table will
also follow each table. The numbers of returned copies of questionnaires were
210.
Table 1: distribution of respondent by
sex
Source: field work survey, 2011
The data in the table 1 above shows
33.33% of the respondents are men while 66.67% are female.
Table
2:
Distribution of respondents by age.
Source: fieldwork survey,2011
The table ii above reveals the age
distribution of the respondents which indicates that 57.5 percent of the total
respondents fall into the age bracket of 60-25 (35%) on the male side and (25%)
on the female side. Age 70-74 shows 36.25%, age 75-79 indicates 26-25% while
the age bracket 80 years and above indicate 45%
Table
iii:
distribution of respondent by religious affrication
Source: field work survey, 2011
The table iii above shows that 45% of
the respondents were Christians 31.62% were Musllms, 19.17% were traditional
religions people and 4.17% were others (those who do not believe in the
existence of God). The table therefore shows that the bulk of the respondents
are Christianity who so lunch believes in the existence of God and Jesus
Christ.
Table
iv:
distribution of respondent by marital status
Source: field work survey, 2011
Analysis from the above table reveals
that out of: 20 respondents, 5 representing 4.17% are married 23 representing
19.17% are divorced, 54 representing by economic status (occupation)
Table v: distribution of respondents by
economic (occupation)
Source: field work survey, 2011
Table
v:
distribution of respondents by economic (occupation)
Table
v:
shows different distribution of the respondent: It is obvious from the above
table that 18.3% of the respondents are civil servants. Majority of the
respondents representing 45% are into business while 19.17% of them are
farmers.
However, 17.5% of the respondents are
artisans.
Source: field work survey, 2011
Table
vi: distribution
of respondents by educational attainment
Source: field work survey, 2011
From table vi above it was observed that
17.5% of the respondents did not attend school. The total sample others are
primary school 19.17% secondary 45% and tertiary 18.3% respective. This table therefore
shows that holders of secondary school certificate (WAEC) dominates the sampled
population.
Table
vii: Source
of Income of the Respondents.
Source: field work survey, 2011 table
vii above reveals that out of all the 120 respondents 70.83% of them depend
solely on their relatives ie (children brothers and sister for their income,
while 29.17% of the respondents earn their income from their source which may
include petty trading, personal business etc.
Table 4.8: respondents to the situation
of the aced.
Table
vii: Source
of income of the respondents
The figure in the table above show that
8.3% of the respondents assess the situallonof the aged as bad and 29.17% it as
poor. This table therefore shows that the bulk of the respondents assess the
situation of the aged as poor and thus below average.
Table
viii: Response of the
respondents toward heir problems.
Analysis from the above table reveals
that 39.17% of the respondents have vision or eye problems while 30% of the
them had ear problem and 12.5% had general body palns where as 18.33% had other
sicknesses such as fever, headache, heart problems just to mention but a few:
4.1 Test of hypotheses
Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant relationship
between social background and the improvement of the aged and social security
in Nwangele.
H1: There is significant relationship between
social background and the improvement of the age and social security in
Nwangele
Table
ix: relationship between social background and improvement of aged and social security
for test of hypothesis one.
Source
Calculated By the Researcher
Decision: From the above table, we can
deduce that since the x2 calculated as shows in the appendix is less
than x2 table at 0.05, we therefore accept the number hypothesis
(HO) and reject the altercative Hypothesis (Hi) that is 15.1c16g which of
course explain that there is no significant relationship between social back
ground and improvement of aged and social security in Nwangele
HYPOTHESIS
TWO
Ho: There is no significant relationship
between economic situation and
the improvement of the aged and social security.
H1: There
is significant relationship between economic situation and the improvement of the aged and social security.
Table
x: Relationship
between economic situation and the improvement of the aged and socials security
for test of the hypothesis two.
Source
Calculated By the Researcher
Discussion:
From
the above table, we can deduce that following the compilation shown in the
appendix, the x2 is calculated as 13.000 x 25 and this is less that
x2 table which 10.9 ie. 13.00035< 16.5, we therefore accept the
number hypothesis (Ho) and thus reject the alternative hypothesis (H1) which
means that there is no significant relationship but between economic situation and
the improvement of the aged and social security i.e the situation of the
economic situation of the aged is not been effective by the economic situation
with particular reference to study area.
4.2 Discussion of Findings
From
the study conducted, it was observed that 35% of the respondents were males
while 66.67% were females. However a significant number of the male respondents
were involved in business and other means of livelihood. In the same vain, most
of the women in the study also engaged in business to sustain their life. This
trend of course showcases their living standard and as well affords them the
opportunity of not staying idle at home it also gives them satisfaction as it
enables them to exercise themselves on daily basis irrespective of the fact
that some of the respondents source for other means of livelihood as indicated
in the course of carrying out this study, majority of them solely depend on
their relatives such as brothers, sisters and children for their survival. They
are gradually coping and adapting to the socio-economic situation which is the
present trend for a substructure.
Furthermore,
the present status of the nations encouraging has changed the thought towards
the aged. For example many of the elderly trace their bad condition to people
at the national level who uses the resources meant for all and sending for
their own selfish interest. This is manifested in the way the aged are been
treated today in our society. They are no longer respected by the youth. They
are no longer honoured and received as practice traditional days before the
advent of modernization, Europeanization and indoctrination era. They are
rather seen as witches and wizards which has actually jeopardized the prestige
accorded to them during the primordial era.
In
an attempt to improve the lot of the aged, its usual solution in which the
government provides most of their basic needs, is put forward, but this is
highly neglected because the responsibility is for the children and extended
family to take care of their aged parent.
The
situation is so bad that they can’t afford to buy nor purchase the things which
they sell.
Nevertheless,
hypothesis one, tested in this study revealed that there is no significant
relationship between social background and improvement of aged and social
security. But in the real source, there is an association between the two
variables because social background has to do with income level, occupation,
education and status.
Therefore, the
(aged) with good social background will definitely adjust to a given
situation.
Finally, the
result in hypothesis two, stated that there is no significant relationship
between economic situation and improvement of aged and social security. In most
cases, economic structure and improvement of aged are positively related. For
instance, and elderly person with viable economic standing will live an
enviable life and be heard in the society without any element hesitation.
CHAPTER
SUMMARY: SUMMARY
CONCLSTUIN AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY OR FINDINGS
This research has attempted to
determine the extent to which social security has improve the living standard of
the aged with particular reference to the Nwangele people of Imo state, in
order to achieve the purpose of this study, a twenty-six (26) item
questionnaire was administered on a sample of one hundred and twenty (120)
persons of Nwangele North Local Government Area which were tested against the
two hypothesis.
The
questionnaire items were aimed at determing, the extent to which the aged in
Nwangele could be assessed. The data collected through the questionnaire were
duly analyzed using sample percent ages and the hypotheses were tested using
the chi-square method.
The
study reveals the demographic background of respondents, their socio-economic
and religions life etc.
Also
noted is the fact that most of the respondents were Christians and Muslims but
majority of them were women.
The
study revealed that in an attempt to adjust and adopt to the challenging
structure of the society, most of the aged in Nwangele are involved in farming
and other business in order to meet up with their challenges. Thus, their
dependence on their children, relatives is gradually decreasing.
Moreso,
it was observed in the course of carrying out this study that modernization has
brought about the evolution of certain problems which the aged in Nwangele did
not experience prior to contact with the western cultures.
The
problems ranges from coneliness healthcare, poverty, and loss of respect.
In
the essence, the result of the test showed that there is no significant
relationship between social background and improvement of aged and social
security in Nwangele. These failures have some consequential effects the aged
greedy in their social, economic and psychological needs.
5.2 Conclusion
In
conclusion, social security means a programme of protection, and helps
initiated by public legislator, imperatively, it is thus a welfare programmed
for the improvement of the aged in every human society, although it differs in
coverage, emphasis and even in implementation.
Furthermore,
the research to state that this study would have one way or the other contributed
to the understanding of the right of the aged. It would open our eyes a bit to
other areas. But since this study is limited to a local government, Nwangele
local government areas in Imo State, the findings and the recommendations can
be used in other areas, effort should therefore be made by social scientist to
further study on the factors affecting the improvement of the aged and social
security of the aged in their areas so as to improve the societies awareness
and the knowledge of gerontology in Nigeria.
Apart
from this, other studies include social life of the aged in this new millennium
ways of improving the aged and social security. This would be understood where
policies should be defected. First and foremost, is the present value and
important attributed to the older section of the society and must obvious
implication of this is the cost of our culture and treatisation.
The
present young generation instead of sitting with their grand parent to listen
to folk fales and stones of our heroes they rather prefer to watch tale-vision,
video film, vcd playing, ludo game, read novels and others, they do not even want
to travel to the village to visit them old grand parents because they feet it
would be boring or they will be bewitched. This has made our culture so boring,
no excitement in tradition and the cost of pride and dignity in our culture.
The
research therefore conclude that in an attempt to correct this
inappropriateness, there should be a meaningful re-orientation and re-defining of
our role to the aged. We should discard and new ways of dealings with the aged
and go back to the older pattern.
Moreso,
the young generation do not bother to seek advice from people and supposedly semile
member of the society, but this research find out that instead of being semile,
the old were extremely wise and intelligent, hence it is worth while if the
government can provide seats in the parliament for some representative of other
section of this society. They should realize that no amount of learning can
take the place of wisdom gain through experience.
5.3 Recommendations
This
research would be meaningless and in fact wasteful if recommendations are not made.
For result oriented recommendations, the research shall base her suggestions on
her findings. Therefore, I wish to make the following recommendations.
That
the government should please establish or create a forum, probably state by
state, where the needs of the elderly ones could be catered for with adequate and
sound physical and mental health care.
This
should be well organized with responsible people placed in changed.
Moreso,
the government there are a lot of old people out there, who if given the chance
will be extremely productitive, although about sixty and that way the
government and the individual will benefit. There is some aged (mostly men) who
a re still physically and mentally alert enough to continue their jobs, this
people will feel great resentment in the fact that they are retired.
This
present a need for the government to involve pre-retirement education, and
re-orientation programme so that those that will retire will be probably
prepare for it.
Presently,
with the state of economy, there is need for the government to review the
pension scheme. The present pension paid is not enough for the old to survive
on and in most cases, these people have to give up in banks for hours and at
the and they might not get their money for weeks or another’s the government can
also help the aged in improving their lot though the provision of instrument
form medical care for the aged of all categories (both the formal and informal
section) provision of counseling activities of primary and secondary schools
and also in tertiary institutions of height learning, subjects and courses that
would promote interception and respect for old people (Oyeney, 19 viewing the
position of the elderly in terms of their experiences in society, there should
also be provision of adequate, and accessible be recreational facilities for
the elders.
This
will enhance and promote interaction and co-operation between the elderly and
also between the younger generation and aged. And this will greatly promote our
culture and traditional heritage.
Finally
the governmental bodies should conduct more research on gerontology since the
aged are on important category of our economy. Thus, more awareness by the
society should be created for their needs and problems.
However,
since this provision is not avoidable, the young people should take care of the
elderly because we will definitely be old one day. It is my sincere belief that
if these recommendations should be adhered to, the problems and needs of the
aged could be commiserated if not totally discarded in society.
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