3.1 LOCATIONS
AND SITE OF THE EXPERIMENT
The study area of Ekoli Edda, Ebonyi
State is located at latitude (060, 4N) and Longitude (080,
65E) in South East of the high rainfall zone of Nigeria, the mean annual
rainfall is about 1700mm-2000mm spread within March-December (Ekpe, 2008) the
bedrock geology is shale residium. The soil is shallow with unconsolidated
parent material within one meter (1M) of the soil surface classified as Dystric
Leptisol (Anikwe et al, 1999).
The mean annual minimum and maximum air temperature are 270c and 310c respectively, with an average relative humidity range of 35-60% from the dry season to the rainy season respectively. The climatic Zone is high rainfall dominated by trees and shrubs.
The mean annual minimum and maximum air temperature are 270c and 310c respectively, with an average relative humidity range of 35-60% from the dry season to the rainy season respectively. The climatic Zone is high rainfall dominated by trees and shrubs.
Water sample were colleted with a one
litter plastic gallon form the stream at Achi Ogba, Olo-Ekoli, Iminika and IyiAnyaoji
in Ekoli Edda, Ebonyi State Nigeria.
The samples were collected in June,
I collected the samples using grab method.
3.3 LABORATORY
ANALYSIS
The samples were processed and
analyzed using standard analytical methods.
i. Total
Nitrogen (N2) was determined using the macro KJedahi method described
by Bremner (1965).
ii. Available
phosphorus was determined using the bray 2 method as described by page et al., (1982).
iii. Exchangeable
aluminum AL3+ and Hydrogen H+ was determined using the
method described by IITA (1979).
iv. Exchangeable
base (Na+ and K+) were determined using Golenkamp flame
analyzer method. Calcium (Ca) was determined using IITA(1979) by pipetting
method. Magnesium (Mg) was determined using the method described by IITA (1979).
v. Organic
carbon /Organic matter were determined using the method described by IITA
(1979).
vi. Hardness
(Ca +Mg) was determined using the method described by IITA (1979)
vii. Electrical
Conductivity was measured with a conductivity meter according to Rhoades (1982)
viii. Sodium
Absorption Ratio (SAR) was determined by calculation using the formula shown
below:
Where:
Na+ = Total Sodium
Ca2+ = Total
Calciums
Mg2+ = Total Magnesium
Adjusted
Sodium Absorption ratio Ad; SAR was determined by calculation, using this
formula below:
Where: Na+ = Total Sodium
Ca2+ + =
Total Calcium
Mg = Total Magnesium
PHC
(PKi2 – Pkic) + P(Hco-3)
+ Ca2+ + Mg2+)
(Pki2-PKic)=
Conc of Ca2+ + Na+ (Mg/L
P(Hco3)
= Conc of Co2-3 + HCo-3
P(Ca2+
+ Mg2+) – Conc of Ca2+ Mg2+
ix. Analysis of Heavy Metal (Pb, Cr, Cobalt)
x. Analysis of Trace element (Iron,
Chlorine, Boron, Zinc)
xi. Temperature
Measurement using thermometer immediately the sample is collected.
3.4 STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
The experiment involves the
determination of the water source for irrigation purpose, the data obtained was
analyzed using means, percentages and FLSD according to Stell and Torie, 1982,
this was done to establish if any of the water sources was statistically
different from the others.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The result of the water analysis for electrical
conducting (EC) Sodium absorption ratio (SAR,) Residual sodium carbonate (RSC)
for stream water in Eloki Edda is presented in tables 1.
Source
water in Eloki Contains (1.76,1.21,1.42 and
1.10 me/l of EC in Achiogba, Oloekoh, Iminika and iyianyaoji
respectively.
The values are low compared to the standard
used for Irrigation (9-15me/l). The high value of soluble salts e.g. calcium
and magnesium in this water source shows that the system will contribution
large amount of salts (Cation) for whatever the crop that will be planted the
value of the water collected at Iminika is suitable for irrigation (9 me/l).
There are 0.31,0.33, 0.48,0.59 me/l
values of SAR In Achiogba, Oloekoli, Iminika and Iyianyaoji respectively the
values are accepted for irrigation (<3) Ayer et al 1985.
The value of RSC were 18.0,16.1 ,18.1
and 21.0 me/l in Achiogba, Oloikoli, Iminika and Iyanyaoji respectively. The
values are high compared to the standard for irrigation which is (<1.25
meg/l).
Also the
mean sodium (Na) content in the surface water was 112.0,101.2 ,147.5 and 154.2
at Achiagba, Oloekoli, Iminika and Iyiangaoji respectively. These are within
the standard for irrigation which is (<4 mg/l)