CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Individuals and the society have
seem education as the key to success in life. In all human societies, past and
present, education has been instrumental to impacting positively to the
survival of individuals and the society. The capacity of development in any
country can be measured through a properly planned and well directed education.
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Thus, Education is a behavioral characteristic. It impacts skills, attitudes, belief, ability to reason, knowledge and any other form which enable one to adjust and interact effectively with other individuals. Through the acquisition of skills, it enable an individual and the group to proceed into the actualization of the individuals destiny.
Indeed, Instructional materials
provides concepts and attitudes to the student which improved his skills,
ability to reason and makes him/her informed about what is going on in the
global village. Education has helped to bring the entire world into an entity
through the information and knowledge education has helped us to achieve.
Education has helped to reduce the
problem of language barrier. Through instructions and teaching by your teacher, Individual has acquired
different languages outside the traditional language. This has led the
individual to associate properly with people from different countries. It has
helped one to adjust from his traditional behaviour to a more modest behaviour
that makes the individual to be accommodated any part of the world he visits.
Education has been a means to an end. That a country is developed is as a
result of instructional aid created by education. It serves as a catalyst to
governmental principles, policies and laws. With the acquisition of knowledge,
and the society structured their means of livelihood.
Instructional material is an aid to
teaching and learning. It helps to raise learning from verbalization to practical
aspect of teaching and learning. Instructional materials makes teaching and
learning interesting, easy and amusing. It makes learning more effective
(Clark, 1997).
In another development, the use of
instructional materials makes different continents to shape their rules and
regulations, to accommodate the other. This they do by providing them with the
socio-cultural and political differences and how to adjust the traditional
socio-cultural and political ways and accommodate another. An instructional material
makes students understand more easily when the teacher makes use of working
model. It makes the teachers task easier and more effective. Olardi (1990) has
highlighted the impact of instructional materials that teachers use to improve
the students from understanding and perception of the subject as an enhanced
aids. It brings clarity and creates recognition that allow them to have a
realistic hand and a total knowledge of the subject. It enhanced learning,
improve the competence of learners and makes learning more meaningful to
students.
In Onicha Local Government Area,
teaching and learning through the use of instructional materials facilitates,
stimulates and aids students to take active interest in any topic introduced by
the teaching. In structural materials has emotional impact on the students of
Onicha Local Government Area and affects their attitude towards what is
presented as the topic to study by the teacher. It provides both the teacher
and students with relevance and meaningful source of information.
Kay (2008), Instructional materials
stimulate the students desire to learn. It assist learning process by making
assimilation and memorization of materials easy. Also, it helps to hold attention, include
greater acquisition and, as well as objectives which may be in accessible to
many students.
Finally, an instructional material
makes learning available to a wider audience, control the pace of learning, promote
better understanding and help to overcome physical difficulties in presenting
the subject content.
Statement of the Problem
The use of instructional materials
has lots of general benefits that guides a greater impact in teaching and
learning process. The teachers level of resourcefulness, creativity, and
imagination is credited to the achievement of quality education. These are
expressed in how well the teacher is able to perceive, create and use the
relevant information that can enhance and promote effective teaching and
learning activities.
In Ebonyi State, there is a fair use
of instructional materials which makes teaching and learning activities mere
theoretical, abstract and ineffective. The issue of whether instructional
materials provides the necessary knowledge is widely recognized in the central
role the assimilation and retention of information it makes available to a
wider audience.
Instructional materials is a major
determining variables that control the pace of learning. It has to do with the
creation of an environment in which students can develop their full potentials
and lead productive lives in accordance with the demands of their interest and
needs either as individuals or as group within the society.
The Nigerian government, at all
levels has over the years placed enormous emphasis on instructional materials
in shaping efforts and strategies aimed at improving students standard of
learning in the country but both theoretical and empirical literature failed to
captive the real factors as to why the standard of education in the country
still remain very low.
Okereke (2009) observes that many
schools in the state cannot boast of instructional materials. He contends that
every government should contend with the issue of making education her priority
to help improve our standard of learning by providing the required
instructional materials to schools.
Obasi (2010) holds the view that
government should provide funds to principals who monitors the teaching staff
to help principal provide the instructional materials needed by their students
at all time.
To get to the core of this inquiry,
there are central questions which must serve as guides in determining the
direction and focus of our research. With this in view, the study is aimed at
addressing the following questions;
1. How
does the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning influence
cognitive performance of secondary school students?
2. How
does the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning influence
effective performance of secondary school students?
3. How
does the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning influence
psychomotor performance of secondary school students?
4. How
does the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning influence
teachers classroom performance?
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Purpose of
the study
Generally, the purpose of this study is to Examine the
impact of instructional materials in teaching secondary school students in
Onicha LGA of Ebonyi state specifically, this study tries to find out the
following :
1.
Impact of instructional materials on students cognitive performance in schools.
2.
Impact of instructional materials on students affective performance in schools.
3. Impact
of instructional materials on students psychomotor performance in schools.
4. Impact
of instructional materials on the teacher’s classroom performance.
Significance of the Study
This study will have much
significance on the following people.
First and foremost, the findings of
the study will be of much significance to students, researchers and teachers in
secondary schools. This is so because the report of the study will serve as a
good reference document to this group of learners when conducting a research on
the impact of instructional materials on teaching.
Again, the study has much
significance on the government in Nigeria. This is so because, it will serve as
a source of information to the government that the non-provision of
instructional materials to teaching provides basis for the falling standard of
learning in the country.
Furthermore, the study will be
significant to parents, this is so because when conducting parents-teachers
meeting, such an issue might be raised
and this will serve as a good reference document in providing solutions.
Scope of the study
The study focused on the impact of instructional
materials in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Onicha Local
Government Area of Ebonyi state.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The
following recommendations were made with the view of use of instructional and
it’s impact in teaching and learning.
1. Instructional
materials should be used by teachers
during teaching process
2. Teachers should be resourceful so as to
improve when
not available.
3. Instructional material should be used
properly in
relation to the topic teaching.
4. Supervision
should be carried out on the teachers performance on the less of these material
in classrooms.
CONCLUSION
The main aim of this research was to
find out the impact of instructional materials in teaching secondary school
student in Onicha local Government Area of Ebonyi state.
The result gathered so far from the
areas and groups involved made the
researcher to conclude that more effort should be made towards provision of
instructional material and proper use of it so that students and teachers will
gain more in teaching learning process.
In appropriate use of instructional materials has many effect on
teachers and students such as
misunderstanding, confusion and in achievement of specified objective but
proper use of it leads to students understanding, interest in learning process
recognition of facts, teaching enhancement and achievement of instructional
objective and educational objective in general.
The study reveals that use of instructional materials
in teaching and learning has great influence on both students and teachers
learning and classroom performance with it’s proper provision for the
achievement of education objectives.
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APPENDIX II
QUESTIONNAIRE
FOR RESPONDENTS ON IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ONICHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE.
PART 1
PERSONAL
DATA OF RESPONDENTS
1 Name of the school………..
2 Sex: Male ( ) Female ( )
3 Marital Status single ( ) Married ( ) Divorced ( )
4 Reglion: Christian ( ) Muslim ( )
5 Educational
Qualification: OND ( ) HND ( )BSC(
) B .Ed ( ) others (please specify)………………..
6 How
long have you taught in secondary school? Below 5 years ( ) above 5 years ( )
PART
II
Please
tick (P) in the column that describes your opinion on the
statement below
SA
= Strongly
Agree
A = Agree
D = Disagree
SD
= Strongly
Disagree
SECTION A
RESEARCH
QUESTION 7
How does the use of instructional
materials in teaching and learning influence cognitive performance of the
secondary school students?
S/N
|
ITEMS
|
SA
|
A
|
AS
|
D
|
1
|
Instructional
materials help in recalling and recognition of information by the
students
|
||||
2
|
Instructional
materials develop the intellectual abilities of learners
|
||||
3
|
Instructional
materials help learners to comprehend easily and be able to define and
identify
|
||||
4
|
Students
remember more the lesson taught them using instructional materials than those
without instructional materials
|
||||
5
|
It
helps students In thinking knowing and solving problems.
|
SECTION
B
Research Question 2
How does the use of instructional
materials in teaching and learning influence students’ affective performance. - BUY THIS WORK & GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
RESEARCH Question 3
RESEARCH Question 3
How does the use of instructional
materials in teaching and learning influence student’s psychomotor performance?
S/N
|
ITEMS
|
SA
|
A
|
SD
|
D
|
11
|
Instructional
materials help students to develop physical abilities
|
||||
12
|
It
makes students to feel they have the skill and knowledge to use technology.
|
||||
13
|
Instructional
materials in this level help students to draw, demonstrate and group items of
different shapes and colours.
|
||||
14
|
Instructional
materials help students to use their senses by associating them with certain
conditions, situation or phenomena.
|
||||
15
|
Students
can visualize and compare things by physical testing, smelling, seeing and
touching with the use of instructional materials.
|
SECTION D
RESEARCH QUESTION 4
How does the use of instructional
materials in teaching and learning influence classroom performance. - BUY THIS WORK & GET THE TABLES
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APPENDIX III
NAMES OF
GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ONICHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT
1. Community Secondary school Egunkwo
Onicha.
2. Holy Ghost Secondary School Ugwuelu
Onicha.
3. Boys Secondary Technical College
Onicha.
4. Girls Secondary Umudomi Onicha.
5. Amas Secondary School Onicha.
6. Eziga Progressive Secondary School
Onicha.
7. Onicha Secondary Technical School (Osha
Techs).
8. Igbeze Onicha Secondary School.
9. Girls Secondary School Amautu Onicha.
10. Government Technical College Onicha.
11. Anike Community Secondary School Onicha.
12. Amanato Onicha Secondary School.
13. Standard International Secondary School
Onicha.
14. Urban Secondary School Onicha.
15. Evangel secondary School Onicha.
16. Ikoyi Secondary School Isiana
Onicha.