STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK
SCHEME
(SIWES)
A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENTS
INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE
SCHEME
DONE AT
FEDERAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY (FCDA), AREA 11 GARKI ABUJA
PRESENTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
GEOPHYSICS,
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCINCES,
COURSE CODE: GEX 398
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of content
Abstract
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 The emergence of
SIWES in brief
1.2 Aims and Objectives
of SIWES
Chapter Two
Geology of Abuja in
Brief
Relief
2.2 Climate
2.3 Soils and vegetation
Chapter Three
Description of job test
for index properties of soil (quality control)
3.2 plastic limit (PL)
3.4 compaction/ proton
test
3.5 C. B. R (California
Bearing Ratio) Test
3.6 Sieve Analysis
Chapter Four
Instruments used
Atterberg Limit
4.1 Sieve Pans/ Mesh
4.3 Electronic weighing
scale
4.4 Compaction
Mould/Rammer
4.5 C. B. R.
Machine
Chapter Five
Conclusion
Summary
Recommendations
References
ABSTRACT
This is a detailed report of the Students
Industrial Work Experience Scheme acquired during the six months industrial
training at the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) located at Area 11
Garki, Abuja. Attachment was in Geologic unit under engineering department I
was posted to the geotechnical laboratory where I was exposed to some soil test
like atterberg limit test. The atterberg limit test is determined by plastic
limit and liquid limit test.Soil is goten from the field and sieved into a pan
and certain amount of water is poured into the into the material and mix.the
material is stored for 24 hours. After then removed and remixed and for about 5
minutes. The sample is placed on the cassagrada and a spatula is used to
smoothen the surface and a groove is used to create a marginal demarcation,
after which 25 blows of hit is given to the material. The material is measured
as wet sample and stored in an ovum and collected and measure again as dry
sample. For plastic limit the same procedures is repeated, after mixing, the
sample is rolled to 3mm and placed on a measuring can and measure on a weighing
balance as wet sample. Then placed on an ovum and also measure again as dry
sample. The aim of this test is to determine the plasticity and liquidity,
which is used in classification of fines.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Engineering geology is a
branch of geology that deals with the geologic factors which affects and
influences the location, design construction and maintenance of engineering
work.
On the other hand
engineering geology is intimately associated with soil mechanics, hydrogeology
and rock mechanics of which the study of the behavior of soil at various
critical levels it is related to.
The students industrial
work experience scheme (SIWES) is the acceptable skills training program which
forms part of the approved minimum academic standard in various programs for
all the Nigerian Universities. It is an effort to bridge the gap existing
between theory and practice of geology (Engineering geology), technology,
agriculture and other professional educational programs in the Nigeria tertiary
institution. It is aimed at exposing the students to machines and equipments,
professional work methods and ways of safe guarding the work areas and other
organization.
The scheme is a tripartite programme, involving the students, the
universities and the industry (employers of labour). It is funded by the
Federal Government of Nigeria and jointly co-ordinated by the industrial
training fund (ITF) and the National Universities Commission.
1.1 THE
EMERGENCE OF SIWES IN BRIEF
The
1988 biennial SIWES/ITF National conferences held in Jos, mandated all
collaborating Agencies (NUC, NBTE and NCCE) to draw up job specification for
all degree programmes included in the students industrial work experience
scheme (SIWES). The job specification would guide the industrialist and
institutional supervisor in the placement of the student that they would meet
the expected requirement of minimum industrial experiences preparatory to
employment.
The National Universities
Commission recognizing the importance of job specification in SIWES did not set
the necessary machinery in motion soon after the resolution was taken in 1988.
However, from 1989-1993, the drawing up of the minimum academic standards
document (a major statutory function of the commission), the resultant
accreditation exercise and the movement of the commission secretariat to Abuja
did not leave sufficient time to actualize this goal.
It was not until January 1996, at
a three day national workshop in Jos, that job specification were drawn for all
the programmes that had industrial attachment component in their minimum
academic standard documents.
Participants were drawn from senior academic from the universities across
the country, SIWES coordinators, officers of the I.T.F headquarters and NUC
academic planning officers. In all nine panels, each headed by a senior
academic were constituted for all the forty six programmes. The panel drew up
the job specifications in a two day meeting. Prior to drawing up the job specification,
however a one-day meeting was held at which five invited papers were presented
and the procedure content and format for presentation of the job specification
documents were decided.
The draft of the industries and all professional bodies involved in the
running of the scheme for their comment and input. The comments were considered
and the relevant ones absorbed into the final job specifications for each
programmes organized into the following four parts: introduction, objectives,
philosophy, job schedule and appendices was then bound into a market.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
OF SIWES
Specially, the objectives
of the student industrial work experience scheme are to:
·
Provide an avenue for students in the Nigerian
Universities to acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of
study.
·
Prepare students for the work situation they are likely
to meet after graduation.
·
Expose students to work methods and technology in
handling equipments and machinery that may be available in the Universities.
·
Make the transition from the university to the world of
work easier and thus enhance students contact for later job placement.
·
Provide students with an opportunity to apply their
theoretical knowledge in real work situation, thereby bridging the gap between
university work and actual practice.
·
Enlist and strengthen employer involvement in the entire
educational process of preparing university graduate for employment industry.
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CHAPTER FOUR
INSTRUMENTS USED
·
Atterberg Limit
Cassagranda and groove
Named after the French inventor
``CASSAGRANDE`` these device is used in the liquid limit test, it’s equipped
with a side handle and a meter by the handles side used to read the number of
blows carried out and also present is a reset button to tune the meter back to
0.0.0, also present in the cassagranda is the mould where the sample would be
placed and also the groove which is used to create demarcation in-between the
sample so as to detect if the material has passed the required test after the
blow is hit. This material is to be handled carefully so as to avoid any
disruption in terms of missing the required blow and also detecting when the
limit is reached.
Glassboard/Spatula
The
glass board is rectangular shaped and a very delicate material which should be
handled very carefully cause of it’s make up. The glass board is used as a
mixing board where the sieved sample are poured onto and then water is added
and the spatula used to mix the sample until it is well damped and moisturized.
It is mostly used in the liquid, plastic and shrinkage test. Immediate washing
of the glass board is required after test. The spatula aside from being used in
mixing of sample is also used in the smoothing of the surface of the compaction
mould.
Water Bottle
This is a water retaining
container that helps in the addition of water during the material mixing.
4.1 Sieve pans/Mesh
These pans
are usually arranged in its order of increasing pore space from bottom to the
top and they are mostly used in the sieve analysis of dry samples and also
sieve pan No.75 and 2.36 are used to wash soil sample which would then be dried
in the oven and later analysed. Also the sieve pan ¾ is also used in the
sieving of samples for the liquid, plastic and shrinkage test.
Mechanical shaker
4.3 Electronic Weighing Scale
This is an
electronic device used to determine the weight of samples and also used to get a certain measure of
samples weight to be used for each test. It is used in the determination of the
sample weight of moisture can in the liquid, plastic and shrinkage limit test.
It is also used to get the weight of compaction mould along with the material
and also the determination of the weight of material for the compaction test.
4.4 Compaction Mould/Rammer
The compaction mould is partitioned into two,
having two handles to hold up the mould and then the Rammer which weighs 4.5kg
is used to hit the required amount of blows for testing the material. The
compaction mould is smoothen with a spatula after the blows are hit on the
material (soil).
Other instrument used
includes:
·
The oven
·
Moisture cans/tare
·
Brushes
·
Scoop
·
Sample bag
4.5 C.B.R Machine
The
C.B.R machine is a set up in a form that it is made up of a stand with steel
penetration plunger and also having 2 dial gauges measuring penetration and
also possessing an adjustable screw lever for raising the plunger up and down
to fit the compaction mould and then the machine is powered on to start the
process.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
CONCLUSION
The student industrial
work experience scheme has succeeded at achieving its aim and objective. The
programme exposed me on the job experience what the future of an engineering
geologist looks like in terms of job opportunities. I was also made to realize
the challenges ahead as an engineering geologist, thereby opening my mind to
what the labour market looks like.
SUMMARY
The entire write up helps
to briefly tell about the historical background of the organization aims and
objectives of the exercise, the activities and experience/exposure gained
throughout the industrial attachment.
RECOMMENDATION
Here are some
recommendations I would like to suggest after engaging in the industrial
training:
·
I would recommend that the industrial training fund equip
more site co-ordinators in the various field of attachment.
·
Also more time should be invested in supervising and
monitoring students in their places of attachment.
·
The industrial training fund should be able to work in
union with the various organization of attachment (employers) to help the
students to secure job opportunities in such organizations upon graduation so
as to reduce the high rate of student’s unemployment in Nigeria.
·
Finally I would also recommend to the industrial training
fund that they set up more training centers for easy access to quality
training, skills acquisition and knowledge building centers across the country.
REFERENCES
Ajay K. Duggal and Vijay P. Puri (1991),
Laboratory Manual in Highway Engineering.
ASTM Standard D698 (2007). Standard Test Methods
for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil using Standard Effort, ASTM International, West Conshohocken P.A.
ASTM Standard D155 (2009), Standard Test Method
for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil using Modified Effort, ASTM International West Conshohocken P.A.
Cement and Concrete Association of Australia,
Basic guide to Concrete Construction
(1975).
Das, B.M. (2006). Principles of Geotechnical
Engineering Standard, C.T. Thompson
Learning College.
Day, Robert
W. (2001). Soil Testing Manual: Producer Classification Data and Sampling Practices, New York: Mcgraw Hill Inc
PP-293- 312.
HIS, Industry Standard Regulation (2010).
KOGBE S.A et al (1978) Geology of Nigeria.
Seed, H.B (1967) Fundamental Aspects of the Atterberg
Limits “Journal of soil Mechanics and
Foundations. Dir. 92 (SM4)”. Soil , Physical Properties
Mechanics
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