Data: Data are ideas, facts, etc. that
relate to certain events, tasks, or person. Data are thus the raw and unorganized
facts, ideas and items which may be
represented as letters, numbers /figures
or symbols/ signs.
Data types (codes/representation)
Data
may be grouped into:
Numeric
data
Alphabetic
data
Alphanumeric
data
Graphic
data, sonic data, etc
Numeric
data: facts expressed in numbers
eeg 1,2,3,4…243,574…
Alphabetic
data: this data type contains only the
letters of the alphabet eg, A,b,c,D, John, Ada, going to school, etc.
Alphanumeric
data: this type of data can contain letters, numbers and symbols/signs
For example
1. Ax 419. RBC
(vehicle Reg. No)
2. another example is the addressed of people , eg no
9 annang street, Box 999, enugu
3. data: 25th
December, 2004
graphic
data: this type of data include pictures
diagrams and the likes
character:
character is the general term used of a letter, sign or symbol, number /figure
etc. as may be seen on keyboards new
or as used in writing and printing
data
collection 9gathering of data)
SORUCES
OF DATA: THE SOURCES OF data include: interview questionnaire,
observation, historical background/
record inspection.
Interview: this is meting with somebody for discussion or conference. This is the case
where the interviewer gathers facts about an item, activity or person. The interviewee and interviewer are
expected to cooperate to ensure reliable
data. The interview technique of data collection is good when few people are need
Process
n:
(i)
Connected
series of actions or changes, carried
out or which takes place in order to obtain an expected result.
(ii)
Manipulation of
data or working on something
Process
v: To carry out such actions, to manipulate
Information n: the result we get after processing data (n=noun; V =
Verb)
2
+ 4 = 6 2 + 4 is data
6
is information
Input: anything that goes into the computer for
processing (data/instructions)
Output: This is the result of the processed data
(information)
Machine: A machine is a device which helps make our work
easier and most often faster. Anything manufactured to help in performing tasks
meant for the human being. It may be mechanical, electrical, electromechanical
or electronic.