ABSTRACT
Information
and data
has become the basis of knowledge of every group of mankind throughout the world, as every community existence depends on information
and data usage : in view of this scientific development, which is also an
attribute of knowledge, cold not be totally divorced from
Nigeria, which had either, enhance socio –economic and scientific development or incubits
the interaction of Nigerian values
in scientific development.
This
study highlights the conceptual
framework of information and data usage
with regards to
Nigerians science policy and their influences on
development
DATA
AND INFORMATION
It
is inappropriate for systems specialists
to use the term ‘data” and “information” interchangeably. Data
can be defined as groups of non-random symbols (words, values, figures)whcih represent
things that have happened. Data are
made up of character which may be
alphabetic, numeric or of special character.
For processing purposes, data are derived from both external and internal sources which are organized
into structures and groups, files and data base.
Information
is data that have been processed a form which
is meaningful to the
recipient ad which is of real or perceived value in current or prospective decisions and actions(odiari
amby 1997).
USA
GF of information and data
In
the last century, all countries went through
fantastically swift environmental
changes, brought about by a member fo concurrent world wide
revolutions in economic and political
affairs, in demographic and social
structures, and in science and technology.
Information
and data among other technologies
seems to have transformed considerably many facts of human life than any other scientific
discoveries
In
Nigeria information and data has
transformed the business, communication
and information sector even government transactions. Educational system cannot
afford to be unconcerned towards information and data. Although, the systems
have also grown and changed more rapidly than ever before, they have adapted
all too slowly in relation to the faster peace around tham (coombs 1965).
Research has shown that the appropriate use of information and data in htre
teaching and learning can catalyze the paradigmatic shift in both content and
pedagogy of education reform in the 21st century (Brandford, 1999).
Igboka,
(1998) stated that, Nigeria, like many other countries had adopted the use of
information and data to co-ordinate and select science and technology
objectives consistent with national development and strategies.
Also,
the world Bank in 1995 as acted by UNESCO (2000), say that if African countries
Nigerian inclusive cannot take advantage of the information and data revolution
and surf this great wave of technological change, they may be crushed by it. In
that case they are likely stagnant than they are today. Use of information and
data in Nigeria with regard to videos, television and multimedia computer soft
wares that combine text, sound and moving images exoposes students to
understand faster the abstract native of most contents. Networked computers
with internet connectivity as product of information and data increase learners
motivation real people.
Information
and data is very important in human resources administration. This is
streamlined to the fact that peoplen must be recruited selected, place,
appraised and compensated in an organization. The above will be chieved in the
use of data and information. Expert Estimate, Historical Comparison, Task
analysis, correlation and modeling which are the integral parts of human
resources Alanning in made3 available through the use of information and data.
Odiari
(1997) outlined the advantages of the establishment of data and information
manual in a company as:
·
The
rules by which the installation is governed are set down, understood and
followed be everyone in the department.
·
Common
methods are used for applications and work in the department.
·
The
standard represent the procedures necessary to obtain the maximum benefit in
the minimum time.
Furthermore,
Data base Administration is not left out this context. Information and data is
used manage and control to preserve its integrity, maintusage or change.
Therefore, Data base has the following advantage, information supplied to
managers is more valuable because it is based on a comprehensive collection of
“data” instead of files which contain only the data needed for one application;
there is a great deal of programming time is saved because the data base
management system handles the construction and processing of files and the
retrieval of data.
Decision
making in research has been characterized by the data or information gathered
by the researcher. This data has helped to improve the developmental progresses
made in the research industries in Nigeria.
In
Nigeria, a magnetic tape encoder consists of a keyboard in which data from a
source document is keyed on to the tape rech purposes. Data capturing machine
had been used in 2007 general election to eschew electoral malpractices which
is a product of information and data processing in Nigeria.
Information
and data provided to the data base has been used in various banks to maintain
standard banking and other related services the banks rendered to maintained.
finally, In Business data processing, all necessary transaction of a business are processed and the required outputs of statements and reports are prepared. This type of data processing is characterize by the processing of many files which are repeatedly, requiring few calculations and many output reports.
finally, In Business data processing, all necessary transaction of a business are processed and the required outputs of statements and reports are prepared. This type of data processing is characterize by the processing of many files which are repeatedly, requiring few calculations and many output reports.
Scientific
data processing consists mainly of solving mathematical problems such as
engineering formular, research and development problems or any type of
calculations that normally required a one time solution.
All
the data processing that is done today could be done by human beings though not
very quickly nor very accurately. In view of the complexities of our
organizations today, decisions have to be made so often and so quickly hence we
cannot afford to spend time processing data by hand. Automated data processing
systems therefore become inevitable. Despite the need for automated data
processing, it must be stressed at this point that no data processing can take
place unless an individual or a group of individuals, want it done and designs
a way to do it.
Strategies
for the full ultilization of information and data processing in Nigerian
The
following strategies if implemented will endureful utilization of information
and data processing in Nigeria;
·
The
provision of Electronic Libtraries.
This will be
made possible by the use of radios, videos, diskettes and CD rums in Libraries
where resource materials could be accessed.
·
The
setting up of Teacher-Learner Education Network for sharing ideas.
·
Building
up database in partnership with groups such as the Africa Live Database at
World Bank and UNESCO.
·
Development
of proper mechanism or projects which encourages the use of telecentres or
community communication centres.
·
Use
of Mixed-mode Teaching Approaching in educational sector.
·
Use
of information and data in the banking sector
·
Making
use of information is an important
·
To
attempt the definition of curriculum
Various attempt
has been made by various authors to the term curriculum to any universally
acceptable philosophical but because of various definitions
Orientations
that influenced the divergence opinions approving the scholars, they perceive
it in different angle. The word curriculum is derived from a latin word currus
meaning, race course a race, a race ground, a race track or a career. It then
simply means a runway or a course which one go through it to reach a goal in
order to achieve a reward. In line with education, it stands for a course (5)
which students poursue and complete for an aim or purpose which has to do with
academic award like, certificate, passes, highly grades etc. curriculum stands
for all the programmes the school established for students to cover (study)
through hour their training.