MAIN ARTICLES:
From 1978 to
1996, the U.S. NREL experimented with using algae as a biodiesel source in the
"Aquatic Species Program".[71] A self-published article by Michael
Briggs, at the UNH Biodiesel Group, offers estimates for the realistic
replacement of all vehicular fuel with biodiesel by utilizing algae that have a
natural oil content greater than 50%, which Briggs suggests can be grown on
algae ponds at wastewater treatment plants.[58] This oil-rich algae can then be
extracted from the system and processed into biodiesel, with the dried
remainder further reprocessed to create ethanol.
The production
of algae to harvest oil for biodiesel has not yet been undertaken on a
commercial scale, but feasibility studies have been conducted to arrive at the
above yield estimate. In addition to its projected high yield, algaculture —
unlike crop-based biofuels — does not entail a decrease in food
production,
since it requires neither farmland nor fresh water. Many companies are pursuing
algae bio-reactors for various purposes, including scaling up biodiesel
production to commercial levels.[84][85]
Fungi
A group at the
Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow published a paper in September 2008,
stating that they had isolated large amounts of lipids from single-celled fungi
and turned it into biodiesel in an economically efficient manner. More research
on this fungal species; Cunninghamella japonica, and others, is likely to
appear in the near future.[86]
The recent
discovery of a variant of the fungus Gliocladium roseum points toward the
production of so-called myco-diesel from cellulose. This organism was recently
discovered in the rainforests of northern Patagonia and has the unique
capability of converting cellulose into medium length hydrocarbons typically
found in diesel fuel.[87]
Biodiesel from used coffee grounds
Researchers at
the University of Nevada, Reno, have successfully produced biodiesel from oil
derived from used coffee grounds. Their analysis of the used grounds showed a
10% to 15% oil content (by weight). Once the oil was extracted, it underwent
conventional processing into biodiesel. It is estimated that finished biodiesel
could be produced for about one US dollar per gallon. Further, it was reported
that "the technique is not difficult" and that "there is so much
coffee around that several hundred million gallons of biodiesel could
potentially be made annually." However, even if all the coffee grounds in
the world were used to make fuel, the amount produced would be less than 1
percent of the diesel used in the United States annually. “It won’t solve the
world’s energy problem,” Dr. Misra said of his work.[88]
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